Determination of ultimate bearing capacity of uplift piles using intact and non-intact load−displacement curve

Based on the field destructive test of six rock-socketed piles with shallow overburden,three prediction models are used to quantitatively analyze and predict the intact load−displacement curve.The predicted values of ultimate uplift capacity were further determined by four methods(displacement controlling method(DCM),reduction coefficient method(RCM),maximum curvature method(MCM),and critical stiffness method(CSM))and compared with the measured value.Through the analysis of the relationship between the change rate of pullout stiffness and displacement,a method used to determine the ultimate uplift capacity via non-intact load−displacement curve was proposed.The results show that the predicted value determined by DCM is more conservative,while the predicted value determined by MCM is larger than the measured value.This suggests that RCM and CSM in engineering applications can be preferentially applied.Moreover,the development law of the change rate of pullout stiffness with displacement agrees well with the attenuation form of power function.The theoretical predicted results of ultimate uplift capacity based on the change rate of pullout stiffness will not be affected by the integrity of the curve.The method is simple and applicable for the piles that are not loaded to failure state,and thus provides new insights into ultimate uplift capacity determination of test piles.

Powell dynamic identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box based on FCSE theory

The FCSE controlling equation of pinned thinwalled curve box was derived and the indeterminate problem of continuous thin-walled curve box with diaphragm was solved based on flexibility theory. With Bayesian statistical theory,dynamic Bayesian error function of displacement parameters of indeterminate curve box was founded. The corresponding formulas of dynamic Bayesian expectation and variance were deduced. Combined with one-dimensional Fibonacci automatic search scheme of optimal step size,the Powell optimization theory was utilized to research the stochastic identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box. Then the identification steps were presented in detail and the corresponding calculation procedure was compiled. Through some classic examples,it is obtained that stochastic performances of systematic parameters and systematic responses are simultaneously deliberated in dynamic Bayesian error function. The one-dimensional optimization problem of the optimal step size is solved by adopting Fibonacci search method. And the Powell identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box has satisfied numerical stability and convergence,which demonstrates that the presented method and the compiled procedure are correct and reliable.During parameters鈥？iterative processes,the Powell theory is irrelevant with the calculation of finite curve strip element（FCSE） partial differentiation,which proves high computation effciency of the studied method.

Dynamic Bayesian estimation of displacement parameters of continuous curve box based on Novozhilov theory

The finite strip controlling equation of pinned curve box was deduced on basis of Novozhilov theory and with flexibility method, and the problem of continuous curve box was resolved. Dynamic Bayesian error function of displacement parameters of continuous curve box was found. The corresponding formulas of dynamic Bayesian expectation and variance were derived. After the method of solving the automatic search of step length was put forward, the optimization estimation computing formulas were also obtained by adapting conjugate gradient method. Then the steps of dynamic Bayesian estimation were given in detail. Through analysis of a Classic example, the criterion of judging the precision of the known information is gained as well as some other important conclusions about dynamic Bayesian stochastic estimation of displacement parameters of continuous curve box.

Prediction of Load-Displacement Curve of Flexible Pipe Carcass Under Radial Compression Based on Residual Neural Network

The carcass layer of flexible pipe comprises a large-angle spiral structure with a complex interlocked stainless steel cross-section profile, which is mainly used to resist radial load. With the complex structure of the carcass layer, an equivalent simplified model is used to study the mechanical properties of the carcass layer. However, the current equivalent carcass model only considers the elastic deformation, and this simplification leads to huge errors in the calculation results. In this study, radial compression experiments were carried out to make the carcasses to undergo plastic deformation. Subsequently, a residual neural network based on the experimental data was established to predict the load-displacement curves of carcasses with different inner diameter in plastic states under radial compression.The established neural network model’s high precision was verified by experimental data, and the influence of the number of input variables on the accuracy of the neural network was discussed. The conclusion shows that the residual neural network model established based on the experimental data of the small-diameter carcass layer can predict the load-displacement curve of the large-diameter carcass layer in the plastic stage. With the decrease of input data, the prediction accuracy of residual network model in plasticity stage will decrease.

