Non-volatile dynamically switchable color display via chalcogenide stepwise cavity resonators

High-resolution multi-color printing relies upon pixelated optical nanostructures,which is crucial to promote color display by producing nonbleaching colors,yet requires simplicity in fabrication and dynamic switching.Antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is a newly rising chalcogenide material that possesses prompt and significant transition of its optical characteristics in the visible region between amorphous and crystalline phases,which holds the key to color-varying devices.Herein,we proposed a dynamically switchable color printing method using Sb_(2)S_(3)-based stepwise pixelated Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavities with various cavity lengths.The device was fabricated by employing a direct laser patterning that is a less timeconsuming,more approachable,and low-cost technique.As switching the state of Sb_(2)S_(3) between amorphous and crystalline,the multi-color of stepwise pixelated FP cavities can be actively changed.The color variation is due to the profound change in the refractive index of Sb_(2)S_(3) over the visible spectrum during its phase transition.Moreover,we directly fabricated sub-50 nm nano-grating on ultrathin Sb_(2)S_(3) laminate via microsphere 800-nm femtosecond laser irradiation in far field.The minimum feature size can be further decreased down to~45 nm(λ/17)by varying the thickness of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Ultrafast switchable Sb_(2)S_(3) photonic devices can take one step toward the next generation of inkless erasable papers or displays and enable information encryption,camouflaging surfaces,anticounterfeiting,etc.Importantly,our work explores the prospects of rapid and rewritable fabrication of periodic structures with nano-scale resolution and can serve as a guideline for further development of chalcogenide-based photonics components.

Atomic layer deposition in advanced display technologies:from photoluminescence to encapsulation

Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots and phosphors,etc.Nevertheless,the primary challenge preventing the practical application of these luminescent materials lies in meeting the required durability standards.Atomic layer deposition(ALD)has,therefore,been employed to stabilize luminescent materials,and as a result,flexible display devices have been fabricated through material modification,surface and interface engineering,encapsulation,cross-scale manufacturing,and simulations.In addition,the appropriate equipment has been developed for both spatial ALD and fluidized ALD to satisfy the low-cost,high-efficiency,and high-reliability manufacturing requirements.This strategic approach establishes the groundwork for the development of ultra-stable luminescent materials,highly efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs),and thin-film packaging.Ultimately,this significantly enhances their potential applicability in LED illumination and backlighted displays,marking a notable advancement in the display industry.

Dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates

Interactive holography offers unmatched levels of immersion and user engagement in the field of future display.Despite of the substantial progress has been made in dynamic meta-holography,the realization of real-time,highly smooth interactive holography remains a significant challenge due to the computational and display frame rate limitations.In this study,we introduced a dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates.To our knowledge,this is the first reported practical dynamic interactive metasurface holographic system.We spa-tially divided the metasurface device into multiple distinct channels,each projecting a reconstructed sub-pattern.The switching states of these channels were mapped to bitwise operations on a set of bit values,which avoids complex holo-gram computations,enabling an ultra-high computational frame rate.Our approach achieves a computational frame rate of 800 kHz and a display frame rate of 23 kHz on a low-power Raspberry Pi computational platform.According to this methodology,we demonstrated an interactive dynamic holographic Tetris game system that allows interactive gameplay,color display,and on-the-fly hologram creation.Our technology presents an inspiration for advanced dynamic meta-holography,which is promising for a broad range of applications including advanced human-computer interaction,real-time 3D visualization,and next-generation virtual and augmented reality systems.

Flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes for display applications and beyond

The flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes(FPeLEDs),which can be expediently integrated to portable and wearable devices,have shown great potential in various applications.The FPeLEDs inherit the unique optical properties of metal halide perovskites,such as tunable bandgap,narrow emission linewidth,high photoluminescence quantum yield,and particularly,the soft nature of lattice.At present,substantial efforts have been made for FPeLEDs with encouraging external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 24.5%.Herein,we summarize the recent progress in FPeLEDs,focusing on the strategy developed for perovskite emission layers and flexible electrodes to facilitate the optoelectrical and mechanical performance.In addition,we present relevant applications of FPeLEDs in displays and beyond.Finally,perspective toward the future development and applications of flexible PeLEDs are also discussed.

