Small Claims Court in Environmental Disputes Resolution to Support the Realization of Sustainable Development

An appropriate business dispute resolution will ensure that the parties involved would not have to spend too much time and cost to resolve their case. There are two ways to resolve business disputes, through litigation and non-litigation process. The non-litigation process mainly depends upon the agreement of the parties involved and does not have a formally binding force upon them. Although the non-litigation process is more preferred in resolving business disputes, sometimes it does not completely resolve the issue. A specific business dispute resolution procedure such as the mechanism of small claims court （an informal court） is required. The objectives of the small claims court are to settle cases in prompt and cost-effective manner, and to avoid lengthy and complex formal legal procedures. Although it is still a part of the litigation process, the small claims court applies simplified procedures that are different from those of conventional civil cases. Nonetheless, the judgment of the small claims court has the same legally binding force as that of general court. The small claims court is situated in the District Court, but the examination of cases is different from general procedures and until now the mechanism has not been widely known in Indonesia.

Image super‐resolution via dynamic network

Convolutional neural networks depend on deep network architectures to extract accurate information for image super‐resolution.However,obtained information of these con-volutional neural networks cannot completely express predicted high‐quality images for complex scenes.A dynamic network for image super‐resolution(DSRNet)is presented,which contains a residual enhancement block,wide enhancement block,feature refine-ment block and construction block.The residual enhancement block is composed of a residual enhanced architecture to facilitate hierarchical features for image super‐resolution.To enhance robustness of obtained super‐resolution model for complex scenes,a wide enhancement block achieves a dynamic architecture to learn more robust information to enhance applicability of an obtained super‐resolution model for varying scenes.To prevent interference of components in a wide enhancement block,a refine-ment block utilises a stacked architecture to accurately learn obtained features.Also,a residual learning operation is embedded in the refinement block to prevent long‐term dependency problem.Finally,a construction block is responsible for reconstructing high‐quality images.Designed heterogeneous architecture can not only facilitate richer structural information,but also be lightweight,which is suitable for mobile digital devices.Experimental results show that our method is more competitive in terms of performance,recovering time of image super‐resolution and complexity.The code of DSRNet can be obtained at https://github.com/hellloxiaotian/DSRNet.

Flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array for high spatiotemporal resolution foci diagnostic localization of refractory epilepsy

High spatiotemporal resolution brain electrical signals are critical for basic neuroscience research and high-precision focus diagnostic localization,as the spatial scale of some pathologic signals is at the submillimeter or micrometer level.This entails connecting hundreds or thousands of electrode wires on a limited surface.This study reported a class of flexible,ultrathin,highdensity electrocorticogram(ECoG)electrode arrays.The challenge of a large number of wiring arrangements was overcome by a laminated structure design and processing technology improvement.The flexible,ultrathin,high-density ECoG electrode array was conformably attached to the cortex for reliable,high spatial resolution electrophysiologic recordings.The minimum spacing between electrodes was 15μm,comparable to the diameter of a single neuron.Eight hundred electrodes were prepared with an electrode density of 4444 mm^(-2).In focal epilepsy surgery,the flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array with 36 electrodes was applied to collect epileptic spike waves inrabbits,improving the positioning accuracy of epilepsy lesions from the centimeter to the submillimeter level.The flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array has potential clinical applications in intractable epilepsy and other neurologic diseases requiring high-precision electroencephalogram acquisition.

High-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production in high-flux reactors

We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors.The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to~1 eV,thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range.The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency,thereby constructing extreme curves.The three curves,which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region,are of physical significance because they have similar distributions.A high-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production was established based on these three curves,and its universality and feasibility were proven.The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of ^(238)Pu by up to 18.81%.The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution,thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of ^(238)Pu.

Mediation Greatly Facilitates the Development of Intellectual Property Dispute Resolution

In recent years,the number of patent applications,trademark applications and copyright regis trations has been on the rise as the whole of society' s awareness of intellectual property rights(IPR) has been greatly improved.The number of patent and trademark applications in China has been the highest in the world for many years.At the same time,intellectual property disputes are also increasing year by year.

