Modified inferior oblique anterior transposition for dissociated vertical deviation combined with superior oblique palsy:A case report

BACKGROUND Inferior oblique anterior transposition(IOAT)has emerged as an effective surgery in the management of dissociated vertical deviation(DVD)combined with superior oblique palsy(SOP).Traditional IOAT usually provides satisfactory primary position alignment and simultaneously restricts the superior floating phenomenon.However,it also increases the risk of the anti-elevation syndrome and narrowing of the palpebral fissure in straight-ahead gaze,especially after the unilateral operation.CASE SUMMARY We report the outcomes of the modified unilateral IOAT in two patients with unilateral DVD combined with SOP.The anterior-nasal fibers of the inferior oblique muscle were attached at 9 mm posterior to the corneal limbus along the temporal board of the inferior rectus muscle,the other fibers were attached a further 5 mm temporal to the anterior-nasal fibers.Postoperatively,both hypertropia and floating were improved,and no obvious complications occurred.CONCLUSION In these cases,the modified unilateral IOAT was an effective and safe surgical method for treating DVD with SOP.

The effects of simultaneous operation on dissociated vertical deviation with horizontal and torsional strabismus

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of simultaneous horizontal and vertical operations on dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) associated with other deviations.METHODS: Forty-five cases of DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus underwent combined operation were collected retrospectively. All clinical records were analyzed. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 mo. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was performed to evaluate the changes of vertical and horizontal deviation. χ~2 test was used to evaluate the changes of binocular visual function. RESULTS: Forty-five cases included 36 patients with intermittent exotropia and binocular inferior oblique overaction(IOOA), 5 patients with concomitant esotropia and binocular IOOA, 4 patients with intermittent exotropia and monocular superior oblique palsy. The superior rectus recession(SRR) combined with horizontal rectus recession and the myectomy of inferior oblique or anterior transposition were operated simultaneously to correct all types of strabismus. There were 43 cases who achieved normal eye position in vertical direction, while 2 cases were with undercorrection of 5~Δ to 6~Δ. In patients with horizontal strabismus, 2 cases of exotropia were with overcorrection of 6~Δ to 8~Δ, 1 case of esotropia was with undercorrection of 6~Δ, and 1 case of monocular superior oblique palsy with compensatory head posture was not significantly improved. The binocular visual function of most patients recovered after operation. The difference of the binocular visual function and eye position were significant compared with that before operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The simultaneous operation on DVD with horizontal and torsional strabismus is successful.

Comparative study on vertical deformation based on GPS and leveling data

The development of GPS(Global Positioning System) technology has led to increasingly widely and successful applications of GPS surveys for monitoring crustal movements. However, multi-period GPS survey solutions have not been applied in monitoring vertical crustal movements with normal backgrounds. In this paper, we carried out a comparative study on the vertical deformation of the comprehensive profile of the cross-fault zone in Shanyin, Shanxi province, China, based on GPS and precise leveling observation data for multiple time periods. The vertical deformation rates observed with repeating GPS survey are obviously different(over 20 mm/y at some sites) from those with repeating leveling survey within a relatively short period. However, the deviations in the vertical displacement between GPS and leveling in a long-term survey(over three years) showed good consistency at 3-4 mm/y at most sites, on GPS forced offset surveying and fixed survey instruments in a long-term survey(over three years). Therefore, GPS vertical displacement results can be applied to the study of vertical crustal movements.

Vertical deformation of the fault-crossing network around Baotou,observed by GPS

GPS data and precise leveling data of seismic network profiles across the fault in Baotou in 2006, 2009 and 2011 were processed and analyzed to test the feasibility of using GPS technology for fault-crossing vertical deformation monitoring. The results showed that high precision cross-fauh vertical deformation measurements can be obtained using appropriate GPS data processing strategies.

