Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Product Parallel Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Considering Multi-Skilled Workers Using a Discrete Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm

This work investigates a multi-product parallel disassembly line balancing problem considering multi-skilled workers.A mathematical model for the parallel disassembly line is established to achieve maximized disassembly profit and minimized workstation cycle time.Based on a product’s AND/OR graph,matrices for task-skill,worker-skill,precedence relationships,and disassembly correlations are developed.A multi-objective discrete chemical reaction optimization algorithm is designed.To enhance solution diversity,improvements are made to four reactions:decomposition,synthesis,intermolecular ineffective collision,and wall invalid collision reaction,completing the evolution of molecular individuals.The established model and improved algorithm are applied to ball pen,flashlight,washing machine,and radio combinations,respectively.Introducing a Collaborative Resource Allocation(CRA)strategy based on a Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm,the experimental results are compared with four classical algorithms:MOEA/D,MOEAD-CRA,Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ),and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ).This validates the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm in parallel disassembly production lines.

Disassemblability Modeling Technology of Configurable Product Based on Disassembly Constraint Relation Weighted Design Structure Matrix(DSM)

The current research of configurable product disassemblability focuses on disassemblability evaluation and disassembly sequence planning. Little work has been done on quantitative analysis of configurable product disassemblability. The disassemblability modeling technology for configurable product based on disassembly constraint relation weighted design structure matrix （DSM） is proposed. Major factors affecting the disassemblability of configurable product are analyzed, and the disassembling degrees between components in configurable product are obtained by calculating disassembly entropies such as joint type, joint quantity, disassembly path, disassembly accessibility and material compatibility. The disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM of configurable product is constructed and configuration modules are formed by matrix decomposition and tearing operations. The disassembly constraint relation in configuration modules is strong coupling, and the disassembly constraint relation between modules is weak coupling, and the disassemblability configuration model is constructed based on configuration module. Finally, taking a hydraulic forging press as an example, the decomposed weak coupling components are used as configuration modules alone, components with a strong coupling are aggregated into configuration modules, and the disassembly sequence of components inside configuration modules is optimized by tearing operation. A disassemblability configuration model of the hydraulic forging press is constructed. By researching the disassemblability modeling technology of product configuration design based on disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM, the disassembly property in maintenance, recycling and reuse of configurable product are optimized.

Using genetic/simulated annealing algorithm to solve disassembly sequence planning

Disassembly sequence planning （DSP） plays a significant role in maintenance planning of the aircraft. It is used during the design stage for the analysis of maintainability of the aircraft. To solve product disassembly sequence planning problems efficiently, a product disassembly hybrid graph model, which describes the connection, non-connection and precedence relationships between the product parts, is established based on the characteristic of disassembly. Farther, the optimization model is provided to optimize disassembly sequence. And the solution methodology based on the genetic/simulated annealing algorithm with binaxy-tree algorithm is given. Finally, an example is analyzed in detail, and the result shows that the model is correct and efficient.

Neighborhood Modularization‑based Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Disassembly Planning with Operation Attributes

The recycling and remanufacturing of end-of-life products are significant for environmental protection and resource conservation.Disassembly is an essential process of remanufacturing end-of-life products.Effective disassembly plans help improve disassembly efficiency and reduce disassembly costs.This paper studies a disassembly planning problem with operation attributes,in which an integrated decision of the disassembly sequence,disassembly directions,and disassembly tools are made.Besides,a mathematical model is formulated with the objective of minimizing the penalty cost caused by the changing of operation attributes.Then,a neighborhood modularization-based artificial bee colony algorithm is developed,which contains a modular optimized design.Finally,two case studies with different scales and complexities are used to verify the performance of the proposed approach,and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the two existing methods within an acceptable computational time.