SeisResoDiff: Seismic resolution enhancement based on a diffusion model

High resolution of post-stack seismic data assists in better interpretation of subsurface structures as well as high accuracy of impedance inversion. Therefore, geophysicists consistently strive to acquire higher resolution seismic images in petroleum exploration. Although there have been successful applications of conventional signal processing and machine learning for post-stack seismic resolution enhancement,there is limited reference to the seismic applications of the recent emergence and rapid development of generative artificial intelligence. Hence, we propose to apply diffusion models, among the most popular generative models, to enhance seismic resolution. Specifically, we apply the classic diffusion model—denoising diffusion probabilistic model(DDPM), conditioned on the seismic data in low resolution, to reconstruct corresponding high-resolution images. Herein the entire scheme is referred to as SeisResoDiff. To provide a comprehensive and clear understanding of SeisResoDiff, we introduce the basic theories of diffusion models and detail the optimization objective's derivation with the aid of diagrams and algorithms. For implementation, we first propose a practical workflow to acquire abundant training data based on the generated pseudo-wells. Subsequently, we apply the trained model to both synthetic and field datasets, evaluating the results in three aspects: the appearance of seismic sections and slices in the time domain, frequency spectra, and comparisons with the synthetic data using real well-logging data at the well locations. The results demonstrate not only effective seismic resolution enhancement,but also additional denoising by the diffusion model. Experimental comparisons indicate that training the model on noisy data, which are more realistic, outperforms training on clean data. The proposed scheme demonstrates superiority over some conventional methods in high-resolution reconstruction and denoising ability, yielding more competitive results compared to our previous research.

Ultrahigh-resolution,high-fidelity quantum dot pixels patterned by dielectric electrophoretic deposition

The high pixel resolution is emerging as one of the key parameters for the next-generation displays.Despite the development of various quantum dot(QD)patterning techniques,achieving ultrahigh-resolution(>10,000 pixels per inch(PPI))and high-fidelity QD patterns is still a tough challenge that needs to be addressed urgently.Here,we propose a novel and effective approach of orthogonal electric field-induced template-assisted dielectric electrophoretic deposition to successfully achieve one of the highest pixel resolutions of 23090(PPI)with a high fidelity of up to 99%.Meanwhile,the proposed strategy is compatible with the preparation of QD pixels based on perovskite CsPbBr3 and conventional CdSe QDs,exhibiting a wide applicability for QD pixel fabrication.Notably,we further demonstrate the great value of our approach to achieve efficiently electroluminescent QD pixels with a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.5%.Consequently,this work provides a general approach for realizing ultrahighresolution and high-fidelity patterns based on various QDs and a novel method for fabricating QD-patterned devices with high performance.

Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles for low-energy super-resolution applications

Energy-intensive technologies and high-precision research require energy-efficient techniques and materials.Lensbased optical microscopy technology is useful for low-energy applications in the life sciences and other fields of technology,but standard techniques cannot achieve applications at the nanoscale because of light diffraction.Farfield super-resolution techniques have broken beyond the light diffraction limit,enabling 3D applications down to the molecular scale and striving to reduce energy use.Typically targeted super-resolution techniques have achieved high resolution,but the high light intensity needed to outperform competing optical transitions in nanomaterials may result in photo-damage and high energy consumption.Great efforts have been made in the development of nanomaterials to improve the resolution and efficiency of these techniques toward low-energy super-resolution applications.Lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles that exhibit multiple long-lived excited energy states and emit upconversion luminescence have enabled the development of targeted super-resolution techniques that need low-intensity light.The use of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles in these techniques for emerging low-energy super-resolution applications will have a significant impact on life sciences and other areas of technology.In this review,we describe the dynamics of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles for superresolution under low-intensity light and their use in targeted super-resolution techniques.We highlight low-energy super-resolution applications of lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles,as well as the related research directions and challenges.Our aim is to analyze targeted super-resolution techniques using lanthanide ion-doped upconversion nanoparticles,emphasizing fundamental mechanisms governing transitions in lanthanide ions to surpass the diffraction limit with low-intensity light,and exploring their implications for low-energy nanoscale applications.

Rydberg-Atom Terahertz Heterodyne Receiver with Ultrahigh Spectral Resolution

Terahertz heterodyne receivers with high sensitivity and spectral resolution are crucial for various applications.Here,we present a room-temperature atomic terahertz heterodyne receiver that achieves ultrahigh sensitivity and frequency resolution.At a signal frequency of 338.7 GHz,we obtain a sensitivity of 2.88±0.09V·cm^(−1)·Hz^(−1/2) for electric field measurements.The calibrated linear dynamical range spans approximately 89 dB,ranging from−110 dBV/cm to−21 dBV/cm.We demodulate a 400 symbol stream encoded in 4-state phase-shift keying,demonstrating excellent phase detection capability.By scanning the frequency of the local oscillator,we realize a terahertz spectrometer with Hz level frequency resolution.This resolution is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of existing terahertz spectrometers.The demonstrated terahertz heterodyne receiver holds promising potential for working across the entire terahertz spectrum,significantly advancing its practical applications.

