Are energy conservation and emission reduction policy measures effective for industrial structure restructuring and upgrading?

The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current, wave, temperature and so on in the South China Sea. A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships, is under development to acquire data from this area. This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system. It incorporates a small, instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation. On a pre-set schedule, the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by, which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar. And it can be. inunediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming. Since, because of logistics, the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired, energy demands are severe. To respond to these concerns, the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down. Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode, it is advanced and economical. At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.

Non-invasive glucose measuring apparatus based on conservation of energy method

A new non-invasive blood glucose measuring apparatus (NBGMA) made up of MSP430F149 SCM (single chip micyoco) was developed,which can measure blood glucose level (BGL) frequently,conveniently and painlessly. The hardware and software of this apparatus were designed,and detecting algorithms based on conservation of energy method (COEM) were presented. According to the law of conservation of energy that the energy derived by human body equals energy consumed by metabolism,and the relationship between convection,evaporation,radiation and the BGL was established. The sensor module was designed. 20 healthy volunteers were involved in the clinical experiment. The BGL measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer (ABA) was set as the reference. Regression analysis was performed to compare the conservation of energy method with the biochemical method,using the 20 data points with blood glucose concentrations ranging from 680 to 1 100 mg/L. Reproducibility was measured for healthy fasting volunteers. The results show that the means of BGL detected by NBGMA and ANA are very close to each other,and the difference of standard deviation (SD) is 24.7 mg/L. The correlative coefficient is 0.807. The coefficient of variation (CV) is 4% at 921.6 mg/L. The resultant regression is evaluated by the Clarke error grid analysis (EGA) and all data points are included in the clinically acceptable regions (region A:100%,region B:0%). Accordingly,it is feasible to measure BGL with COEM.

G-CPT Symmetry of Quantum Emergence and Submergence—An Information Conservational Multiagent Cellular Automata Unification of CPT Symmetry and CP Violation for Equilibrium-Based Many-World Causal Analysis of Quantum Coherence and Decoherence

An equilibrium-based YinYang bipolar dynamic Generalization of CPT (G-CPT) symmetry is introduced based on energy/information conservational quantum emergence-submergence. As a bottleneck of quantum computing, quantum decoherence or collapse has been plaguing quantum mechanics for decades. It is suggested that the crux of the problem can trace its origin back to the incompleteness of CPT symmetry due to the lack of holistic representation for equilibrium-based bipolar coexistence. In this work, the notion of quantum emergence-submergence is coined as two opposite processes with bipolar energy/information conservation. The new notion leads to G-CPT symmetry supported by a Bipolar Quantum Cellular Automata (BQCA) interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is shown that the new interpretation further leads to the unification of electromagnetic particle-antiparticle bipolarity and gravitational action-reaction bipolarity as well as CPT symmetry and CP violation into a philosophically, geometrically and logically different quantum gravity theory. On one hand, G-CPT symmetry enables a Bipolar Quantum Agent (BQA) to emerge as a bipolar quantum superposition or entanglement coupled to a globally coherent BQCA;on the other hand, G-CP violation supports a causal theory of BQA submergence or decoupling from the global coherence. In turn, BQAs can submerge from one world but emerge in another within YinYang bipolar quantum geometry. It is suggested that all logical, physical, social, biological and mental worlds are bipolar quantum entangled under G-CPT symmetry. It is contended that G-CPT symmetry constitutes an analytical paradigm of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity—a fundamental departure from “what goes around comes around”. The new paradigm leads to a number of predictions and challenges.

Rough law energy and measurement of ■-decomposition rough law

By employing function one-direction S-rough sets and rough law generation method based on function S-rough sets, ^-f-decomposition law and ^-F-decomposition rough law are proposed, and the measurement of rough law variation in the process of rough law ^-F-decomposition is researched. The concepts of law energy and attdbute ^-f-interference degree are presented, which make the variation of rough law become measurable. ^-f-decomposition law energy characteristic theorem, ^-f- decomposition law energy inequality theorem, ^-F-decomposition rough law energy characteristic theorem, and ^-f-decomposition law energy mean value theorem are presented.

Direct Measurements of the Electron Energy Flux versus Electron Temperature Gradient in Tokamak Discharges

Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.