Disassembly Sequence Planning:A Survey

It is well-recognized that obsolete or discarded products can cause serious environmental pollution if they are poorly be handled.They contain reusable resource that can be recycled and used to generate desired economic benefits.Therefore,performing their efficient disassembly is highly important in green manufacturing and sustainable economic development.Their typical examples are electronic appliances and electromechanical/mechanical products.This paper presents a survey on the state of the art of disassembly sequence planning.It can help new researchers or decision makers to search for the right solution for optimal disassembly planning.It reviews the disassembly theory and methods that are applied for the processing,repair,and maintenance of obsolete/discarded products.This paper discusses the recent progress of disassembly sequencing planning in four major aspects:product disassembly modeling methods,mathematical programming methods,artificial intelligence methods,and uncertainty handling.This survey should stimulate readers to be engaged in the research,development and applications of disassembly and remanufacturing methodologies in the Industry 4.0 era.

STUDY ON HUMAN-COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR STABLE VIRTUAL DISASSEMBLY

The cooperative work between human being and computer based on virtual reality (VR) is investigated to plan the disassembly sequences more efficiently. A three-layer model of human-computer cooperative virtual disassembly is built, and the corresponding human-computer system for stable virtual disassembly is developed. In this system, an immersive and interactive virtual disassembly environment has been created to provide planners with a more visual working scene. For cooperative disassembly, an intelligent module of stability analysis of disassembly operations is embedded into the human-computer system to assist planners to implement disassembly tasks better. The supporting matrix for stability analysis of disassembly operations is defined and the method of stability analysis is detailed. Based on the approach, the stability of any disassembly operation can be analyzed to instruct the manual virtual disassembly. At last, a disassembly case in the virtual environment is given to prove the validity of above ideas.

End-of-life vehicle recycling based on disassembly

The end-of-life vehicle recycling was studied based on the disassembly. The end-of-life recycling and the disassembly were reviewed and discussed. A disassembly experiment of an end-of-life engine was carried out, which strictly recorded the process of dismantling. Based on the results, a model of the end-of-life recycling was presented. In this model, the end-of-life parts were classified by three ways which included to recycle directly, to recycle after remanufacturing and to discard. By using this model, the dismantling efficiency and the recycling rate can be improved. Also, it obtains a good result after used in a dismantling factory.

Assembly and disassembly of mammalian chromosome pellicle

By means of indirect double immunofluorescent staining, the coordination of PI antigen and perichromonucleolin (PCN), the constituent of nuclear periphery and nucleolus respectively, in the assembly and disassembly of chromosome pellicle during mitosis was studied. It was found that in 3T3 cells, during mitosis PI antigen began to coat the condensing chromosome .surface earlier.than PCN did. However, both of them completed their coating on chromosome at approximately the same stage of mitosis, prometaphase metaphase. The dissociation of PI antigen from chromosome pellicle to participate the formation of nuclear periphery took, place also ahead of that of PCN. At early telophase PI antigen had been extensively involved in the formation of nuclear periphery, while PCN remained in association with the surface of decondensing chromosomes. At late telophase, when PI antigen was localized in an fairly well formed nuclear periphery, PCN was in a stage of forming prenucleolar bodies.

Crystal Structure of Sar1[H79G]-GDP Which Provides Insight into the Coat-controlled GTP Hydrolysis in the Disassembly of COP Ⅱ

Sarl is a small GTPase involved in COPⅡ vesicle transport. Previous studies showed that H79G mutation of Sarl can lock Sarl in its GTP-bound active conformation, stabilize coat assembly, and prevent the disassembly of COP Ⅱ vesicle coats by reducing Sec23/24 GAP- stimulated hydrolysis. We show here that the replacement of His79 by glycine induces a large conformation change in switch Ⅱ and results in the lost of hydrogen bond between His79 and its associated nucleophilic water molecule that was hypothesized to reduce the GAP-stimulated hydrolysis during the COP Ⅱ assembly and disassembly. These results confirm that the switch Ⅱ conformation is important for COP Ⅱ disassembly through coat-controlled GTP hydrolysis.