面向大数据管理决策研究的全景式PAGE框架

大数据和人工智能的飞速发展增加了管理决策领域的复杂性和动态性,也为研究和应用提供了广袤的拓新空间.全景式PAGE框架作为大数据管理决策研究的方向性框架,在大数据问题特征的映射下形成了一个4×3要素矩阵,在理论范式(P)、分析技术(A)、资源治理(G)、使能创新(E)的研究探索中发挥着重要作用.本文结合NSFC大数据重大研究计划的开展,进一步阐释全景式PAGE框架的内涵和关系逻辑,并面向领域情境讨论重要科学问题、求解路径和新知贡献.本文旨在从大数据管理决策研究的视角为大数据等颠覆性信息技术应用的相关研究提供前沿方向和创新突破上的启迪;同时为管理学科及其相关学科领域开展交叉属性强、应用情境差异化特点突出的科研攻关提供参考.

内蒙古地区传统发酵酸马奶不同发酵时期乳清蛋白SDS-PAGE分析

[目的]探究内蒙古地区传统酸马奶发酵过程中乳清蛋白的变化情况。[方法]以从内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗采集的马奶为原料制备传统发酵酸马奶,发酵温度为(22±2)℃,人工捣拌频率5次/d,每次300下;每隔12 h采集1次发酵0~96 h的酸马奶样品;离心提取酸马奶乳清蛋白样品,利用条件优化后的SDS-PAGE电泳技术分析酸马奶乳清蛋白在发酵过程中变化情况。[结果]优化后的SDS-PAGE电泳分析条件为:分离胶浓度12%,浓缩胶浓度5%,分离胶电泳电压180 V、电泳时间300 min,上样浓度0.5μg/μL,上样体积16μL,改良考马斯亮蓝法染色、脱色各12 h。在发酵0~12 h内,酸马奶乳清蛋白含量增加,在12 h时达到最高值(5.12μg/μL),之后随发酵时间延长呈下降趋势,发酵96 h时降低至3.92μg/μL。SDS-PAGE电泳图谱分析显示,在分子量10~70 kDa区间内共获得乳清蛋白有效条带13个。在发酵过程中,β-乳球蛋白、溶酶菌C和α-乳白蛋白3种蛋白质含量呈现不同程度的波动,发酵72 h时三者含量之和最高,占乳清蛋白总含量的85.73%,并且在发酵过程中始终保持较高水平,是传统发酵酸马奶发酵96 h内乳清蛋白的主要组分,其中,β-乳球蛋白含量最高,平均占乳清蛋白总含量的38.92%。分子量在20~40 kDa的酪蛋白含量在发酵24 h之后开始下降,至60 h时条带消失。分子量为10.33 kDa的蛋白质在发酵12 h内被消耗,60 h时再次出现且含量随发酵时间延长逐渐增加,在84 h时达到峰值,占乳清蛋白总含量的9.84%。分子量为49.80 kDa的蛋白质在发酵72 h之后开始出现,含量在96 h时达到乳清蛋白总含量的4.11%。与其他乳清蛋白组分相比,β-乳球蛋白和免疫球蛋白含量在发酵过程中变化较小。[结论]内蒙古地区传统发酵酸马奶在发酵96 h内,分子量为10~70 kDa的乳清蛋白含量表现出有规律的消长,主要被消化分解的蛋白质是酪蛋白。不同发酵阶段酸马奶乳清蛋白组成及含量存在一定差异,但原有主要组分β-乳球蛋白、溶酶菌C和α-乳白蛋白始终保持较高水平。自发酵中期开始,酸马奶乳清蛋白中相对分子质量较小的肽(10.33 kDa)所占比例逐渐升高,由此可见,传统发酵酸马奶中不仅保留马奶中乳清蛋白原有的营养价值,而且通过发酵还增添了易吸收的小分子量蛋白质。

SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳对驴皮胶及常见伪品胶中的蛋白分析研究

目的:研究驴皮胶及常见伪品胶马皮胶和牛皮胶的蛋白凝胶电泳行为。方法:自制3种皮胶,计算出胶率,BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定其蛋白含量,计算上样量,使上样量为20~30μg。垂直电泳仪进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,采用考马斯亮蓝及银染法显色。结果:3种皮胶的凝胶电泳行为相似,蛋白成分主要集中在分子量大于25 kDa段上,银染法灵敏度更高,可显示较多条带。结论:3种皮胶分子量分布宽泛,具有共同的条带,进一步可用多肽蛋白质谱鉴定技术对各混合物组分进行更深入分析。

