Dissolved Organic Matter Features of Three Adjacent Eastern Mediterranean Urbanized Watersheds

Landscape urbanization broadly affects ecosystems in coastal watersheds, but, until now, the influence of nonpoint source urban inputs on dissolved organic matter (DOM) amount, composition, and source is poorly understood. To understand how DOM composition varied with urbanization, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were determined for urban and non-urban waters from upstream to downstream sites along three adjacent coastal watersheds that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. Two humic DOM fluorescent components (humic-like and fulvic-like peaks) and two proteinic components (tyrosine-like and tryptophane-like peaks) were identified by EEM fluorescence. The results indicated that urbanization had an important influence on DOM concentration and composition, with urban waters having a high degree of DOM variation due to different land uses surrounding each body of water. Urban waters show a higher DOM fluorescence index (FI), the highest fluorescence intensity of protein-like manifested also by BIX values, and a lower value of the humification index (HIX) than non-urban waters which were dominated by allochthonous inputs. In addition, the EEM was compared in dry and wet season where higher DOM amounts and FI appeared in summer due to autochthonous production coming from algae growth compared to allochthonous input from rainfall dominated in wet season. The concentration of DOC increased from upstream to downstream for the three rivers, especially Beirut River. The increase in DOC values was observed in both dry and wet seasons by 39 and 19 times respectively compared to upstream (0.93 - 0.91 mgC/L).

Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases(HOB), hydrophobic acids(HOA), acid-insoluble matter(AIM), hydrophobic neutrals(HON) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients(K oc). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher K oc values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in leachate with different landfill ages

The main objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter （DOM） in leachate with different landfill ages through the chemical, spectroscopic, and elemental analysis. Humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, and hydrophilic （HyI） fractions were isolated and purified by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The analytical results of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy （EEMs） revealed that the fluorescence peaks were protein-like fluorescence for young landfill leachate, while the fluorescence peaks for medium and old landfill leachate were humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescence, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content decreased with landfill age, while the oxygen content increased. Moreover, the nitrogen content in these isolated fractions followed： HA 〉 HyI 〉 FA. The results of elemental analysis, FT-IR, and fluorescence EEMs also confirmed that aromatic carbons and portions of aliphatic functional groups were more abundant in leachate samples with increasing landfill age.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter （DOM） from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, hydrophobic neutrals （HON）, hydrophilic acids （HIA）, hydrophilic bases （HIB） and hydrophilic neutrals （HIN）. Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average （Mw） and number-averaged （Mn） molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E2/E3 （absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm）, and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Proteinlike fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index （f450/500） indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.

Effect of dissolved organic matter on adsorption and desorption of mercury by soils

Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on adsorption and desorption of Hg were investigated in two kinds of soils, Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols (XUF) and Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols (TPUC). The DOM was obtained from humus soil (DOMH), rice straw (DOMR), and pig manure (DOMP). The presence of DOM obviously reduced Hg maximum adsorption capacity with up to 40% decreases over the control, being an order of DOMH (250.00 mg/kg)< DOMR (303.03 mg/kg) < DOMP (322.58 mg/kg) < CK (control 416.67 mg/kg) for the...

Sorption of dissolved organic matter and its effects on the atrazine sorption on soils