Analysis of Mobile Phone Reliability Based on Active Disassembly Using Smart Materials

When using shape memory materials into active disassembly of actual electronic products, because the elastic modulus of shape memory materials is affected by the temperature is relatively large, therefore, the main difference of environmental reliability between active disassembly products and common products is the impact of collision and vibration under different temperature. Establishing three-dimensional analysis model, comparing the impact of collision and vibration of mobile phone shells which are made up of PVC materials after casting & radiation and PC/ABS materials under different temperature. Analyzing the reliability of mobile phone under different temperature and optimizing its structure according to data of testing.

Automated Disassembly Sequence Prediction for Industry 4.0 Using Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

The evolution of Industry 4.0 made it essential to adopt the Internet of Things(IoT)and Cloud Computing(CC)technologies to perform activities in the new age of manufacturing.These technologies enable collecting,storing,and retrieving essential information from the manufacturing stage.Data collected at sites are shared with others where execution automatedly occurs.The obtained information must be validated at manufacturing to avoid undesirable data losses during the de-manufacturing process.However,information sharing from the assembly level at the manufacturing stage to disassembly at the product end-of-life state is a major concern.The current research validates the information optimally to offer a minimum set of activities to complete the disassembly process.An optimal disassembly sequence plan(DSP)can possess valid information to organize the necessary actions in manufacturing.However,finding an optimal DSP is complex because of its combinatorial nature.The genetic algorithm(GA)is a widely preferred artificial intelligence(AI)algorithm to obtain a near-optimal solution for the DSP problem.The converging nature at local optima is a limitation in the traditional GA.This study improvised the GA workability by integrating with the proposed priori crossover operator.An optimality function is defined to reduce disassembly effort by considering directional changes as parameters.The enhanced GA method is tested on a real-time product to evaluate the performance.The obtained results reveal that diversity control depends on the operators employed in the disassembly attributes.The proposed method’s solution can be stored in the cloud and shared through IoT devices for effective resource allocation and disassembly for maximum recovery of the product.The effectiveness of the proposed enhanced GA method is determined by making a comparative assessment with traditional GA and other AI methods at different population sizes.

Experimental Study on the Reduction Effect of Pit Texture on Disassembly Damage for Interference Fit

After remanufacturing disassembly,several kinds of friction damages can be found on the mating surface of interference fit.These damages should be repaired and the cost is closely related to the severity of damages.Inspired by the excellent performance of surface texture in wear reduction,5 shapes of pit array textures are added to the specimens’surface to study their reduction effect of disassembly damage for interference fit.The results of disassembly experiments show that the order of influence of texture parameters on disassembly damage is as follows:equivalent circle diameter of single texture,texture shape and texture surface density.The influence of equivalent circle diameter of single texture and texture shape are obviously more significant than that of texture surface density.The circular texture with a surface density of 30%and a diameter of 100μm shows an excellent disassembly damage reduction effect because of its perfect ability of abrasive particle collection.And the probability of disassembly damage formation and evolution is also relatively small on this kind of textured surface.Besides,the load-carrying capacity of interference fit with the excellent texture is confirmed by load-carrying capacity experiments.The results show that the load-carrying capacity of the excellent texture surface is increased about 40%compared with that of without texture.This research provides a potential approach to reduce disassembly damage for interference fit.

Disassembly Evaluation in Design of a System Using a Multi-Parameters Index

In order to help designers, consider disassembly in their design activities, a method for evaluation of product disassembly is proposed. Criteria characterizing the disassembility of a product are identified. Each criterion is assigned a coefficient, thus proposing an index of easy fixations (Iff) as a design indicator to evaluate the level of disassembly of a solution generated by the designer. This index is calculated as a weighted average of the indicators for evaluating the disassembility of the product. The proposed method uses information such as the list of subsets or parts, the component tree, the part geometry, the functional links between components and parts, the properties of the components. It has been tested on one product: the soy roaster.