Time-sequential color code division multiplexing holographic display with metasurface

Color metasurface holograms are powerful and versatile platforms for modulating the amplitude,phase,polarization,and other properties of light at multiple operating wavelengths.However,the current color metasurface holography can only realize static manipulation.In this study,we propose and demonstrate a multiplexing metasurface technique combined with multiwavelength code-division multiplexing(CDM)to realize dynamic manipulation.Multicolor code references are utilized to record information within a single metasurface and increase the information capacity and security for anticracks.A total of 48 monochrome images consisting of pure color characters and multilevel color video frames were reconstructed in dual polarization channels of the birefringent metasurface to exhibit high information density,and a video was displayed via sequential illumination of the corresponding code patterns to verify the ability of dynamic manipulation.Our approach demonstrates significant application potential in optical data storage,optical encryption,multiwavelengthversatile diffractive optical elements,and stimulated emission depletion microscopy.

Metasurfaces for near-eye display applications

Virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)are revolutionizing our lives.Near-eye displays are crucial technologies for VR and AR.Despite the rapid advances in near-eye display technologies,there are still challenges such as large field of view,high resolution,high image quality,natural free 3D effect,and compact form factor.Great efforts have been devoted to striking a balance between visual performance and device compactness.While traditional optics are nearing their limitations in addressing these challenges,ultra-thin metasurface optics,with their high light-modulating capabilities,may present a promising solution.In this review,we first introduce VR and AR near-eye displays,and then briefly explain the working principles of light-modulating metasurfaces,review recent developments in metasurface devices geared toward near-eye display applications,delved into several advanced natural 3D near-eye display technologies based on metasurfaces,and finally discuss about the remaining challenges and future perspectives associated with metasurfaces for near-eye display applications.

Humanoid Intelligent Display Platform for Audiovisual Interaction and Sound Identification

This study proposes a rational strategy for the design,fabrication and system integration of the humanoid intelligent display platform(HIDP)to meet the requirements of highly humanized mechanical properties and intelligence for human-machine interfaces.The platform’s sandwich structure comprises a middle lightemitting layer and surface electrodes,which consists of silicon elastomer embedded with phosphor and silk fibroin ionoelastomer,respectively.Both materials are highly stretchable and resilient,endowing the HIDP with skin-like mechanical properties and applicability in various extreme environments and complex mechanical stimulations.Furthermore,by establishing the numerical correlation between the amplitude change of animal sounds and the brightness variation,the HIDP realizes audiovisual interaction and successful identification of animal species with the aid of Internet of Things(IoT)and machine learning techniques.The accuracy of species identification reaches about 100%for 200 rounds of random testing.Additionally,the HIDP can recognize animal species and their corresponding frequencies by analyzing sound characteristics,displaying real-time results with an accuracy of approximately 99%and 93%,respectively.In sum,this study offers a rational route to designing intelligent display devices for audiovisual interaction,which can expedite the application of smart display devices in human-machine interaction,soft robotics,wearable sound-vision system and medical devices for hearing-impaired patients.

Integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with large viewing angle

Light field 3D display technology is considered a revolutionary technology to address the critical visual fatigue issues in the existing 3D displays.Tabletop light field 3D display provides a brand-new display form that satisfies multi-user shared viewing and collaborative works,and it is poised to become a potential alternative to the traditional wall and portable display forms.However,a large radial viewing angle and correct radial perspective and parallax are still out of reach for most current tabletop light field 3D displays due to the limited amount of spatial information.To address the viewing angle and perspective issues,a novel integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with a simple flat-panel structure is proposed and developed by applying a compound lens array,two spliced 8K liquid crystal display panels,and a light shaping diffuser screen.The compound lens array is designed to be composed of multiple three-piece compound lens units by employing a reverse design scheme,which greatly extends the radial viewing angle in the case of a limited amount of spatial information and balances other important 3D display parameters.The proposed display has a radial viewing angle of 68.7°in a large display size of 43.5 inches,which is larger than the conventional tabletop light field 3D displays.The radial perspective and parallax are correct,and high-resolution 3D images can be reproduced in large radial viewing positions.We envision that this proposed display opens up possibility for redefining the display forms of consumer electronics.