解读1995版和2006版ASHRAE Standard 100——既有建筑节能标准

从新旧标准的框架、细节及内容等方面的变化来解读该标准,目的是探究美国目前节能技术的发展方向,对我国既有建筑节能改造提供一定的借鉴。

Evaluating different levels of information on the calibration of building energy simulation models

A poorly calibrated model undermines confidence in the effectiveness of building energy simulation, impeding the widespread application of advanced energy conservation measures (ECMs). Striking a balance between information-gathering efforts and achieving sufficient model credibility is crucial but often obscured by ambiguities. To address this gap, we model and calibrate a test bed with different levels of information (LOI). Beginning with an initial model based on building geometry (LOI 1), we progressively introduce additional information, including nameplate information (LOI 2), envelope conductivity (LOI 3), zone infiltration rate (LOI 4), AHU fan power (LOI 5), and HVAC data (LOI 6). The models are evaluated for accuracy, consistency, and the robustness of their predictions. Our results indicate that adding more information for calibration leads to improved data fit. However, this improvement is not uniform across all observed outputs due to identifiability issues. Furthermore, for energy-saving analysis, adding more information can significantly affect the projected energy savings by up to two times. Nevertheless, for ECM ranking, models that did not meet ASHRAE 14 accuracy thresholds can yield correct retrofit decisions. These findings underscore equifinality in modeling complex building systems. Clearly, predictive accuracy is not synonymous with model credibility. Therefore, to balance efforts in information-gathering and model reliability, it is crucial to (1) determine the minimum level of information required for calibration compatible with its intended purpose and (2) calibrate models with information closely linked to all outputs of interest, particularly when simultaneous accuracy for multiple outputs is necessary.

绿色低碳氢冶金技术研究进展

在“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的大背景下,冶金领域正在由传统“碳冶金”向新型“氢冶金”发生转变,氢冶金技术能够有效降低碳排放量甚至实现零碳排放的目标,助力钢铁行业绿色低碳发展。通过分析氢冶金动力学与热力学原理,对国内外富氢还原高炉与气基直接还原竖炉所应用的氢冶金技术及研究进展进行了系统的综述,对比了氢冶金工艺中长流程和短流程两种工艺特点,总结了氢冶金技术的研究和发展方向,针对氢冶金技术目前在工业化应用中存在的问题进行了分析,有助于促进氢冶金技术的发展和工业化推广。

抽油机系统能效影响因素分析及节能技术应用

抽油机系统作为主要的采油生产设备,其中油气生产板块电力消耗占比超过70%。针对抽油机系统能效水平偏低的问题,对4 000余台抽油机进行检查测试,找出主要影响因素,并采取相应的节能措施。文中分析了数字化节能型抽油机、永磁同步电动机、智能控制装置等节能设备应用情况,分析结果表明增大抽油机载荷利用率、电动机功率利用率以及优化生产参数,有效解决了供排关系失衡问题,提高了能源利用率,产生了较好的节能效果,综合节能率达10%~30%以上,年节电66.32×10^(4)kWh,适合抽油机系统的升级改造。

选矿公司多金属选矿系统技术提升项目节能降耗措施

本文以某选矿公司多金属选矿系统技术提升项目为例,从提高设备利用率、采用新的节能型生产工艺、充分利用各种能源和物料等方面入手,提出了降低多金属选矿系统技术提升项目能耗的措施,以达到节能降耗的目的。

基于油井动液面测控自适应采油系统应用

为了最大程度的发挥油藏的开采潜力,根据回声测深原理和自适应测控采油原理,研发油井动液面测控自适应采油系统,远程控制在线液面测试仪,实时监控油井动液面,根据生产实际需要,计算生产参数,合理选用快抽、慢抽、间抽三种控制模式,保障动液面的合理沉没度。同时提高泵效,减少无用功,达到节能增产的效果。2023年在胜坨油田不同工况的24口采油井试验,每年节电145257 kWh,增产油量8033.4 t,同时减少单井用工,实现高效节能增产的目标。

水冷多联空调系统在地铁站的应用研究

针对地铁车站水冷冷水机组空调冷源方案部分负荷运行时间较长导致冷源效率低、全空气空调系统输送能耗大、管线占用空间大等一系列问题,在对设备用房实际空调负荷普遍小于设计值的研究基础上,提出水冷多联机空调系统在地铁站设备管理用房的应用方案,并将投入运行的南方某车站水冷多联空调系统与同一线路常规冷源方案进行了实测对比。结果表明:水冷多联机应用于地铁车站设备管理用房空调系统,在节约空调机房面积、简化设备区管线、匹配负荷供冷、节约运行能耗等方面具有明显的优势。

Optimal error estimates and modified energy conservation identities of the ADI-FDTD scheme on staggered grids for 3D Maxwell's equations

This paper is concerned with the optimal error estimates and energy conservation properties of the alternating direction implicit finite-difference time-domain(ADI-FDTD) method which is a popular scheme for solving the 3D Maxwell's equations.Precisely,for the case with a perfectly electric conducting(PEC) boundary condition we establish the optimal second-order error estimates in both space and time in the discrete H 1-norm for the ADI-FDTD scheme,and prove the approximate divergence preserving property that if the divergence of the initial electric and magnetic fields are zero,then the discrete L 2-norm of the discrete divergence of the ADI-FDTD solution is approximately zero with the second-order accuracy in both space and time.The key ingredient is two new discrete modified energy norms which are second-order in time perturbations of two new energy conservation laws for the Maxwell's equations introduced in this paper.Furthermore,we prove that,in addition to two known discrete modified energy identities which are second-order in time perturbations of two known energy conservation laws,the ADI-FDTD scheme also satisfies two new discrete modified energy identities which are second-order in time perturbations of the two new energy conservation laws.This means that the ADI-FDTD scheme is unconditionally stable under the four discrete modified energy norms.Experimental results which confirm the theoretical results are presented.