Parameter Identification Based on Force-Displacement Curves for a Bolted Joint Finite Element Model

In order to identify the uncertain parameters of a bolted joint finite element model,a simple and applicable way of parameter identification is introduced.By utilizing numerical simulation with the Abaqus software and experimental investigation with the MTS material testing system,the tangential force-displacement curves that reflect the characteristics of the bolted joint were acquired.On the basis of this,by employing the response surface methodology（RSM）and genetic algorithms（GAs）,parameters in the FEM model were identified.The force-displacement curves by both virtual and experimental approaches are well correlated at the end.This phenomenon-based parameter identification method may help facilitate precise prediction of complex jointed connection structures.

Method for determining the position of landslide slip-surface with a typical inclinometric curves

In the actual monitoring of deep hole displacement,the identification of slip surfaces is primarily based on abrupt changes observed in the inclinometric curve.In conventional identification methods,inclinometric curves exhibiting indications of sliding can be categorized into three types:B-type,D-type,and r-type.The position of the slip surface is typically determined by identifying the depth corresponding to the point of maximum displacement mutation.However,this method is sensitive to the interval of measurement points and the observation scale of the coordinate axes and suffers from unclear sliding surfaces and uncertain values.Based on the variation characteristics of these diagonal curves,we classified the landslide into three components:the sliding body,the sliding interval,and the immobile body.Moreover,three different generalization models were established to analyze the relationships between the curve form and the slip surface location based on different physical indicators such as displacement rate,relative displacement,and acceleration.The results show that the displacement rate curves of an r-type slope exhibit a clustering feature in the sliding interval,and by solving for the depth of discrete points within the step phase,it is possible to determine the location of the slip surface.On the other hand,D-type slopes have inflection points in the relative displacement curve located at the slip surface.The acceleration curves of B-type slopes exhibit clustering characteristics during the sliding interval,while the scattered acceleration data demonstrate wandering characteristics.Consequently,the slip surface location can be revealed by solving the depth corresponding to the maximum acceleration with cubic spline interpolation.The approach proposed in this paper was applied to the monitoring data of a landslide in Yunnan Province,China.The results indicate that our approach can accurately identify the slip surface location and enable computability of its position,thereby enhancing applicability and reliability of the deep-hole displacement monitoring data.

ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL INFLUENCE IN A GROWTH CURVE MODEL WITH RAO'S SIMPLE COVARIANCE STRUCTURE

The present paper deals with the problem of assessing the local influence in a growth curve model with Rao's simple covariance structure. Based on the likelihood displacement,the curvature measure is employed to evaluate the effects of some minor perturbations on the statistical inference, thus leading to the large curvature direction, which is the most critical diagnostic statistic in the context of the local influence analysis. As an application, the common covariance-weighted perturbation scheme is thoroughly considered.

Seismic displacement demand prediction in non-linear domain: Optimization of the N2 method

In Europe, computation of displacement demand for seismic assessment of existing buildings is essentially based on a simplified formulation of the N2 method as prescribed by Eurocode 8(EC8). However, a lack of accuracy of the N2 method in certain conditions has been pointed out by several studies. This paper addresses the assessment of effectiveness of the N2 method in seismic displacement demand determination in non-linear domain. The objective of this work is to investigate the accuracy of the N2 method through comparison with displacement demands computed using non-linear timehistory analysis(NLTHA). Results show that the original N2 method may lead to overestimation or underestimation of displacement demand predictions. This may affect results of mechanical model-based assessment of seismic vulnerability at an urban scale. Hence, the second part of this paper addresses an improvement of the N2 method formula by empirical evaluation of NLTHA results based on EC8 ground-classes. This task is formulated as a mathematical programming problem in which coefficients are obtained by minimizing the overall discrepancy between NLTHA and modified formula results. Various settings of the mathematical programming problem have been solved using a global optimization metaheuristic. An extensive comparison between the original N2 method formulation and optimized formulae highlights benefits of the strategy.

