Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC...Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.展开更多
The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and ax...The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.展开更多
Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepa...Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepatic artery flow.Whether this procedure attenuates biliary non-anastomotic stricture(NAS)is not clear.Methods:A total of 241 patients with LT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the GDA disconnection(GDA-)and GDA preservation(GDA+)groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was administrated to reduce bias.Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors for biliary NAS before and after PSM.Postoperative complications were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival.Results:In all,99 patients(41.1%)underwent GDA disconnection,and 49(20.3%)developed NAS.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that GDA preservation(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.11-4.53;P=0.025)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score>15(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.12-4.11;P=0.022)were risk factors for biliary NAS.PSM provided 66 pairs using 1:2 matching method,including 66 GDA disconnection and 99 GDA preservation patients.Multivariate logistic regression after PSM also showed that GDA preservation(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.26-7.89;P=0.014)and MELD score>15(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.08-5.36;P=0.031)were risk factors for NAS.When comparing complications between the two groups,GDA preservation was associated with a higher incidence of biliary NAS before and after PSM(P=0.031 and 0.017,respectively).In contrast,other complications including early allograft dysfunction(P=0.620),small-for-size graft syndrome(P=0.441),abdominal hemorrhage(P=1.000),major complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥3,P=0.318),and overall survival(P=0.088)were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:GDA disconnection during LT ameliorates biliary NAS incidence and may be recommended for application in clinical practice.展开更多
Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary spa...Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.展开更多
Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a rel...Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.展开更多
With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed...With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.展开更多
Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere (temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. ...Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere (temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. Maintenance of isolated nerve tissue activity after surgery plays a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of neurosurgery treatment. Disconnection surgery of the posterior quadrant is used to completely isolate nerve fibers, while blood supply at the isolated lobes is maintained. Subsequently, cavities caused by cystic or necrotic nerve tissues should be reduced as much as possible,展开更多
Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosens...Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosensory stimulation of both hands, hemialexia and unilateral left-side apraxia. Subsequently, changes were also observed in the sensory interhemispheric transfer and in tests of crossed motor control. In Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) there have been descriptions of partial IDS. The aim is to describe the dissociations in IDS that are presented in a patient with MBD, using a specialized assessment methodology. Patient and Method: A 54-year-old patient, righthanded, with 11 years of schooling, presented with antecedent chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychological tests were administered for general assessment along with specific tests of interhemispheric transference. Results: Borderline changes were found in visual memory, visual-constructive abilities and attention and executive functioning. In tasks of interhemispheric transference the patient showed changes in: the imitation of hand poses;inter-manual pressure point localization (tactile stimulation);reading aloud of words by visual hemifield;and movement control. Conclusion: Our patient showed a wide lesion of the Corpus Callosum (CC) with relative preservation of the splenium, accompanied by partial disconnection syndrome in the context of a global cognitive deterioration from his chronic alcoholism.展开更多
The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Lin...The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.展开更多
In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disco...In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence (EDS) available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers (BOPs), and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time (time without riser safety margin and shear capability) for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.展开更多
Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient's health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurr...Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient's health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurrent chyluria may result in malnutrition. In addition, with nearly one half of the body's the urine, depressed regulatory lymphocytes lost through functions of the lymphatic system may cause illnesses following immune deficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to provide effective and active medical care for chyluria patients. The purpose of surgical treatment is to eliminate lymphatic fistula and decrease intralymphatic pressure. We recently performed retroperitoneoscopic renal pedical lymphatic disconnection for 78 cases of chyluria patients in our hospital between April 2003 and June 2007. We herein summarize our experience as follows.展开更多
Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,expe...Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,experimental understanding of the atomistic disconnection dynamics remains scarce.In this case study of gold nanocrystals,atomistic disconnection dynamics governing the shear-coupled migration of flat GBs have been systematically investigated via in situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing supported by molecular dynamics simulations.Specifically,the site-dependent nucleation,shear-driven propagation,and diverse interactions associated with distinct GB disconnections are systematically elucidated and quantitatively compared.Moreover,the disconnection-mediated GB plasticity proves to prevail among different tilt and mixed GBs in gold.Eventually,a conceptual map of disconnection-mediated GB dynamics is established,which would furnish a unified understanding of GB plasticity in metallic materials.展开更多
An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the...An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the graph,there exists a rainbow cut separating u and v.For a connected graph G,the rainbow disconnection number of G,denoted by rd(G),is defined as the smallest number of colors required to make G rainbow disconnected.In this paper,we first give some upper bounds for rd(G),and moreover,we completely characterize the graphs which meet the upper bounds of the NordhausGaddum type result obtained early by us.Secondly,we propose a conjecture that for any connected graph G,either rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)or rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1,whereλ^(+)(G)is the upper edge-connectivity,and prove that the conjecture holds for many classes of graphs,which supports this conjecture.Moreover,we prove that for an odd integer k,if G is a k-edge-connected k-regular graph,thenχ’(G)=k if and only if rd(G)=k.It implies that there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)for odd k,and also there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1 for odd k.For k=3,the result gives rise to an interesting result,which is equivalent to the famous Four-Color Problem.Finally,we give the relationship between rd(G)of a graph G and the rainbow vertex-disconnection number rvd(L(G))of the line graph L(G)of G.展开更多
Severe mechanical fractu re and unstable interphase,associated with the large volumetric expansion/contraction,significantly hinder the application of high-capacity SiO_(x)materials in lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we ...Severe mechanical fractu re and unstable interphase,associated with the large volumetric expansion/contraction,significantly hinder the application of high-capacity SiO_(x)materials in lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we report the design and facile synthesis of a layer stacked SiO_(x)microparticle(LS-SiO_(x))material,which presents a stacking structure of SiO_(x)layers with abundant disconnected interstices.This LS-SiO_(x)microparticle can effectively accommodate the volume expansion,while ensuring negligible particle expansion.More importantly,the interstices within SiO_(x)microparticle are disconnected from each other,which efficiently prevent the electrolyte from infiltration into the interior,achieving stable electrode/-electrolyte interface.Accordingly,the LS-SiO_(x)material without any coating delivers ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency,outstanding cycling stability,and full-cell applicability.Only 6 cycles can attain>99.92%Coulombic efficiency and the capacity retention at 0.05 A g^(-1)for 100 cycles exceeds99%.After 800 cycles at 1 A g^(-1),the thickness swelling of LS-SiO_(x)electrode is as low as 0.87%.Moreover,the full cell with pure LS-SiO_(x)anode exhibits capacity retention of 91.2%after 300 cycles at 0.2 C.This work provides a novel concept and effective approach to rationally design silicon-based and other electrode materials with huge volume variation for electrochemical energy storage applications.展开更多
Portal hypertension is a common disease with high mortality and serious influence on the life quality of patients. At present, shunt and disconnection are commonly used for the treatment of portal hyperten- sion. In r...Portal hypertension is a common disease with high mortality and serious influence on the life quality of patients. At present, shunt and disconnection are commonly used for the treatment of portal hyperten- sion. In recent years, combined procedures of shunt and disconnection have evoked the potential interest of surgeons. Initial experimental studies and clinical observations showed that the combined procedures are ideal for treating portal hypertension. Transju- gular intrahepatic portacaval shunt (TIPS) is a new minimally invasive technique in treating portal hy- pertension. Some surgeons have tried to perform dis- connection under laparoscopy with success. Liver transplantation will be the focus of portal hyperten- sion surgery in the future.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the significance of intraopera- tive reassessment of liver function reserve in the se- lection of surgical procedures to optimize therapeutic results in the treatment of portal hypertension. Met...Objective: To evaluate the significance of intraopera- tive reassessment of liver function reserve in the se- lection of surgical procedures to optimize therapeutic results in the treatment of portal hypertension. Methods: The data of 146 patients with portal hyper- tension treated in the past 10 years were retrospec- tively reviewed. Posthepatitis cirrhosis was found in 118 patients, schistosomial cirrhosis in 6, alcoholic cirrhosis in 1, mixed cirrhosis in 5, and other disea- ses in 16. According to Child's criteria, 45 patients were classified into class A, 92 class B, and 9 class C. At operation, 33 patients were reclassified into class A, 78 class B, and 35 class C. Disconnection procedure was performed in 89 patients (61. 