Recent progress in microbial cell surface display systems and their application on biosensors

Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane,which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides.Bacterial and yeast surface display systems are the most common cell surface display systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins,that are widely applied as the core elements in the field of biosensors due to their advantages,including enhanced stability,high yield,good safety,expression of larger and more complex proteins.To further promote the performance of biosensors,the biomineralized microbial surface display technology was proposed.This review summarized the different microbial surface display systems and the biomineralized surface display systems,where the mechanisms of surface display and biomineralization were introduced.Then we described the recent progress of their applications on biosensors for different types of detection targets.Finally,the outlooks and tendencies were discussed and forecasted with the expectation to provide some general functions and enlightenments to this aspect of research.

Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure(CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular.However,the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end(a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration)is not well determined.This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude(ΔCVP=CVPmax-CVPmin)during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total,291 patients were included in the study.CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient.CVP measurement difference(|CVP-mean-CVP-end|)was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end.TheΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak(CVPmax)and the nadir value(CVPmin)during the respiratory cycle,which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen.Subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg were divided into the inconsistent group,while subjects with|CVP-mean-CVP-end|2 mm Hg were divided into the consistent group.ResultsΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group[7.17(2.77)vs.5.24(2.18),P0.001]than that in the consistent group.There was a significantly positive relationship betweenΔCVP and|CVP-mean-CVP-end|(r=0.283,P 0.0001).Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was-0.61 mm Hg with a wide 95%limit of agreement(-3.34,2.10)of CVP-end and CVP-mean.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)ofΔCVP for predicting|CVP-mean-CVP-end|≥2 mm Hg was 0.709.With a high diagnostic specificity,usingΔCVP3 to detect|CVP-mean-CVP-end|lower than 2mm Hg(consistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37%and a specificity of 93.06%.UsingΔCVP8 to detect|CVP-mean-CVPend|8 mm Hg(inconsistent measurement)resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94%and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios.ΔCVP during the respiratory period is related to the variation of the two CVP methods.A highΔCVP indicates a poor agreement between these two methods,whereas a lowΔCVP indicates a good agreement between these two methods.

Fast and Stable Zinc Anode‑Based Electrochromic Displays Enabled by Bimetallically Doped Vanadate and Aqueous Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)Hybrid Electrolytes

Vanadates are a class of the most promising electrochromic materials for displays as their multicolor characteristics.However,the slow switching times and vanadate dissolution issues of recently reported vanadates significantly hinder their diverse practical applications.Herein,novel strategies are developed to design electrochemically stable vanadates having rapid switching times.We show that the interlayer spacing is greatly broadened by introducing sodium and lanthanum ions into V_(3)O_(8)interlayers,which facilitates the transportation of cations and enhances the electrochemical kinetics.In addition,a hybrid Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)electrolyte is designed to inhibit vanadate dissolution while significantly accelerating electrochemical kinetics.As a result,our electrochromic displays yield the most rapid switching times in comparison with any reported Zn-vanadate electrochromic displays.It is envisioned that stable vanadate-based electrochromic displays having video speed switching are appearing on the near horizon.

Identification and epitope mapping of anti-p72 single-chain antibody against African swine fever virus based on phage display antibody library

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a lethal pathogen that causes severe threats to the global swine industry and it has already had catastrophic socio-economic effects.To date,no licensed prophylactic vaccine exists.Limited knowledge exists about the major immunogens of ASFV and the epitope mapping of the key antigens.As such,there is a considerable requirement to understand the functional monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)and the epitope mapping may be of utmost importance in our understanding of immune responses and designing improved vaccines,therapeutics,and diagnostics.In this study,we generated an ASFV antibody phage-display library from ASFV convalescent swine PBMCs,further screened a specific ASFV major capsid protein(p72)single-chain antibody and fused with an IgG Fc fragment(scFv-83-Fc),which is a specific recognition antibody against ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018 strain.Using the scFv-83-Fc mAb,we selected a conserved epitope peptide(221MTGYKH226)of p72 retrieved from a phage-displayed random peptide library.Moreover,flow cytometry and cell uptake experiments demonstrated that the epitope peptide can significantly promote BMDCs maturation in vitro and could be effectively uptaken by DCs,which indicated its potential application in vaccine and diagnostic reagent development.Overall,this study provided a valuable platform for identifying targets for ASFV vaccine development,as well as to facilitate the optimization design of subunit vaccine and diagnostic reagents.