融合多源海洋大地测量数据的南海海底地形多层感知机反演

本文融合SIO(Scripps Institution of Oceanography)发布的垂线偏差、重力异常和垂直重力梯度数据及NCEI(National Centers for Environmental Information)发布的船载测深数据,利用多层感知机神经网络(Multi-Layer Perceptron,MLP)建立南海海域(108°E—121°E,6°N—23°N)分辨率为1'×1'的海底地形模型(MLP_Depth).首先,将642716个船载测深控制点的位置信息与周围4'×4'格网点处的地球重力信息(垂线偏差、重力异常、垂直重力梯度)作为输入数据,将船载测深控制点处实测水深值作为输出数据,训练MLP神经网络模型,训练结束时决定系数R2为99%,平均绝对误差MAE为39.33 m.然后,将研究区域内1'×1'格网正中心点处的输入数据输入于MLP模型中,可得格网正中心点处的预测海深值.最后,根据预测海深值建立研究区域范围内分辨率为1'×1'的MLP_Depth模型.将MLP_Depth模型预测水深与160679个检核点处实测水深对比,其差值的标准差STD(75.38 m)、平均绝对百分比误差MAPE(5.89%)与平均绝对误差MAE(42.91 m)皆优于GEBCO_2021模型、topo_23.1模型、ETOPO1模型与检核点实测水深差值的STD(108.88 m、113.41 m、229.67 m)、MAPE(6.11%、6.94%、18.37%)与MAE(47.33 m、52.24 m、130.08 m).同时,为了研究不同区域内利用该方法建立的海底地形模型的精度,本文在研究区域内分别建立了A、B区域的海底地形模型(MLP_Depth_A、MLP_Depth_B).经过验证得:MLP_Depth_A、MLP_Depth_B相比于MLP_Depth模型具有更高的精度,更能反应海底地形的变化趋势.

浙江山区县域绿色转型发展评价与动力机制

科学量化山区26县绿色转型水平是浙江建设共同富裕示范区的关键。从“绿色生态-绿色生产-绿色生活”三生空间视角构建绿色转型指标体系,采用纵横向拉开档次法、重心-标准差椭圆及时空地理加权回归模型等研究2010~2021年浙江山区26县绿色转型的时空分异特征与驱动因素。结果表明:①2010~2021年山区26县绿色转型整体呈增长趋势,年均增幅为2.428%,但仍有较大提升空间;绿色转型的变异系数逐年减小,地区差异从“大差距低水平”特征逐渐向“小差距高水平”特征转变。②2010~2021年山区26县绿色转型逐渐呈现“永嘉—缙云—青田”为核心的空间分布格局。绿色转型重心逐渐向北扩张,研究期内山区26县北部县域的绿色转型有较大提升;山区26县绿色转型空间分布总体呈较为稳定的西北—东南方向分布格局,标准差椭圆分布范围逐渐缩小,空间集聚性不断增强,区域发展不平衡问题有所改善。③各影响因素呈现较强的时空异质性。经济发展、城市化、政府调控和人力资本素质始终是山区26县绿色转型的主要驱动因素,金融发展、科技水平和对外开放程度的驱动力逐渐增强,产业结构的驱动作用尚不稳定,对于山区26县绿色转型的拉动能力有限。

硬地层防斜打快底部钻具组合结构优化研究

准噶尔盆地阜康地区深部地层岩石硬度高、地层倾角大,传统的钟摆钻具组合提速工具防斜打快效果差。针对这一问题,在对硬地层中使用扭力冲击器提高机械钻速效果分析基础上,提出了既能充分释放钻压、发挥扭力冲击器提速作用,又能在大倾角地层有效防斜的“扭力冲击器+单弯螺杆”底部钻具组合(Bottom Hole Assembly, BHA)。基于平衡趋势分析研究了BHA结构参数对其防斜能力的影响,确定了关键参数。现场应用表明,新设计的BHA能有效实现硬地层防斜打快目的,为深部硬地层钻井作业提供了一定借鉴。

自动垂直钻井工具纠斜液压系统的研究

对一种用于石油自动垂直钻井工具的纠斜液压系统展开研究,以实现钻具的纠斜力稳定、可变及钻具矢量纠斜效果。针对油缸压力无法调节及液压泵引起油缸压力不易稳定的问题,研究一种新型纠斜液压系统。在建立纠斜液压系统数学模型的基础上,进行了系统和油缸压力的动态响应分析。仿真结果表明,新型纠斜液压系统提供的导向推力较传统系统稳定性更高,压力波动幅度更低;调节比例溢流阀的输入电流55~85 mA,并保持比例溢流阀输入电流增量不变,钻杆转速越大,油缸压力在单位时间内的开环调节精度就越高。

三维激光扫描技术在高层建筑施工质量监测中的应用

在高层建筑施工时,建筑施工的偏差检测是建筑工程质量验收的重点部分。针对传统监测方法存在工作量大、数据单一等问题,提出一种基于三维激光扫描技术的施工偏差检测方法。以山东科技大学图书信息中心为研究对象,通过三维扫描采集得到的点云模型与BIM模型进行对比,得出施工与设计偏差,用于指导施工。该监测方法是三维激光扫描BIM技术的新应用,也是对BIM技术的补充,同样还是三维激光扫描技术在高层建筑施工方面的拓展。