0%) and shunt procedure in 57 (39. 0 %). These opera- tions included prophylactic operations in 27 patients (18. 5 %) and emergency disconnection operations in 2 (1. 4%). Results: One patient (0. 7 %) died of upper gastroin- testinal bleeding during operation. Early rebleeding following operation occurred in 9 patients (6. 1%) (disconnection in 5 patients and shunt in 4). Early encephalopathy after operation occurred in 2 patients (1. 4 %) (disconnection in 1 patient and shunt in 1). A total of 98 patients (67. 6%) (disconnection in 61 patients and shunt in 37) were followed up (6 months to 9 years). Bleeding occurred again in 12 patients (12. 2 %) (disconnection in 9 patients and shunt in 3) 17 months after operation (4 to 41 months). Late encephalopathy occurred in 6 shunt patients at 19 months (3-40 months). The late re- bleeding rates of shunt patients and disconnection pa- tients were 8.1% (3/37 patients) and 14. 9 % (9/ 61) (P>0. 05) respectively. The late encephalopathy rates of shunt patients and disconnection patients were 16. 2% (6/37) and 0% (0/61) respectively (P <0. 01). Eight patients (5. 5 %) died of upper gas- trointestinal bleeding (2), hepatic failure (3), liver cancer (2), and rectal cancer (1) in the period of follow-up. Conclusions: The success and effectiveness of surgical procedures for portal hypertension are closely related to the status of patient's liver function reserve. In- tra-operative reassessment of hepatic function reserve is crucial. Selection of procedures based on patient's hepatic function reserve, local anatomical conditions and surgeon's experience would optimize therapeutic results.展开更多
Immune cell accumulation and white matter anomaly are common features of HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)-infected patients in combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) era.Neuroimaging tests on cART treated patients ...Immune cell accumulation and white matter anomaly are common features of HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)-infected patients in combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) era.Neuroimaging tests on cART treated patients displayed prominent diffuse white matter lesions.Notably,immune cell nodular lesion(NL) was a conspicuous type of pathological change in HIV/SIV(simian immunodeficiency virus) infected brain before cART.Therefore,we used SIV infected brain to investigate the distribution of those NLs in gray and white matters.We found a significant higher number of NLs in white matter than that in gray matter.However,virus infection correlated with macrophage NLs but not with microglia NLs,especially in white matter.In addition,NLs interrupted white matter integrity more severely,since even tiny nodules could disconnect nerve fibers in white matter tracts.In the gray matter with dense myelinated axons,NLs obviously encroached those fibers;in the area of few myelinated axons,small nodules well co-localized with extracellular matrix between neurons.展开更多
Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure an...Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure and grotesque stagecraft.展开更多
Chinese culture has been disrupted and distorted for several times during its history. Two cases are introduced to discuss how the Chinese culture was affected by the various factors. Some cultural legacies of China m...Chinese culture has been disrupted and distorted for several times during its history. Two cases are introduced to discuss how the Chinese culture was affected by the various factors. Some cultural legacies of China may be lost, and the way for remedy is to keep Chinese culture open up and in a competitive environment.展开更多
文摘Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879161).
文摘The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.
基金supported by grants from the Talent Train-ing Plan of Army Medical University(XZ-2019-505-070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270687)。
文摘Background:The hepatic artery is the only blood source nourishing the biliary duct and associated with biliary complication after liver transplantation(LT).Gastroduodenal artery(GDA)disconnection increased proper hepatic artery flow.Whether this procedure attenuates biliary non-anastomotic stricture(NAS)is not clear.Methods:A total of 241 patients with LT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the GDA disconnection(GDA-)and GDA preservation(GDA+)groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was administrated to reduce bias.Logistic regression was conducted to analyze risk factors for biliary NAS before and after PSM.Postoperative complications were compared.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival.Results:In all,99 patients(41.1%)underwent GDA disconnection,and 49(20.3%)developed NAS.Multivariate logistic regression revealed that GDA preservation(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.11-4.53;P=0.025)and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score>15(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.12-4.11;P=0.022)were risk factors for biliary NAS.PSM provided 66 pairs using 1:2 matching method,including 66 GDA disconnection and 99 GDA preservation patients.Multivariate logistic regression after PSM also showed that GDA preservation(OR=3.15,95%CI:1.26-7.89;P=0.014)and MELD score>15(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.08-5.36;P=0.031)were risk factors for NAS.When comparing complications between the two groups,GDA preservation was associated with a higher incidence of biliary NAS before and after PSM(P=0.031 and 0.017,respectively).In contrast,other complications including early allograft dysfunction(P=0.620),small-for-size graft syndrome(P=0.441),abdominal hemorrhage(P=1.000),major complications(Clavien-Dindo grade≥3,P=0.318),and overall survival(P=0.088)were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:GDA disconnection during LT ameliorates biliary NAS incidence and may be recommended for application in clinical practice.