The dissolved organic matter(DOM), water soluble organic matter derived from sewage sludge was separated into hydrophobic fraction(Ho) and hydrophilic fraction(Hi). The sorption of DOM and its fractions on soils and the effects of DOM sorption on a nonionic pesticide(atrazine(2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-trazine)) distribution between soil and water were investigated using a batch equilibrium technique. The total DOM sorption on soils described by the Langmuir equation reached saturation as the DOM concentration increased. The sorption of Ho fit the Freundlich model. In contrast, a negative retention evidently occurred as adding Hi at higher level in tested soils. The sorption of Ho dominated the total DOM sorption and the release of soil organic matter(SOM). Effects of DOM on the atrazine sorption by soils were DOM-concentration dependent and dominated by the interaction of atrazine, DOM, and soil solids. Generally, the presence of DOM with lower concentration promoted atrazine sorption on soils, namely the apparent partitioning constant(K*_d) for atrazine sorption in the presence of DOM was larger than the distribution constant(K_d) without DOM; whereas the presence of DOM with higher concentration inhibited atrazine sorption(i.e., K*_d<K_d). The overall effects of DOM on atrazine sorption in soils might be related to the DOM sorption and the release of soil intrinsic organic matter into aqueous solution. The sorption of Ho on soils promoted the atrazine sorption on soil, while the release of SOM by Hi and the competitive sorption between Hi and atrazine on soil surface led to a decrease of atrazine sorption. Information provided in this work may contribute to a better understanding of the DOM sorption and its impacts on the contaminant soil-water distribution.

Fluorescence characteristic changes of dissolved organic matter during municipal solid waste composting

Dissolved organic matter（DOM） of municipal solid waste（MSW） consists of minerals, water, ash and humic substances, and is known to enhance plant growth. In this study, inoculating microbes（Z J, MS） were used in municipal solid wastes composting, and composting implemented a industrialized technology. During composting, dissolved organic matter was extracted from the compost and purified. The spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter was determined by fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectra characterized by different relative fluorescent intensities and peaks over time. Fluorescence spectra were similar to that of fulvic acid in sewage sludge, indicating the presence of dissolved organic matter with aromatic structures and a high degree of molecular polymerization. Compared with the controls with no microbial inoculation, the microbe-inoculated treatments exhibited the increase of aromatic polycondensation, in the following order： MS ＋ ZJ 〉 ZJ 〉 MS 〉 CK.

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in lakes with different eutrophic levels in southeastern Hubei Province,China

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)plays a crucial role in both the carbon cycle and geochemical cycles of other nutrient elements,which is of importance to the management and protection of the aquatic environments.To achieve a more comprehensive understanding the characteristics of DOM in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River basin,water samples from four natural lakes(Xiandao,Baoan,Daye,and Qingshan)in southeastern Hubei Province in China with different eutrophication levels were collected and analyzed.The optical characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis.The results show that:(1)two humic-like components(C1 and C2)and two protein-like substances(C3 and C4)of DOM were identified in all waterbodies;(2)C3 originated primarily from the degradation of microalgae and contributed substantially to humic-like components during transformation.C4 was widely present in the Changjiang River basin and its formation was related to microbial activity,rather than algal blooms or seasons.Influenced by the water mixing,the protein-like components were more likely to be transformed by microorganism,whereas humic-like components were more easily to be photobleached;(3)the concentration of DOM and the fluorescence intensity of humic-like components gradually increased with rising lake eutrophication levels.With respect to protein-like components,only C3 showed changes along the eutrophication gradients;(4)DOM showed a high affinity with permanganate index(COD Mn)and chlorophyll a(chl a)while the relationship was variable with phosphorus.This study helps us systematically understand the DOM characteristics,microbial activities,and pollutant transformation in the Changjiang River basin and provides reference to the ecological restoration of aquatic environments.

Removal and transformation of dissolved organic matter in secondary effluent during granular activated carbon treatment

This paper focused on the removal and transformation of the dissolved organic matter （DOM） in secondary effluent during the granular activated carbon （GAC） treatment. Using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into five classes： hydrophobic acid （HPO-A）, hydrophobic neutral （HPO-N）, transphilic acid （TPI-A）, transphilic neutral （TPI-N） and hydrophilic fraction （HPI）. Subsequently, the water quality parameters of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm （UV-254）, specific ultraviolet light absorbance （SUVA） and trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） were analyzed for the unfractionated and fractionated water samples. The results showed that the order of the DOC removal with respect to DOM fractions was observed to be HPI〉HPO-A〉HPO-N〉TPI-A〉TPI-N. During the GAC treatment, the THMFP of the unfractionated water samples decreased from 397.4 μg/L to 176.5 μg/L, resulting in a removal efficiency of 55.6%. The removal order of the trilaalomethanes （THMs） precursor was as follows： HPO-A〉TPI-A〉TPI-N〉HPO-N〉HPI. By the GAC treatment, the specific THMFP of HPO-A, TPI-A, TPI-N and the original unfractionated water samples had a noticeable decrease, while that of HPO-N and HPI showed a converse trend. The Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） results showed that the hydroxide groups, carboxylic acids, aliphatic C-H were significantly reduced by GAC treatment.

