Equalization Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Reference Signal Frequency Domain Block Joint for DTMB-Based Passive Radar

Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.

A method of multi-channel reference signals acquiring in broadband ANC

In a flank array on an unmanned underwater vehicle （UUV）, self-generated noise which has broadband and colored spectrum property in frequency and spatial domain is the main factor affecting the performance of weak signal detection, so the technique of adaptive noise cancellation （ANC） as well as physical denoising and active noise cancellation are often used in practice. Because ANC is based on correlations, improvements in performance come from better correlation between reference signals and primary signals. Taking full advantage of the characteristics of flank arrays and the characteristics of information obtained from hydrophones, a new method for reference signal acquisition for adaptive noise cancellation is proposed, in which the multi-channel reference signals are obtained by accurate delaying for a given direction of arrival （DOA） and differencing between adjacent outputs of array elements. The validity of the proposed method was verified through system modeling simulations and lake experiments which showed good performance with little additional computational burden.

Noise cancellation of a multi-reference full-wave magnetic resonance sounding signal based on a modified sigmoid variable step size least mean square algorithm

Nano-volt magnetic resonance sounding(MRS) signals are sufficiently weak so that during the actual measurement, they are affected by environmental electromagnetic noise, leading to inaccuracy of the extracted characteristic parameters and hindering effective inverse interpretation. Considering the complexity and non-homogeneous spatial distribution of environmental noise and based on the theory of adaptive noise cancellation, a model system for noise cancellation using multi-reference coils was constructed to receive MRS signals. The feasibility of this system with theoretical calculation and experiments was analyzed and a modified sigmoid variable step size least mean square(SVSLMS) algorithm for noise cancellation was presented. The simulation results show that, the multi-reference coil method performs better than the single one on both signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) improvement and signal waveform optimization after filtering, under the condition of different noise correlations in the reference coils and primary detecting coils and different SNRs. In particular, when the noise correlation is poor and the SNR<0, the SNR can be improved by more than 8 dB after filtering with multi-reference coils. And the average fitting errors for initial amplitude and relaxation time are within 5%. Compared with the normalized least mean square(NLMS) algorithm and multichannel Wiener filter and processing field test data, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

Reference values of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults based on ultrasound radio frequency signal:A nationwide,multicenter study

Background:Carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and diameter,stiffness,and wave reflections,are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases.The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods:A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults(1922 women)aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022.The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency(RF)ultrasound system.The IMT,diameter,compliance coefficient,βstiffness,local pulse wave velocity(PWV),local systolic blood pressure,augmented pressure(AP),and augmentation index(AIx)were then automatically measured and reported.Data were stratified by age groups and sex.The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions.The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation,multiple linear regression,and analyses of covariance.Results:All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories.Women showed thinner IMT,smaller carotid diameter,larger AP,and AIx than men.Theβstiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties,but the differences reversed after that.The increase rate of carotid IMT(5.5µm/year in women and 5.8µm/year in men)and diameter(0.03 mm/year in both men and women)were similar between men and women.For the stiffness and wave reflections,women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes(all P for age by sex interaction<0.05).The blood pressures,body mass index(BMI),and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex.Conclusions:The age-and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established.The blood pressures,BMI,and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

Influence of Design Reference on Tracking Performance of Feedback Control

In this paper, we present an investigation on the tracking performances of feedback control as a function of reference signals. We use multi-objective optimal designs of feedback controls as a fair basis for comparing different control designs, and examine step, ramp, and periodic signals at various frequencies. Through comparing the tracking performances of controls designed with different reference signals,we find that the controls designed with ramp signals perform better in tracking step and ramp references than those designed with step signals. To track periodic signals, we find that the controls designed with periodic signals at the same frequency generally provide the best performance, and those designed with step and ramp signals perform comparably.