Exergy analysis of operation process of district heating systems

The nature of the exergy consumption of district heating(DH) systems can not be explained clearly using the first law of thermodynamics.Exergy analysis method was used.A case study based on a DH system in Inner Mongolia,China,was carried out.The impact of operating parameters and design parameters on the energy quality of circulating water and exergy losses of DH systems during heat distribution was revealed.Results show that the energy quality of circulating water and exergy losses of DH systems during heat distribution could be reduced by decreasing the indoor temperature or increasing radiator areas.Compared with other factors,the outdoor temperature and indoor temperature have a greater impact on the energy quality of circulating water,exergy losses of circulating water,and total exergy losses during heat distribution.When the outdoor temperature varied by 10.00%,the average variation rates of such parameters were 85.12%,90.02%,and 64.60%,respectively.When the outdoor temperature was 273.00 K and indoor temperature varied by 50.00%,the average variation rates of such parameters were 83.88%,99.34% and 32.87%,respectively.It can be observed that the energy quality and exergy losses of DH systems can be reduced in the operation process.

New Insights on Energy Conserved Planar Motion

The planar motion of a particle within an arbitrary potential field is considered.The particle is additionally subject to an external force wherein the applied thrust-acceleration is constrained to remain normal to the velocity vector.The system is thus non-conservative but since the thrust force is non-working,the total energy is a conserved quantity.Under this setting,a major result of fundamental importance is established in this paper:that the flight direction angle(more precisely,the sine of the angle between the position and velocity vectors)is shown to always satisfy a linear first-order differential equation with variable coefficients that depend upon the underlying potential function.As a consequence,an analytical solution for the flight direction angle can be obtained directly in terms of the particle’s distance from the center of the field for a significant number of special cases for the potential function.In the case of J2 perturbed spacecraft motion within equatorial orbits,the problem is reduced to that of solving an incomplete elliptic integral.Another important implication of the main result established here is that motion problems subject to velocity-normal thrusting can always be reduced to the study of equivalent single degree-of-freedom conservative systems with an effective potential function.The paper concludes with various examples of both academic and practical interest including the study of bounded two-body Keplerian orbits and hodograph interpretetions.

基于量测数据的风电场等效虚拟惯量评估方法

研究风电场等效虚拟惯量评估方法可以定量掌握风电场对电网的惯量贡献。已有方法通过建立含有虚拟惯量控制的风电机组简化模型并结合转子运动方程推导出风电场等效惯量的计算公式,但该方法却存在所需参数众多且不易获得的问题。对此,提出一种从易于获得的量测数据中求取风电场等效惯量的方法。首先,介绍了风电虚拟惯量的概念。其次,对风电机组惯量响应过程中自身动能和输出电能的转换进行分析,并根据能量守恒原理提出一种利用风电场公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)有功-频率量测数据进行计算的惯量评估方法,该方法可以避免基于系统辨识方法在评估过程中对辨识模型降阶所带来的误差,从而得到更高精度的惯量评估结果。最后,在PSASP中建立仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

寒地农房改造中节能调查及节能技术措施

当前农村地区建筑采暖已成为建筑耗能之首,并且超过大半的建筑没有采取节能措施,会产生能耗大、能效低和环境污染等方面的问题。基于此,文章将结合建筑结构、建筑材料和节能技术等方面对寒地农房进行分析及优化研究。并以一农房为例,对原有围护结构引起的能耗进行分析,提出节能优化措施,推出节能后的耗热量,对比两者得出节能百分比,为农房改造提供有利的借鉴和参考。希望能够在提高用户居住舒适度的同时,达到减少污染、节约能源的目的。

可持续发展的绿色生态大数据产业园区研究

打造全新绿色生态大数据产业园区是建设新型数字基础设施的重要举措之一。以中国联通互联网应用创新基地为例,对园区生态规划、建筑节能减排技术进行实证研究分析,提出在双碳战略指引下、在工艺要求基础上,适合数据中心园区“绿色生态”建设的策略和措施,助力绿色生态大数据产业园区的建设推广。

浅析高低压火炬气的节能措施及方法

主要针对火炬气进行论述,从节能降耗、环境保护方面出发,通过多种方式对火炬气内漏点进行排查,通过源头治理,有针对性进行调整优化,并对无法在源头控制的火炬气通过气柜回收再利用,从而达到节能降耗的目的,提高了企业的运行效益。