Analysis and improving countermeasures of medical disputes from the perspective of legal changes

Under the background of medical disputes growing in number,scale and intensity,tracing back legal changes in medical field as a breakthrough point,this paper took a legal perspective to illustrate changes in medical dispute settlements from legislative orientation to legal system improvement.In view of the fact that early legislation in medical field was biased towards identification and punishment of doctors’responsibility,and later intensive legislation in balancing increasing"medical trouble"phenomenon with limited effects and difficulties to abide by the law,this paper proposed to improve doctor-patient dispute settlements system in China referencing from foreign law experience,to reduce investigation of doctors at the judicial level,and to establish a settlement mechanism on doctors’apology at the legislative level,so as to promote a healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

Virtual source approach for maximizing resolution in high-penetration gamma-ray imaging

High-energy gamma-ray radiography has exceptional penetration ability and has become an indispensable nondestructive testing(NDT)tool in various fields.For high-energy photons,point projection radiography is almost the only feasible imaging method,and its spatial resolution is primarily constrained by the size of the gamma-ray source.In conventional industrial applications,gamma-ray sources are commonly based on electron beams driven by accelerators,utilizing the process of bremsstrahlung radiation.The size of the gamma-ray source is dependent on the dimensional characteristics of the electron beam.Extensive research has been conducted on various advanced accelerator technologies that have the potential to greatly improve spatial resolution in NDT.In our investigation of laser-driven gamma-ray sources,a spatial resolution of about 90μm is achieved when the areal density of the penetrated object is 120 g/cm^(2).A virtual source approach is proposed to optimize the size of the gamma-ray source used for imaging,with the aim of maximizing spatial resolution.In this virtual source approach,the gamma ray can be considered as being emitted from a virtual source within the convertor,where the equivalent gamma-ray source size in imaging is much smaller than the actual emission area.On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations,we derive a set of evaluation formulas for virtual source scale and gamma-ray emission angle.Under optimal conditions,the virtual source size can be as small as 15μm,which can significantly improve the spatial resolution of high-penetration imaging to less than 50μm.

Advancing ophthalmic delivery of flurbiprofen via synergistic chiral resolution and ion-pairing strategies

Flurbiprofen(FB),a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,is widely employed in treating ocular inflammation owing to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effects.However,the racemic nature of its commercially available formulation(Ocufen^(R))limits the full potential of its therapeutic activity,as the(S)-enantiomer is responsible for the desired antiinflammatory effects.Additionally,the limited corneal permeability of FB significantly restricts its bioavailability.In this study,we successfully separated the chiral isomers of FB to obtain the highly active(S)-FB.Subsequently,utilizing ion-pairing technology,we coupled(S)-FB with various counter-ions,such as sodium,diethylamine,trimethamine(TMA),and l-arginine,to enhance its ocular bioavailability.A comprehensive evaluation encompassed balanced solubility,octanol-water partition coefficient,corneal permeability,ocular pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution,and in vivo ocular anti-inflammatory activity of each chiral isomer salt.Among the various formulations,S-FBTMA exhibited superior water solubility(about 1–12 mg/ml),lipid solubility(1<lgP_(ow)<3)and corneal permeability.In comparison to Ocufen^(R),S-FBTMA demonstrated significantly higher in vivo antiinflammatory activity and lower ocular irritability(such as conjunctival congestion and tingling).The findings from this research highlight the potential of chiral separation and ion-pair enhanced permeation techniques in providing pharmaceutical enterprises focused on drug development with a valuable avenue for improving therapeutic outcomes.

DTAIS:Distributed trusted active identity resolution systems for the Industrial Internet

In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed.These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning,resource sharing,and arithmetic trading,which make high demands on identity authentication,asset authentication,resource addressing,and service location.Therefore,an efficient,secure,and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed.However,most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure,which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack.And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity,personal assets,and device information.So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management,identity authentication,and asset verification.In this paper,we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)and non-fungible token(NFT),which can provide distributed identity resolution services.And we have designed the system architecture,identity service process,load balancing strategy and smart contract service.In addition,we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system,and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.