桥墩竖直度偏差对结构安全的影响

桥梁墩柱的竖直度是工程验收实测项目之一,竖直度偏差的大小影响桥墩外观线形和受力性能。某高速公路桥梁验收中发现部分墩柱竖直度偏差超过规范要求,对这些桥墩进行静力和抗震验算,得出以下结论:在实测竖直度偏差数值下,结构受力性能满足规范要求;由于竖直度偏差主要发生在上段和中段,柱底弯矩值基本没有变化;柱顶弯矩值在偏差影响下变化比较明显,但柱顶不是构件受力的控制截面。

国产自动垂直钻井系统技术突破与现场应用

自动垂直钻井系统是集机、电、液一体的智能闭环钻井工具,具有主动防斜、解放钻压、提高井筒质量的技术优势,已成为高陡构造等易斜井段钻井防斜打快的核心装备之一。西部钻探公司自2010年研发成功三翼推靠式自动垂直钻井系统以来,通过试验应用逐步完善,在控制理论、系统结构设计上已经有所突破,但没有实现规模产业化应用,主要问题在于工具系统工作寿命低、近钻头井斜测不准、质量不稳定等。近两年,针对这些问题,西部钻探公司通过系统分析与现场试验,进行机械零部件结构改进、控制程序优化等,使得工具工作寿命、质量稳定性等大幅提升。在塔里木油田、新疆油田、青海油田等现场应用验证,工具寿命稳定突破至150 h以上,为国产自动垂直钻井系统的成熟应用与推广提供技术价值。

基于SINS/OD失准角观测的垂线偏差测量方法

组合导航系统的姿态失准角与垂线偏差(deviation of vertical,DOV)存在对应关系,通过对姿态失准角的观测是实现DOV测量的一种有效手段。本文基于车载捷联惯性导航系统/里程计(strapdown inertial navigation system/odometer,SINS/OD)组合导航姿态失准角观测及失准角误差的递推提出一种DOV测量方法。首先,从组合导航速度误差方程出发,推导出DOV与姿态失准角之间存在复杂的耦合关系。然后,通过沿路径迭代递推的分步计算方法,由导航过程中的姿态失准角直接获取沿线的DOV。最后,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性,且表明测量精度与行驶路径的长度有关。实验表明,行驶里程35 km的机动路径上DOV误差均值小于0.3″,终点处单点测量误差小于0.7″。

西湖凹陷直井井斜规律及原因分析

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地中规模最大的含油气凹陷。该区域储层埋深较大、地层岩性和构造复杂,导致直井井斜问题突出,急需解决防斜打直问题。基于区域地质和钻井资料,实钻资料和模拟计算分析相结合,开展了直井井斜规律及原因分析。该区域直井偏斜方向受地质构造影响明显,总体上符合沿地层上倾方向偏斜规律。构造作用强烈造成地层倾角较大是该区域下部井段严重井斜的首要原因,钻具组合和钻进参数不合适也是重要原因。研究结果表明,花港组上部及以上地层不易井斜,花港组下部及以下地层易井斜;井眼越深、井眼尺寸越小,井斜越严重。因此该区域下部易斜地层宜优先选用垂直钻井系统,不用或慎用钟摆钻具组合。

垂直轴偏差测量仪的量值溯源

为了解决垂直轴偏差测量仪的有效溯源,确保瓶容器的垂直轴偏差满足企业生产需求,根据垂直轴偏差测量仪的测量原理,对垂直轴偏差测量仪的校准项目及校准方法进行了研究,并对该仪器垂直轴偏差的校准结果进行不确定度评定。结果表明:校准结果不确定度小于允许误差的三分之一要求。由此可见,此校准方法准确可靠。

基于模糊PID的自动垂直钻井机械设备纠斜控制器嵌入式设计

提出基于模糊PID的自动垂直钻井机械设备纠斜控制器嵌入式设计。在异性指数的作用下分析钻头转角的影响力,建立函数公式推导计算钻井趋势角变化,得到自动垂直钻井机械设备组合受力变化;结合受力分析结果设计PID控制器偏差分配过程,并进行嵌入式设计。在嵌入式设计完成后,设计了模糊PID纠斜控制算法实现垂直钻井机械设备纠斜。实验结果表明,所提方法可以稳定控制井斜角、合力指向角,保持合力相对稳定,能有效地实现垂直钻井纠斜控制,控制效果较好。

万米科学特深井防斜纠斜技术方案及研究建议

根据科学钻探特点和我国特深井井身结构情况,论文首先设定了我国万米科学特深井基本井身结构和取心井段,结合前苏联SG-3井、德国KTB主井和我国内地科钻一井、松科2井等内地科学钻探工程项目,阐述了特深井井斜预测方法、测量方法、全面钻进和取心钻进的防斜纠斜技术方法。给出我国万米科学特深井上部井段井斜控制方法和控制指标以及连续取心井段防斜纠斜工艺、器具等总体方案,并提出了进一步研究的建议。