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy （EEMs） data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter （DOM）. The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.

Dissolved Organic Matter-Complexed Iron in Two Rivers with Different Types of Soils in Watershed Area

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), dissolved humic substances (DHS), and DOM-complexed Fe (DOM-Fe) in Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, Japan, of which headstream is near in location, flow pass length is similar, but watershed soil type differs, were investigated. Soil organic matter level was higher in black Andosols distributing 67% of the watershed area of the Oita River than in Cambisols covering 90% of the watershed area of Yamakuni River. However, the DOM concentration in the Yamakuni River (0.44 - 1.62 mg·C·L-1) tended to be higher than that in the Oita River (0.13 - 1.37 mg·C·L-1). DHS accounted for 49% - 80% of DOM in both rivers. Fe and DOM-Fe concentrations showed a trend to increase toward downstream but decrease at the estuary in both rivers. DOM-Fe accounted for 26% - 90% and 55% - 93% of dissolved Fe in the Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that the DOM-Fe concentration in the river water was controlled by the capacity for supplying Fe ions rather than that for supplying DOM. Although the ability to form a complex with Fe was suggested to be greater in the DOM in the Oita River than that in the Yamakuni River, the DOM-Fe concentration at the estuary was similar in the two rivers. Thus, the effect of soil organic matter level in the watershed area on the supply of Fe or DOM-Fe to the estuarine ecosystem was not significant.

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...

Composition regulates dissolved organic matter adsorption onto iron (oxy)hydroxides and its competition with phosphate: Implications for organic carbon and phosphorus immobilization in lakes

Dissolved organicmatter(DOM)is a heterogeneous pool of compounds and exhibits diverse adsorption characteristics with or without phosphorous(P)competition.The impacts of these factors on the burial and mobilization of organic carbon and P in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain.In this study,an algae-derived DOM(ADOM)and a commercially available humic acid(HA)with distinct compositions were assessed for their adsorption behaviors onto iron(oxy)hydroxides(FeOx),both in the absence and presence of phosphate.ADOM contained less aromatics but more protein-like and highly unsaturated structures with oxygen compounds(HUSO)than HA.The adsorption capacity of FeOx was significantly greater for ADOM than for HA.Protein-like and HUSO compounds in ADOM and humic-like compounds and macromolecular aromatics in HA were preferentially adsorbed by FeOx.Moreover,ADOM demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on phosphate adsorption than HA.This observation suggests that the substantial release of autochthonous ADOM by algae could elevate internal P loading and pose challenges for the restoration of restore eutrophic lakes.The presence of phosphate suppressed the adsorption of protein-like compounds in ADOM onto FeOx,resulting in an increase in the relative abundance of protein-like compounds and a decrease in the relative abundance of humic-like compounds in post-adsorption ADOM.In contrast,phosphate exhibited no discernible impact on the compositional fractionation of HA.Collectively,our results show the source-composition characters of DOM influence the immobilization of both DOM and P in aquatic ecosystems through adsorption processes.The preferential adsorption of proteinaceous compounds within ADOM and aromatics within HA highlights the potential for the attachment with FeOx to diminish the original source-specific signatures of DOM,thereby contributing to the shared DOM characteristics observed across diverse aquatic environments.