Classification Study on Relative Permeability Curves

The classification method of relative permeability curves is rarely reported, when relative permeability curves are applied;if the multiple relative permeability curves are normalized directly, but not classified, the calculated result maybe cause a large error. For example, the relationship curve between oil displacement efficiency and water cut, which derived from the relative permeability curve in LD oilfield is uncertain in the shape of low water cut stage. If being directly normalized, the result of the interpretation of the water flooded zone is very high. In this study, two problems were solved: 1) The mathematical equation of the relationship between oil displacement efficiency and water cut was deduced, and repaired the lost data of oil displacement efficiency and water cut curve, which solve the problem of uncertain curve shape. After analysis, the reason why the curve is not available is that relative permeability curves are not classified and optimized;2) Two kinds of classification and evaluation methods of relative permeability curve were put forward, the direct evaluation method and the analogy method;it can get the typical relative permeability curve by identifying abnormal curve.

BUCKLING OF SPATIAL CURVED RODS WITH CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTIONS

Formulae for determining Green strain of an initially curved and twisted rod with circular cross-sections are derived by using the natural (curvilinear) coordinate system. Finite element analyses are performed for the flexural buckling of initially curved and twisted thin rods under simultaneous action of axial force and torque. Numerical examples demonstrate that the given formulae are correcte. Some numerical results are compared with existing analytical solutions and data obtained by commercial FE software. The convergence of the proposed curved element is better than that of elements in the commercial FE software. It is shown that good accuracy and convergency are achieved by solving three-dimensional problems.

Monotricat, Innovative Displacement Hull High Hydrodynamic Efficiency and Energy Recovery, Navigating at Speeds of Planing Hulls on Spray Self-produced

The need to have naval units ever faster pushed the ship design to design hull shapes with increasingly higher performance thanks to the use of lightweight materials such as aluminum, and more powerful engines, etc., but without substantially modifying the traditional forms of hull. The hull patented Monotricat high hydrodynamic efficiency and energy saving it represents an evolution of the traditional architectures of the hulls, as its shape is adapted to recover wave formation engendered from the bow and sprays associated with it so as to reduce the resistance to the benefit of the speed, and navigating in displacement at speeds of planing hulls with an efficiency of about 20%. The patented hull Monotricat represents the overcoming of distinction between displacement and planing hulls, because, unlike previous solutions, the hull conventionally called Monotricat is the first displacement hull that can navigate at both displacement and planning speeds, with a resistance curve almost straight, maintaining the characteristics of a displacement hull, since it combines the characteristics of displacement and planning hull. It presents an innovative architecture that could be defined as a hybrid between a monohull and catamaran, navigating on spray self-produced. The combination of these three types of naval hulls allows it to ensure： safety, comfort navigation, best seakeeping and maneuverability in restricted waters, stability, reduction of resistance to motion, cost management, regularity on the routes even in adverse weather-sea. These characteristics of the hull have been studied, tested and validated by leading research institutes and universities with more ameliorative results in each subsequent experimentation, reported in the present work, which demonstrated a greater hydrodynamic efficiency compared to conventional hulls of 20%.

Analytical study on the dynamic displacement response of a curved track subjected to moving loads

A closed-form out-of-plane dynamic displacement response of a curved track subjected to moving loads was proposed.The track structure was modeled as a planar curved Timoshenko beam periodically supported by the double-layer spring-damping elements.The general dynamic displacement response induced by the moving loads along the curve on the elastic semi-infinite space was firstly obtained in the frequency domain,according to the Duhamel integral and the dynamic reciprocity theorem.In the case of the periodic curved track structure subjected to moving loads,the dynamic displacement equation was simplified into a form of summation within the basic track cell instead of the integral.The transfer function for the curved track was expressed in the form of a transfer matrix.Single and series moving loads were involved in the calculation program.For the verification of the analytical model,the mid-span vertical deflection of a simply support curved beam subjected to moving load was recalculated and compared with the same case in the reference.The research results indicate that:under the same moving loads,the displacement response of the curved track decreases slightly with the increasing track radius,and the displacement response of the curved track with the radius greater than or equal to 600 m is almost equivalent to the displacement response of the straight track;the frequency spectrum of the curved track is more abundant than that of the straight track,which may result in more wheel-rail resonance and rail corrugation in the curved lines.