Direct model reference adaptive control using K_p = LDU factorization for multivariable discrete-time plants

For a large class of discrete-time multivariable plants with arbitrary relative degrees, the design and analysis of the direct model reference adaptive control scheme are investigated under less restrictive assumptions. The algorithm is based on a new parametrization derived from the high frequency gain matrix factorization Kp=LDU under the condition that the signs of the leading principal minors of/fp are known. By reproving the discrete-time Lp and L2σ norm relationship between inputs and outputs, establishing the properties of discrete-time adaptive law, defining the normalizing signal, and relating the signal with all signals in the closed-loop system, the stability and convergence of the discrete-time multivariable model reference adaptive control scheme are analyzed rigorously in a systematic fashion as in the continuous-time case.

Discrete-time Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control： A Systematic Approach

为直接模型引用的分离时间的系统，设计和分析的一个类，有规范的适应法律的适应控制(MRAC ) 被调查。我们责骂在输入和产量之间的 p 和 2 个关系性质上的分离时间的结论，和分离时间的交换词根 1 和 2。我们也建立分离时间的适应法律的性质，定义使正常化的信号，并且联系有在靠近环的系统的所有信号的信号。因此，分离时间的 MRAC 计划的稳定性和集中性质作为在连续时间的案例中以一种系统的方式严厉地被分析。

面向城区的基于图去噪的小区级RSRP估计方法

移动通信系统网络的规划、部署和优化都不同程度依赖于参考信号接收功率(RSRP)估计的准确性。传统上,基站覆盖小区内某信号接收点的RSRP可由对应的无线传播模型估计。在城市环境中,不同小区的无线传播模型需要使用大量RSRP实测数据校正。由于不同小区环境存在差异,经过校正后的模型只适用于对应小区,且小区内的RSRP估计精度低。针对上述问题,将RSRP估计问题转化为图去噪问题,并通过图像处理与深度学习技术得到小区级无线传播模型,不仅能实现小区整体的RSRP估计,且能适用于相似环境小区。首先,通过随机森林回归器逐点预测每个接收点的RSRP,得到整个小区的RSRP估计图;然后,将RSRP估计图和实测RSRP分布图之间的损失视为RSRP噪声图,提出基于条件生成对抗网络(CGAN)的图去噪RSRP估计方法,通过电子环境地图反映小区的环境信息,有效地降低不同小区的RSRP。实验结果表明,在无实测数据的跨小区RSRP预测场景下,所提方法预测RSRP的均方根误差(RMSE)为6.77 dBm,相较于基于卷积神经网络的RSRP估计方法EFsNet下降2.55 dBm;在同小区RSRP预测场景下,相较于EFsNet,模型参数量减小80.3%。

自适应剪枝的多参考有源控制算法

多参考信号有源控制算法是多噪声源环境噪声控制的研究热点之一。该文设计了Sigmoid函数加权的滤波最小均方算法,该算法不需要事先计算参考信号与误差信号的相关性以选取参考信号,而是在参考信号中引入自调整参数,通过调整该参数减小无关信号对系统的影响。仿真实验对比验证了算法的两个优点:一是算法可以看作对每个参考信号采用了变步长的策略,二是算法可以依据参考信号与误差信号的相关性高低调整参考信号的权重,实现自适应剪枝的功能以降低系统的开销。

太赫兹频段高速移动场景参考信号方案研究

针对太赫兹频段高速移动场景,提出了一种参考信号方案——增强型离散傅里叶变换扩展正交频分复用(E DFT-s-OFDM)DMRS:将具有循环前缀(CP)和循环后缀(CS)的参考信号序列分割为首部和尾部参考信号序列,然后分别嵌入每个OFDM符号的尾部和首部。这种方案的优点在于,前一个OFDM符号的尾部和后一个OFDM符号的首部构成一个完整的参考信号序列,从而允许接收端在每个OFDM符号间隔内都能进行信道估计,提高了信道估计的精度和实时性。此外,相邻OFDM符号的首部和尾部参考信号序列相同,从而省去了每个OFDM符号的传统循环前缀(CP),提高了频谱效率。仿真结果表明,在太赫兹频段高速移动场景下,与5G NR DFT-s-OFDM波形的DMRS方案相比,该方案的信道估计更精确,通信系统的频谱效率更高。

基于自动增益控制的信号量化损耗分析

在卫星信号接收的过程中,量化是模数转换的重要环节,信号量化会带来能量损失,对于信号后续的处理产生影响,根据信号特性选取合适的量化位数和系统基准功率可以有效改善这种损失.本文采用量化前后信号信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)对比的形式来直观表示量化损耗,并给出了一般性分析公式.说明了自动增益控制(automatic gain control,AGC)模块在信号量化中的作用,结合量化损耗公式,通过确定最佳增益系数给出了一种基准功率的选取方式,使得不同SNR的信号量化损耗明显降低.仿真结果表明:在低位量化时,该方式对卫星导航信号的量化损耗能改善约1.5 dB.该分析对于接收机的设计以及工程实现具有一定的参考意义.