文摘Trabecular bone disconnection “hotspots” of real termini (ReTm) previously mapped as loci of weakness in the female aging spine and hip may be a source of free-floating cancellous segments found in the medullary space using a bespoke, thick slice histological method for identifying ReTm. A factor in their origin is apparently microdamage proliferation (differentiated by en bloc silver staining) with occasional callus moderation. Validation of similar “floating segments” (FS) in the ex-breeder rat suggested a pilot model for a potentially common phenomenon. Following marrow elution and density fractionation of the isolated floating segments from the whole proximal rat femora, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental microanalysis (EDS) was performed. The eluent contained numbers of vertically truncated, laterally branched floating segments (acute severance of sequential tensile cross-struts, causing chronic compression overload of axial-struts, with ii) inadequate stabilising callus, facilitating ReTm stacking into predetermined, substructural “crumple zones” of force containment, spheroidal attrition and particulate dissociation. As a catabolic outcome of altered tensile and hormonal influence, FS number may add a novel variable to cancellous bone kinetics particularly in women of relevance to fracture predisposition.
文摘Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.
文摘With internet and smartphone usage increasing every year,seniors are being exposed to digital media,either actively or passively.To better integrate into the information society for the elderly,efforts are also needed to clarify the causes of their digital disconnection and develop appropriate solutions.In this study,semi-structured interviews are utilized to investigate the self-adjustment and external intervention of the elderly in the age of digital media and to explore the ways,causes,and effects of digital disconnection of the elderly.The focus issue of this study is to clarify the subjective and objective factors of digital disconnection,especially cognitive problems,group influences,and technological access barriers in the elderly population concerning digital devices and the Internet.
基金The Science Fund of Health Bureau of Tianjin,No.2013KZ046
文摘Extensive lesions involving the posterior quadrant of the cerebral hemisphere (temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) induce intractable epilepsy. These patients are potential candidates for surgical treatmenttu. Maintenance of isolated nerve tissue activity after surgery plays a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of neurosurgery treatment. Disconnection surgery of the posterior quadrant is used to completely isolate nerve fibers, while blood supply at the isolated lobes is maintained. Subsequently, cavities caused by cystic or necrotic nerve tissues should be reduced as much as possible,
文摘Interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (IDS), described by Sperry, Gazzaniga and Bogen, is characterized by the presence of visual and tactile anomia, absence of interhemispheric transference of unilateral somatosensory stimulation of both hands, hemialexia and unilateral left-side apraxia. Subsequently, changes were also observed in the sensory interhemispheric transfer and in tests of crossed motor control. In Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) there have been descriptions of partial IDS. The aim is to describe the dissociations in IDS that are presented in a patient with MBD, using a specialized assessment methodology. Patient and Method: A 54-year-old patient, righthanded, with 11 years of schooling, presented with antecedent chronic alcoholism. Neuropsychological tests were administered for general assessment along with specific tests of interhemispheric transference. Results: Borderline changes were found in visual memory, visual-constructive abilities and attention and executive functioning. In tasks of interhemispheric transference the patient showed changes in: the imitation of hand poses;inter-manual pressure point localization (tactile stimulation);reading aloud of words by visual hemifield;and movement control. Conclusion: Our patient showed a wide lesion of the Corpus Callosum (CC) with relative preservation of the splenium, accompanied by partial disconnection syndrome in the context of a global cognitive deterioration from his chronic alcoholism.
文摘The stability and reliability of links in wireless networks is dependent on a number of factors such as the topology of the area, inter-base station or inter-mobile station distances, weather conditions and so on. Link instability in wireless networks has a negative impact on the data throughput and thus, the overall quality of user experience, even in the presence of sufficient bandwidth. An estimation of link quality and link availability duration can drastically increase the performance of these networks, allowing the network or applications to take proactive measures to handle impending disconnections. In this paper we look at a mathematical model for predicting disconnection in wireless networks. This model is originally intended to be implemented in base stations of cellular networks, but is independent of the wireless technology and can thus be applied to different types of networks with minimum changes.
基金the support of Intelie Soucoes em Informáica LTDA
文摘In order to avoid mistakes and to save a great deal of time in analysis, an innovative methodology was developed that can analyze the well operations and rig characteristics involved to define the best emergency disconnect sequence (EDS) available. A solution was developed based on the characteristics of the rigs and blowout preventers (BOPs), and six variables were considered that directly affect the choice of EDS. All possible combinations of 64 scenarios were analyzed, and the priority of choice of the EDS was defined empirically. This paper presents an approach to EDS risk management and examples of exposure time (time without riser safety margin and shear capability) for the same well, which can be lowered from 13% to 0.1%. The impact of this reduction is related to the ability of the BOP to cut some of the heavy casings, in addition to improved availability of EDS modes. This implementation opened up many possibilities for the performance of risk exposure analysis, enabling comparison of several BOP configurations of contracted rigs and selection of the best options. This innovative approach allowed a better management of the rig schedules, prioritizing safety aspects and making it possible to allocate the fleet in a systematic way.