p38 MAP kinase is necessary for melanoma-mediated regulation of VE-cadherin disassembly

Introduction Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is localized to the endothelial borders and the adherens junctions,which are regulated by changes in mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK),GTPases,and intracellular calcium. We previously

Research on Anti-collision Algorithm of Short Distance Data communication based on Binary-Tree Disassembly

This paper puts forward adaptive anti collision algorithm based on two fork tree decomposition. New search algorithm built on the basis of binary-tree algorithm, using the uniqueness of the label EPC, to estimate the distribution of label by slot allocation, the huge and complicated two fork tree is decomposed into several simple binary-tree by search the collision slots for binary-tree, so, it can simplifies the search process. The algorithm fully considers4 important performance parameters of the reader paging times, transmission delay, energy consumption and throughput label, the simulation results show that, the improved anti-collision algorithm is obviously improved performance than other two fork tree algorithm, it is more suitable for RFID anti-collision protocols.

Disassembly sequence planning using component-joint graph and ant colony optimization

Disassembly sequence planning is an important step of mechanical maintenance. This article presents an integrated study about the generation and optimizing algorithm of the disassembly sequence. Mechanical products are divided into two categories of components and connectors. The article uses component-joint graph to represent assembly constraints, including the incidence constraints are represented by incidence matrix and the interference constraints are represented by interference constraints. The inspiring factor and pheromone matrix are calculated according to assembly constraints. Then the ant generates its own disassembly sequences one by one and updates the inspiring factor and pheromone matrix. After all iterations, the best disassembly sequence planning of components and connectors are given. Finally, an application instance of the disassembly sequence of the jack is presented to illustrate the validity of this method.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Zhonghuang 13,a widely-grown soybean variety from the original center of Glycine max

Soybean(Glycine max)stands as a globally significant agricultural crop,and the comprehensive assembly of its genome is of paramount importance for unraveling its biological characteristics and evolutionary history.Nevertheless,previous soybean genome assemblies have harbored gaps and incompleteness,which have constrained in-depth investigations into soybean.Here,we present Telomere-to-Telomere(T2T)assembly of the Chinese soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13(ZH13)genome,termed ZH13-T2T,utilizing PacBio Hifi and ONT ultralong reads.We employed a multi-assembler approach,integrating Hifiasm,NextDenovo,and Canu,to minimize biases and enhance assembly accuracy.The assembly spans 1,015,024,879 bp,effectively resolving all 393 gaps that previously plagued the reference genome.Our annotation efforts identified 50,564 high-confidence protein-coding genes,707 of which are novel.ZH13-T2T revealed longer chromosomes,421 not-aligned regions(NARs),112 structure variations(SVs),and a substantial expansion of repetitive element compared to earlier assemblies.Specifically,we identified 25.67 Mb of tandem repeats,an enrichment of 5S and 48S rDNAs,and characterized their genotypic diversity.In summary,we deliver the first complete Chinese soybean cultivar T2T genome.The comprehensive annotation,along with precise centromere and telomere characterization,as well as insights into structural variations,further enhance our understanding of soybean genetics and evolution.

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Response and assembly of abundant and rare taxa in Zaopei under different combination patterns of Daqu and pit mud:from microbial ecology to Baijiu brewing microecosystem

The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.

Design and assembly of a nested imaging X-ray telescope for the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor mission

The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) mission will carry a nested X-ray telescope capable of observing an energy range from 0.5 keV to 2 keV to study hot baryon evolution. In this paper, we report the latest progress in the design and construction of nested X-ray telescopes which were designed to use a three-stage conic-approximation type assembly to simplify the manufacturing process. The mirror substrate is made using the thermal glass slumping method, with mirrors characterized by a root-mean-square roughness of 0.3 nm, with expected high reflectivity and good thermal stability. We also discuss methods of telescope construction and conduct a deformation analysis of the manufactured mirror. The in situ measurement system program is developed to guide the telescope assembly process.