一种时间反转的参考信号调制DCSK通信方案

针对DCSK系统信息传输速率低及安全性差的问题,提出一种时间反转参考信号调制DCSK(TR-RMDCSK)通信系统方案。该方案采用RM调制实现了在一个帧时隙传输两个比特,携带偶数信息比特的混沌信号既是信息信号,也是传输奇数信息比特的参考信号,将参考信号进行时间反转,消除了同一帧时隙信号间的相关性,提升了比特传输速率及信号保密性。推导了高斯信道下的理论误码率,并在高斯信道和莱斯信道下进行了性能仿真分析。结果表明,该方案在不牺牲传输速率的情况下改善了误码性能,提高了系统安全性。

被动雷达海上目标探测实验研究

针对海上目标的无源探测问题,利用无源双基地雷达(Passive Bistatic Radar,PBR)系统开展了海上无源目标探测的研究,进行了一系列实时海上目标探测的外场实验,实验成功采集了一些I/Q数据并画出系统显示图。文中首先介绍了PBR系统的工作原理,然后对信号处理流程进行详细说明,包括参考信号重构、脉冲压缩、直达波抑制、非相参积累和MTI、MTD动目标处理,最后介绍了外场实验结果并对所得实验数据进行分析。实验证明,该系统可以实现海上目标的无源相干检测。

基于自校正的多回路模拟信号数据采集电路设计

传统的多回路模拟信号数据采集电路存在信号放大单元硬件电路,随着应用环境的变化而产生基准漂移、同类型模拟信号在不同信道之间采集的数据不一致、人工调节电路容易引起误差等问题。本文设计一种可自校正的多回路模拟信号数据采集电路,主要包括信号放大单元、标准满幅值信号端、标准零值信号端和电子开关。电路包括正常运行、出厂调试和自动校正三种控制模式,由控制单元自动完成相应的校正和运行,不需要人工调节干预,可有效避免传统多回路模拟信号数据采集电路存在的问题。

一种相参雷达脉冲信号频域分选方法

现代雷达普遍使用相参信号,该特征可以作为信号分选的依据之一,从而减少现有分选方法的“漏批”问题。文中在分析相参与非相参信号频谱的基础上,研究了初始相位差对频谱的影响,采用与重构脉冲信号频谱主峰幅度匹配的方法,实现相参信号的分选。与同类分选方法相比,在考虑侦察设备参数测量误差的情况下该方法仍然有效,同时减少了运算量,最后通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。

基于深度强化学习的无人机切换管理研究

为无人机提供网络连接是未来蜂窝网络系统的一个主要应用,无人机在蜂窝网络中作为移动基站或移动用户设备时,需要在不同的基站之间切换,以保持高速可靠的网络连接。针对无人机移动性强、飞行环境复杂造成无人机在蜂窝基站间发生频繁切换、切换失败等问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的无人机连接蜂窝网络切换优化方法。基于深度强化学习框架,实现无人机自适应基站切换的在线学习和决策,克服了以往算法中当状态空间过大而导致训练时间长、泛化能力差的缺点;融合参考信号接收功率和切换次数两项指标作为联合奖励函数,保证无人机在稳定蜂窝网络连接的前提下,减少了无人机在蜂窝基站间的无效切换次数。实验结果表明,所提出的算法经过1000轮训练,无人机的平均切换次数显著降低,有效避免了不必要的切换,降低了切换失败的概率,提升了无人机连接蜂窝网络时的信号接收功率。