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂安装技术研究

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥纵向伸缩量大且变位复杂,是影响接触网腕臂偏移等系统能否正常、安全运行的重要因素,如何解决接触网腕臂安装、偏移调整与钢梁伸缩之间的协同配合,目前国内在此方面鲜有研究。通过阐述受导线伸缩影响的腕臂偏移机理和大跨度钢桁架桥梁体纵向伸缩机理,分析在不同接触网锚段布置方式下大跨度钢桁架桥梁体伸缩对腕臂偏移的影响,并采用逐工点分析法总结不同工况下钢梁伸缩与导线伸缩对腕臂偏移影响的相互关系,揭示了接触网腕臂安装曲线在导线伸缩及钢梁伸缩共同作用下的计算方法。结合典型案例计算分析,建议采用不同钢梁跨度下的推荐锚段布置方式能有效降低腕臂偏移量,并提出应重点关注伸缩缝两侧锚段腕臂偏移问题、腕臂偏移为叠加关系时缩小半锚长度、钢梁跨度大于720 m时应重点计算伸缩缝两侧双腕臂间距等优化事项。研究内容及计算公式可为系统性解决高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂偏移设计、施工及运营维护等技术难题提供理论支持。

考虑微观界面力学效应的低矿化度水驱渗流特征模型

为更好地描述低矿化度水驱的渗流特征,首先通过岩心驱替实验,验证了低矿化度水驱提高采收率的潜力。在此基础上,建立不同离子类型与矿物间微观界面作用的毛管束数学模型来模拟低矿化度水驱过程,通过岩心驱替实验进行模型验证,在相渗曲线拟合成功后,使用模型分析特征管径、离子价态与浓度对渗流的影响。结果表明:随着特征管径的减小,界面作用对采出程度的影响增加,当特征管径从20μm减小到5μm时,采出程度从2.9%扩大到30.5%,当毛管阻力较大时,常规水驱提高采收率效果有限,孔隙中存在大量残余油;低矿化度水驱可有效提高采收率,且离子价态是影响低矿化度水驱效果的主控因素,使用Na+的低矿化度水驱采出程度提高7.85百分点,而Ca2+则为4.83百分点。建立的毛管束模型可模拟不同离子类型与矿物间的低矿化度水驱效果,为油田现场的低矿化度水驱开发提供更好的理论指导。

多级耗能后张预应力筋预制节段墩的抗震性能分析

为提升节段墩的抗震性能,采用多级耗能方法实现多节段共同参与耗能.将耗能钢筋从节段墩底部向上依次穿过多个接缝,从而实现多级耗能.通过数值模拟,研究多级耗能节段墩体系的耗能能力,并针对三级耗能节段墩体系的轴压比和耗能钢筋配筋率进行参数分析.结果表明,多级耗能节段墩体系可以提高节段墩的耗能能力,而每一级别耗能体系存在耗能上限,且随多级耗能体系级别的提升而增加.在不同级别耗能体系中,耗能钢筋配筋率存在不同的临界值,一级耗能体系的耗能钢筋配筋率临界值为0.23%,二级耗能体系为1.31%.为获得较强的耗能能力,建议将耗能钢筋配筋率取值为1.31%,轴压比取值为0.1.

核心筒结构残余位移模型及恢复力模型研究

为了研究核心筒结构的残余位移及滞回特性,本文利用国内23个核心筒试件参数及拟静力试验结果,采用逐步回归分析建立了核心筒结构的残余位移预测模型,并据此给出了减小核心筒残余变形的措施与方法,基于三折线骨架模型,对屈服点、峰值点、极限点的荷载与位移进行计算分析,进而构建了核心筒结构的恢复力模型。研究结果表明:本文建立的核心筒结构残余位移预测模型与结构恢复力模型与试验结果吻合度较高,能够较为真实地反映核心筒结构的滞回特性,弥补了国内对于核心筒结构恢复力模型研究的不足,为核心筒在弹塑性分析领域以及残余位移控制方面提供一定理论依据。