文摘Chyluria is a disease that may severely debilitate a patient's health condition. Some investigations have indicated that in patients with chyluria, part of the uptake fat and protein leaks from the urine.Thus, recurrent chyluria may result in malnutrition. In addition, with nearly one half of the body's the urine, depressed regulatory lymphocytes lost through functions of the lymphatic system may cause illnesses following immune deficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to provide effective and active medical care for chyluria patients. The purpose of surgical treatment is to eliminate lymphatic fistula and decrease intralymphatic pressure. We recently performed retroperitoneoscopic renal pedical lymphatic disconnection for 78 cases of chyluria patients in our hospital between April 2003 and June 2007. We herein summarize our experience as follows.
基金support of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071284 and 51771172)support from NSERC Discovery grant(No.RGPIN-05834-2019)。
文摘Grain boundary(GB)mediated deformation is a vital contributor to the plasticity of polycrystalline materials,where the disconnection model has become a widely recognized approach to depict the GB dynamics.However,experimental understanding of the atomistic disconnection dynamics remains scarce.In this case study of gold nanocrystals,atomistic disconnection dynamics governing the shear-coupled migration of flat GBs have been systematically investigated via in situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing supported by molecular dynamics simulations.Specifically,the site-dependent nucleation,shear-driven propagation,and diverse interactions associated with distinct GB disconnections are systematically elucidated and quantitatively compared.Moreover,the disconnection-mediated GB plasticity proves to prevail among different tilt and mixed GBs in gold.Eventually,a conceptual map of disconnection-mediated GB dynamics is established,which would furnish a unified understanding of GB plasticity in metallic materials.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11871034)。
文摘An edge-cut of an edge-colored connected graph is called a rainbow cut if no two edges in the edge-cut are colored the same.An edge-colored graph is rainbow disconnected if for any two distinct vertices u and v of the graph,there exists a rainbow cut separating u and v.For a connected graph G,the rainbow disconnection number of G,denoted by rd(G),is defined as the smallest number of colors required to make G rainbow disconnected.In this paper,we first give some upper bounds for rd(G),and moreover,we completely characterize the graphs which meet the upper bounds of the NordhausGaddum type result obtained early by us.Secondly,we propose a conjecture that for any connected graph G,either rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)or rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1,whereλ^(+)(G)is the upper edge-connectivity,and prove that the conjecture holds for many classes of graphs,which supports this conjecture.Moreover,we prove that for an odd integer k,if G is a k-edge-connected k-regular graph,thenχ’(G)=k if and only if rd(G)=k.It implies that there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)for odd k,and also there are infinitely many k-edge-connected k-regular graphs G for which rd(G)=λ^(+)(G)+1 for odd k.For k=3,the result gives rise to an interesting result,which is equivalent to the famous Four-Color Problem.Finally,we give the relationship between rd(G)of a graph G and the rainbow vertex-disconnection number rvd(L(G))of the line graph L(G)of G.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51634003)。
文摘Severe mechanical fractu re and unstable interphase,associated with the large volumetric expansion/contraction,significantly hinder the application of high-capacity SiO_(x)materials in lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we report the design and facile synthesis of a layer stacked SiO_(x)microparticle(LS-SiO_(x))material,which presents a stacking structure of SiO_(x)layers with abundant disconnected interstices.This LS-SiO_(x)microparticle can effectively accommodate the volume expansion,while ensuring negligible particle expansion.More importantly,the interstices within SiO_(x)microparticle are disconnected from each other,which efficiently prevent the electrolyte from infiltration into the interior,achieving stable electrode/-electrolyte interface.Accordingly,the LS-SiO_(x)material without any coating delivers ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency,outstanding cycling stability,and full-cell applicability.Only 6 cycles can attain>99.92%Coulombic efficiency and the capacity retention at 0.05 A g^(-1)for 100 cycles exceeds99%.After 800 cycles at 1 A g^(-1),the thickness swelling of LS-SiO_(x)electrode is as low as 0.87%.Moreover,the full cell with pure LS-SiO_(x)anode exhibits capacity retention of 91.2%after 300 cycles at 0.2 C.This work provides a novel concept and effective approach to rationally design silicon-based and other electrode materials with huge volume variation for electrochemical energy storage applications.