基于动态谱线插值的新能源场站同步基准信号检测方法

在含高比例新能源的低惯量电力系统中,系统频率呈现基频偏移严重、频率变化快等特征,导致新能源场站在进行并网测试及支撑性能评估时,同步基准信号检测误差增大,进而可能威胁到系统的安全稳定运行。对此,提出基于动态双离散傅里叶变换类(discrete Fourier transformation,DFT)谱线插值的同步基准信号检测算法。通过分析低惯量电力系统受功率扰动后的频率动态响应,揭示系统中基频静动态特征,并在此基础上建立静动态电网信号分析模型。进而量化基频偏移场景下的传统DFT谐波检测算法误差,并说明谱线插值类DFT算法在动态基频场景下的失效机理。继而利用希尔波特黄变换(Hibert-Huang transform,HHT)算法识别动态基频,并结合双DFT谱线插值法修正基频及谐波信号幅值,提高检测精度。又为改善检测效率,增设算法选择判据。试验测试结果表明:所提的检测算法能够准确的测量出强动态电网信号中的基准量,提高对新能源场站同步支撑、电能质量等并网性能的评估精度,为新能源高占比电力系统的同步基准信号检测提供新的可选方案。

一种具有纹波消除技术的10 bit SAR ADC

逐次逼近寄存器模数转换器(SAR ADC)在逐次逼近的过程中,电容的切换会使参考电压上出现参考纹波噪声,该噪声会影响比较器的判定,进而输出错误的比较结果。针对该问题,基于CMOS 0.5μm工艺,设计了一种具有纹波消除技术的10 bit SAR ADC。通过增加纹波至比较器输入端的额外路径,将参考纹波满摆幅输入至比较器中;同时设计了消除数模转换器(DAC)模块,对参考纹波进行采样和输入,通过反转纹波噪声的极性,消除参考纹波对ADC输出的影响。该设计将信噪比(SNR)提高到56.75 dB,将有效位数(ENOB)提升到9.14 bit,将积分非线性(INL)从-1~5 LSB降低到-0.2~0.3 LSB,将微分非线性(DNL)从-3~4 LSB降低到-0.5~0.5 LSB。

气体标准物质研究中方法检出限的评估

为了更好地满足气体标准物质研究中不同方法检出限评估的需求,保证评估结果的可靠性,探讨了气体标准物质研究中常用的信噪比法评估结果的影响因素,并结合国际上检出限评估常用的方法,对气体标准物质研究中常用但不能通过谱图显示基线噪声、不能使用信噪比法的分析方法的检出限评估方法进行了研究,同时,对不同方法评估结果进行了比对和验证,为气体标准物质研究中检出限评估提供多样、可靠的选择。实验结果表明,信噪比法评估时还应考虑载气的纯度、本底样品的干扰、方法线性、样品吸附等的影响;可以使用USEPA方法评估能够通过谱图显示基线噪声的分析方法以及不能通过谱图显示基线噪声的分析方法的检出限,对于能够显示基线噪声的分析方法,USEPA方法评估的检出限水平与信噪比水平相当,比2~3倍信噪比明显偏低;可以使用AOAC方法评估不能显示基线噪声的分析方法的检出限,其值与USEPA方法评估的检出限水平相差不多;信噪比法和AOAC方法评估的检出限均应进行验证,以保证其可靠性,而USEPA方法和目视检查法则无需验证。

铁路连续运行基准站BDS-3信号质量及PPP性能分析

为评价当前铁路沿线建立的连续运行基准站网的北斗三号卫星导航系统(BDS-3)信号的可靠性,使用G-Nut/Anubis对BDS-3的B1I/B3I和B1C/B2a信号进行观测数据质量分析,并基于无电离层组合精密单点定位(PPP)观测模型,分别采用欧洲定轨中心(CODE)、欧洲航天局(ESA)和德国地学研究中心(GFZ)的精密轨道和钟差产品进行B1I/B3I、B1C/B2a两种BDS-3双频组合静态PPP解算。与全球定位系统(GPS)对比的结果表明,BDS-3采用CODE产品和B1I/B3I组合模型可以达到最优的定位性能,结果精度与GPS相当。因此,在铁路连续运行基准站网测量应用中可以使用单北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)。