Vertical deviation and A pattern of type Ⅲ Duane retraction syndrome

Background Researches in ocular electromyography （EMG） and Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） of patients with Duane retraction syndrome （DRS） suggest that there may be additional abnormalities such as paradoxical innervation between horizontal rectus muscles and vertical rectus muscles, hypoplasia of vertical rectus muscle and that oblique muscles may also contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestation of DRS. This paper reports the results of superior rectus recession for vertical deviation and A pattern in DRS Type III and discusses the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods Superior and lateral rectus recession were performed in 5 cases of Huber type III DRS to treat vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus. Before operation, MRI of the brain, brainstem, cavernous sinus, and orbits were performed. Results All subjects had unilateral limitation of both abduction and adduction, with palpebral fissure narrowing and globe retraction in adduction. Three cases had A pattern of strabismus, three cases had hypertropia. The abducens nerves （CN6） were either absent or hypoplasitic in the brainstem in all patients. Two eyes had larger oculomotor foramen. Two eyes had hypoplasia of the superior rectus and the inferior rectus. There was presumably a branch of the third cranial nerve （CN3） innervating the lateral rectus （LR） in one eye. While in another eye, two branches of CN3 sent into medial rectus were revealed. After surgery, vertical deviation in the primary position was reduced in all patients and A pattern was eliminated in 3 patients. One patient developed 10A consecutive esotropia postoperatively. Conclusion The results suggest that structural abnormalities of vertical muscle and abnormal orbital innervation may be related to vertical deviation and the presence of A pattern in DRS type Ⅲ. Recession of the superior rectus muscle seems to be a safe and effective treatment for vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus in DRS Type Ⅲ.

基于成桥施工偏差的大跨度铁路桥梁线路纵断面设计适应性分析

大跨度铁路桥梁成桥线形与设计线形易产生偏差,通常需根据成桥线形变更线路纵断面;同时,大跨度铁路桥梁受荷载作用呈现明显的动态大变形特征,导致桥梁服役期间线路纵断面仍难以与设计纵断面匹配,影响其后续的线路养护维修。结合某大跨度公铁两用桥梁,介绍现有考虑成桥施工偏差的线路纵断面设计方法,并考虑温度、列车载重等常规荷载激励,开展基于中点弦测法的轨道几何形位评估和基于动力仿真的列车舒适性评价,以分析服役期间不同线路设计纵断面对桥梁线形变化的适应性。结果表明:降温导致跨中等效竖曲线半径减小,拟合调整大跨度桥梁线路纵断面时,应重点关注降温荷载对车辆运行平稳性的影响;桥梁结构整体受力变形所引起的车体垂向振动加速度变化不超过0.05 m/s^(2),线形平顺性主要由线路设计纵断面本身控制;相比多坡段纵断面,多项式拟合设计的线路纵断面消除了变坡点和竖曲线,从而减小线路纵断面引起的列车车体振动响应。

DQCZ垂直钻井系统导向执行机构的优化完善

为了解决内蒙古海拉尔、黑龙江方正等易斜区块井斜突出问题,文章对自主研制的DQCZ垂直钻井系统在大钻压工况下纠斜效率低的问题进行了详细分析,发现在导向执行机构的外径尺寸、供电系统效率、控制算法等方面存在一定不足,为此,文章有针对性地开展了导向执行机构的优化改进、供电系统优化设计、导向控制模块纠斜算法优化等研究完善与改进升级。为了验证改进效果,优化完善后的DQCZ垂直钻井系统在海拉尔区块S49-53井等3口井进行了现场试验,实现了一趟钻进尺1322 m,井斜控制在1°以内,机械钻速同比邻井提高19.87%,取得了较好的纠斜打快效果。试验结果表明,优化后的DQCZ垂直钻井系统纠斜效率与提速能力方面得到了很大改进,为同类型其它垂直钻井系统的改进和完善提供了借鉴与参考。

激光扫平仪垂直扫平误差测量方法研究

为了检测控制激光扫平仪垂直扫平面铅垂精度,对激光扫平仪垂直扫平误差进行了分析。利用球面三角形的正弦和余弦定理,推导了激光扫平仪垂直扫平面倾斜误差计算公式,建立了锥角误差和倾斜误差几何叠加的激光扫平仪垂直扫平误差数学模型,搭建了基于水平轴线对称布局的双光管专用检测装置,设计了先分项测量、后按数学模型叠加的激光扫平仪垂直扫平误差测量方案,并进行了测量试验验证。结果表明:采用所提方案获得的仪器不同姿态下垂直扫平误差测量结果的最大差值不超过6.3″,优于传统方案的16.5″,证明所设计的测量方案可行,构建的数学模型准确可靠。