Design Strategy of Digital Display Based on the Concept of Service Design

Based on the analysis of the concept,core,research content and method of service design,this paper explains the necessity of service design to participate in digital display,and further discusses how service design integrates with digital display,how to redesign the digital display system under the intervention of service design,and how to integrate user needs into it at all times.Finally,the design strategy of digital display under the concept of service design is proposed.

Ranking of Web Pages in a Personalized Search

The basic idea behind a personalized web search is to deliver search results that are tailored to meet user needs, which is one of the growing concepts in web technologies. The personalized web search presented in this paper is based on exploiting the implicit feedbacks of user satisfaction during her web browsing history to construct a user profile storing the web pages the user is highly interested in. A weight is assigned to each page stored in the user’s profile;this weight reflects the user’s interest in this page. We name this weight the relative rank of the page, since it depends on the user issuing the query. Therefore, the ranking algorithm provided in this paper is based on the principle that;the rank assigned to a page is the addition of two rank values R_rank and A_rank. A_rank is an absolute rank, since it is fixed for all users issuing the same query, it only depends on the link structures of the web and on the keywords of the query. Thus, it could be calculated by the PageRank algorithm suggested by Brin and Page in 1998 and used by the google search engine. While, R_rank is the relative rank, it is calculated by the methods given in this paper which depends mainly on recording implicit measures of user satisfaction during her previous browsing history.

Weighted PageRank Algorithm Search Engine Ranking Model for Web Pages

As data grows in size,search engines face new challenges in extracting more relevant content for users’searches.As a result,a number of retrieval and ranking algorithms have been employed to ensure that the results are relevant to the user’s requirements.Unfortunately,most existing indexes and ranking algo-rithms crawl documents and web pages based on a limited set of criteria designed to meet user expectations,making it impossible to deliver exceptionally accurate results.As a result,this study investigates and analyses how search engines work,as well as the elements that contribute to higher ranks.This paper addresses the issue of bias by proposing a new ranking algorithm based on the PageRank(PR)algorithm,which is one of the most widely used page ranking algorithms We pro-pose weighted PageRank(WPR)algorithms to test the relationship between these various measures.The Weighted Page Rank(WPR)model was used in three dis-tinct trials to compare the rankings of documents and pages based on one or more user preferences criteria.Thefindings of utilizing the Weighted Page Rank model showed that using multiple criteria to rankfinal pages is better than using only one,and that some criteria had a greater impact on ranking results than others.

Laser patterning of large-scale perovskite single-crystal-based arrays for single-mode laser displays

Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.

An Investigation of the Effects of Thermal Interference between Adjacent Nitinol Spring Actuators in a Tactile Display

Over the years, there has been increased research interest in the application of Nitinol as an actuator, due to its shape memory behaviour, simplicity, high power-to-weight ratio, compactness, and extreme high fatigue resistance to cyclic motion, and noiseless operation. Nitinol has found application in tactile displays which reproduce tactile parameters such as texture and shape, depending on the application. This paper presents the effects of thermal interference between adjacent Nitinol spring actuators in a tactile display. The tactile display is made of a 3 by 3 pin array whose spatial resolution was varied from 4 mm to 6 mm in steps of 1 mm while a current of 1.5 A was used to actuate 8 of the springs, and the centre spring was left unactivated to observe the thermal effects on it due to the heat gradient formed. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics and the results were further verified through experimentation. In both cases, there was visible thermal interference between actuators. The increase in spatial resolution saw a decrease in thermal interference by 12.7%. Using a fan to introduce forced convection, reduced the thermal interference in the simulation by 20% and during experimentation by 11%. The results of this research indicate a spatial resolution of 6 mm reduced the thermal inference to a negligible rate. However, thermal interference could not be eliminated with these two methods.