Disputes are Normal,Arbitration is the Solution

At present,some of the greatest changes that the world has seen in the last century are accelerating.The international political and economic structure is profoundly adjusted,so the economic ties and legal interactions between countries are facing greater challenges.The theme of the second parallel forum of the Global Business and Law Conference 2024 is"Dispute Resolution and Global Economic Win-win",which not only offers a profound insight into the current international economic development needs,but also represents strategic thinking on the future global winwin situation.

Synthesizing high-resolution satellite salinity data based on multi-fractal fusion

The spaceborne platform has unprecedently provided the global eddy-permitting(typically about 0.25°)products of sea surface salinity(SSS),however the existing SSS products can hardly resolve mesoscale motions due to the heavy noises therein and the over-smoothing in denoising processes.By means of the multi-fractal fusion(MFF),the high-resolution SSS product is synthesized with the template of sea surface temperature(SST).Two low-resolution SSS products and four SST products are considered as the source data and the templates respectively to determine the best combination.The fused products are validated by the in situ observations and intercompared via SSS maps,Singularity Exponent maps and wavenumber spectra.The results demonstrate that the MFF can perform a good work in mitigating the noises and improving the resolution.The combination of the climate change initiative SSS and the remote sensing system SST can produce the 0.1°denoised product whose global mean standard derivation of salinity against Argo is 0.21 and the feature resolution can reach 30−40 km.

Fast compressed sensing spectral measurement with adaptive gradient multiscale resolution

We propose a fast,adaptive multiscale resolution spectral measurement method based on compressed sensing.The method can apply variable measurement resolution over the entire spectral range to reduce the measurement time by over 75%compared to a global high-resolution measurement.Mimicking the characteristics of the human retina system,the resolution distribution follows the principle of gradually decreasing.The system allows the spectral peaks of interest to be captured dynamically or to be specified a priori by a user.The system was tested by measuring single and dual spectral peaks,and the results of spectral peaks are consistent with those of global high-resolution measurements.

Lightweight Multi-Resolution Network for Human Pose Estimation

Human pose estimation aims to localize the body joints from image or video data.With the development of deeplearning,pose estimation has become a hot research topic in the field of computer vision.In recent years,humanpose estimation has achieved great success in multiple fields such as animation and sports.However,to obtainaccurate positioning results,existing methods may suffer from large model sizes,a high number of parameters,and increased complexity,leading to high computing costs.In this paper,we propose a new lightweight featureencoder to construct a high-resolution network that reduces the number of parameters and lowers the computingcost.We also introduced a semantic enhancement module that improves global feature extraction and networkperformance by combining channel and spatial dimensions.Furthermore,we propose a dense connected spatialpyramid pooling module to compensate for the decrease in image resolution and information loss in the network.Finally,ourmethod effectively reduces the number of parameters and complexitywhile ensuring high performance.Extensive experiments show that our method achieves a competitive performance while dramatically reducing thenumber of parameters,and operational complexity.Specifically,our method can obtain 89.9%AP score on MPIIVAL,while the number of parameters and the complexity of operations were reduced by 41%and 36%,respectively.

Emotional differences based on comments on doctor-patient disputes with varying levels of severity

BACKGROUND The risks associated with negative doctor-patient relationships have seriously hindered the healthy development of medical and healthcare and aroused wide-spread concern in society.The number of public comments on doctor-patient relationship risk events reflects the degree to which the public pays attention to such events.Thirty incidents of doctor-patient disputes were collected from Weibo and TikTok,and 3655 related comments were extracted.The number of comment sentiment words was extracted,and the comment sentiment value was calculated.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare differences between each variable group at different levels of incidence.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine associations between variables.Regression analysis was used to explore factors influencing scores of comments on incidents.RESULTS The study results showed that public comments on media reports of doctor-patient disputes at all levels are mainly dominated by“good”and“disgust”emotional states.There was a significant difference in the comment scores and the number of partial emotion words between comments on varying levels of severity of doctor-patient disputes.The comment score was positively correlated with the number of emotion words related to positive,good,and happy)and negatively correlated with the number of emotion words related to negative,anger,disgust,fear,and sadness.CONCLUSION The number of emotion words related to negative,anger,disgust,fear,and sadness directly influences comment scores,and the severity of the incident level indirectly influences comment scores.