文摘Portal hypertension is a common disease with high mortality and serious influence on the life quality of patients. At present, shunt and disconnection are commonly used for the treatment of portal hyperten- sion. In recent years, combined procedures of shunt and disconnection have evoked the potential interest of surgeons. Initial experimental studies and clinical observations showed that the combined procedures are ideal for treating portal hypertension. Transju- gular intrahepatic portacaval shunt (TIPS) is a new minimally invasive technique in treating portal hy- pertension. Some surgeons have tried to perform dis- connection under laparoscopy with success. Liver transplantation will be the focus of portal hyperten- sion surgery in the future.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the significance of intraopera- tive reassessment of liver function reserve in the se- lection of surgical procedures to optimize therapeutic results in the treatment of portal hypertension. Methods: The data of 146 patients with portal hyper- tension treated in the past 10 years were retrospec- tively reviewed. Posthepatitis cirrhosis was found in 118 patients, schistosomial cirrhosis in 6, alcoholic cirrhosis in 1, mixed cirrhosis in 5, and other disea- ses in 16. According to Child's criteria, 45 patients were classified into class A, 92 class B, and 9 class C. At operation, 33 patients were reclassified into class A, 78 class B, and 35 class C. Disconnection procedure was performed in 89 patients (61. 0%) and shunt procedure in 57 (39. 0 %). These opera- tions included prophylactic operations in 27 patients (18. 5 %) and emergency disconnection operations in 2 (1. 4%). Results: One patient (0. 7 %) died of upper gastroin- testinal bleeding during operation. Early rebleeding following operation occurred in 9 patients (6. 1%) (disconnection in 5 patients and shunt in 4). Early encephalopathy after operation occurred in 2 patients (1. 4 %) (disconnection in 1 patient and shunt in 1). A total of 98 patients (67. 6%) (disconnection in 61 patients and shunt in 37) were followed up (6 months to 9 years). Bleeding occurred again in 12 patients (12. 2 %) (disconnection in 9 patients and shunt in 3) 17 months after operation (4 to 41 months). Late encephalopathy occurred in 6 shunt patients at 19 months (3-40 months). The late re- bleeding rates of shunt patients and disconnection pa- tients were 8.1% (3/37 patients) and 14. 9 % (9/ 61) (P>0. 05) respectively. The late encephalopathy rates of shunt patients and disconnection patients were 16. 2% (6/37) and 0% (0/61) respectively (P <0. 01). Eight patients (5. 5 %) died of upper gas- trointestinal bleeding (2), hepatic failure (3), liver cancer (2), and rectal cancer (1) in the period of follow-up. Conclusions: The success and effectiveness of surgical procedures for portal hypertension are closely related to the status of patient's liver function reserve. In- tra-operative reassessment of hepatic function reserve is crucial. Selection of procedures based on patient's hepatic function reserve, local anatomical conditions and surgeon's experience would optimize therapeutic results.
基金supported by R01 NS063878,R01 NS077873 and P30 MH062261(to H.X.and H.S.F.)。
文摘Immune cell accumulation and white matter anomaly are common features of HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)-infected patients in combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) era.Neuroimaging tests on cART treated patients displayed prominent diffuse white matter lesions.Notably,immune cell nodular lesion(NL) was a conspicuous type of pathological change in HIV/SIV(simian immunodeficiency virus) infected brain before cART.Therefore,we used SIV infected brain to investigate the distribution of those NLs in gray and white matters.We found a significant higher number of NLs in white matter than that in gray matter.However,virus infection correlated with macrophage NLs but not with microglia NLs,especially in white matter.In addition,NLs interrupted white matter integrity more severely,since even tiny nodules could disconnect nerve fibers in white matter tracts.In the gray matter with dense myelinated axons,NLs obviously encroached those fibers;in the area of few myelinated axons,small nodules well co-localized with extracellular matrix between neurons.
文摘Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure and grotesque stagecraft.
文摘Chinese culture has been disrupted and distorted for several times during its history. Two cases are introduced to discuss how the Chinese culture was affected by the various factors. Some cultural legacies of China may be lost, and the way for remedy is to keep Chinese culture open up and in a competitive environment.