基于绝对位移法的曲线梁桥多维多点弹塑性随机响应分析

针对当前地震动空间效应下曲线梁桥地震反应分析多采用确定性激励输入且忽略桥梁非线性的情况,采用了多维多点非平稳随机激励对曲线连续梁桥进行弹塑性响应分析。建立非线性有限元模型并降维解耦非平稳地震动非平稳演化功率谱(energy power spectral density,EPSD)矩阵,采用绝对位移法对桥梁进行非线性时程分析。考虑不同视波速、场地条件、相干性以及平稳与非平稳地震激励,综合分析了曲线连续梁桥的随机响应及其频域特性和时域特性。结果表明,地震动空间效应和地震动的非平稳性对曲线梁桥随机响应影响很大,其中地震动空间效应对桥梁随机响应大小及其频域分布有显著影响,而非平稳性会对随机响应大小及其时变响应趋势产生重要影响。因此,在曲线连续梁桥抗震分析中需充分考虑地震动空间效应和地震动非平稳性,以避免错误估计桥梁抗震性能。提供了全面的分析结果,对加强曲线连续梁桥的抗震设计和评估,从而提高其抗震性能和可靠性具有重要意义。

被动柔性防护系统中减压环力学性能研究

减压环是被动柔性防护系统中重要的耗能装置,深入研究减压环力-位移关系对减压环设计和被动柔性防护系统性能具有重要意义。基于“等能量”原则,提出一种减压环力-位移关系双折线简化模型的方法。考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的影响,采用LS-DYNA软件建立减压环有限元模型,模拟了减压环在匀速动荷载作用下的拉伸过程,研究了钢管壁厚、钢管管径、钢管环径、铝套筒长度、铝套筒厚度和预紧力大小等因素对双折线模型参数第一刚度、第二刚度及屈服强度的影响,并给出了3个参数的拟合公式。研究表明,改变钢管壁厚、管径或环径会有效改变减压环的力学性能和耗能能力,改变铝套筒的长度或厚度对减压环的力-位移曲线影响较小,但过小的铝套筒厚度容易导致套筒发生撕裂破坏。

CFRP筋钢纤维混凝土梁抗弯性能数值模拟

CFRP筋在强度、重量和耐腐蚀等性能上都表现出较大的优势,被越来越多地应用于建筑结构中。文中针对CFRP筋弹性模量低、延性较差的缺点提出假设,将掺入不同体积量的回收钢纤维到模型梁内部,两者协同作用来提高模型梁的抗弯性能。采用四点受弯和位移加载法,用ABAQUS进行数值分析。结果表明CFRP筋极限应力明显高于普通钢筋,同时回收钢纤维随着掺入量的增加,纤维与混凝土内部桥接作用越明显,有效阻碍裂缝扩展,增加模型梁受拉损伤性能,整体改善梁的抗弯承载力。研究可为CFRP筋、回收钢纤维对混凝土梁的抗弯力学性能影响提供可靠的数据支持和理论验证。

面料拉伸性能与运动文胸防震功能的定量关系

为探究面料拉伸性能与运动文胸防震功能之间的定量关系,选取6种不同针织面料,先分别测量不同面料拉伸率为30%时的弹性模量来表征其拉伸性能,然后将这6种面料作为罩杯部分用料制作文胸,其它部位为同种面料。以运动假人为实验对象,在其表面选取7个位置粘贴标记点,采用三维人体动作捕捉系统,采集实验对象在模拟10 km/h跑步过程中各标记点的坐标变化,并计算出各点在局部坐标系下的相对位移。以运动过程中运动文胸对乳房竖直位移的减小作用来表征其防震功能,通过曲线拟合与模型筛选得出面料拉伸性能与文胸防震功能的定量关系。结果表明:6款罩杯面料动态最大拉伸率均值为30%,说明实验中用拉伸率为30%时的弹性模量表征面料的拉伸性能较为合理。罩杯面料弹性模量与乳房竖直位移间存在显著负相关,即面料弹性模量越大,乳房竖直位移越小,表明文胸防震功能越好;幂函数模型可作为以罩杯面料弹性模量预测75C实验对象10 km/h跑步运动时乳房竖直位移的首选模型。未来可通过测量罩杯与乳房之间的静动态压力及乳房-罩杯整体刚度探究罩杯面料拉伸性能对文胸防震功能的影响机制。