Freeze-induced acceleration of iodide oxidation and consequent iodination of dissolved organic matter to form organoiodine compounds

Freeze-induced acceleration of I–oxidation and the consequent iodination of dissolved organic matter(DOM)contribute to the formation of organoiodine compounds(OICs)in cold regions.The formed OICs may be a potentially important source of risk and are very closely with the environment and human health.Herein,we investigated the acceleration effects of the freeze process on I–oxidation and the formation of OICs.In comparison to reactive iodine species(RIS)formed in aqueous solutions,I–oxidation and RIS formation were greatly enhanced in frozen solution and were affected by pH,and the content of I–and O_(2).Freeze-thaw process further promoted I–oxidation and the concentration of RIS reached 45.7μmol/L after 6 freeze-thaw cycles.The consequent products of DOM iodination were greatly promoted in terms of both concentration and number.The total content of OICs ranged from 0.02 to 2.83μmol/L under various conditions.About 183–1197 OICs were detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry,and more than 96.2%contained one or two iodine atoms.Most OICs had aromatic structures and were formed via substitution and addition reactions.Our findings reveal an important formation pathway for OICs and shed light on the biogeochemical cycling of iodine in the natural aquatic environment.

Spatial heterogeneity and compositional profiles of dissolved organic matter in farmland soils across China' Mainland

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays an essential role in many geochemical processes,however its complexity, chemical diversity, and molecular composition are poorly understood. Soil samples were collected from 500 vegetable fields in administrative regions of China' Mainland, of which 122 were selected for further investigation. DOM properties were characterized by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix(3D-EEM) fuorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FTICRMS)(field intensity is 15 Tesla). Our results indicated that the main constituents were UVA humic-like substances, humic-like substances, fulvic acid-like substances, and tyrosine-like substances. A total of 10,989 molecular formulae with a mass range of 100.04 to 799.59 Da were detected, covering the mass spectrometric information of the soil samples from 27 different regions. CHO and CHON molecules were dominant in DOM, whereas lignin, tannins,and aromatic substances served as the main components. The results of cluster analysis revealed that the soil properties in Jiangxi Province were considerably different from those in other regions. The key backgrounds of the DOM molecular characteristics in the vegetablefield soil samples across China' Mainland were provided at the molecular level, with large abundance and great variability.

How aromatic dissolved organic matter differs in competitiveness against organic micropollutant adsorption

Activated carbon is employed for the adsorption of organic micropollutants(OMPs)from water,typically present in concentrations ranging from ng L1 to mg L1.However,the efficacy of OMP removal is considerably deteriorated due to competitive adsorption from background dissolved organic matter(DOM),present at substantially higher concentrations in mg L1.Interpreting the characteristics of competitive DOM is crucial in predicting OMP adsorption efficiencies across diverse natural waters.Molecular weight(MW),aromaticity,and polarity influence DOM competitiveness.Although the aromaticity-related metrics,such as UV254,of low MW DOM were proposed to correlate with DOM competitiveness,the method suffers from limitations in understanding the interplay of polarity and aromaticity in determining DOM competitiveness.Here,we elucidate the intricate influence of aromaticity and polarity in low MW DOM competition,spanning from a fraction level to a compound level,by employing direct sample injection liquid chromatography coupled with ultrahigh-resolution Fouriertransform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.Anion exchange resin pre-treatment eliminated 93%of UV254-active DOM,predominantly aromatic and polar DOM,and only minimally alleviated DOM competition.Molecular characterization revealed that nonpolar molecular formulas(constituting 26%PAC-adsorbable DOM)with medium aromaticity contributed more to the DOM competitiveness.Isomerlevel analysis indicated that the competitiveness of highly aromatic LMW DOM compounds was strongly counterbalanced by increased polarity.Strong aromaticity-derived p-p interaction cannot facilitate the competitive adsorption of hydrophilic DOM compounds.Our results underscore the constraints of depending solely on aromaticity-based approaches as the exclusive interpretive measure for DOM competitiveness.In a broader context,this study demonstrates an effect-oriented DOM analysis,elucidating counterbalancing interactions of DOM molecular properties from fraction to compound level.

废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥过程中DOM的光谱特征研究

堆肥是废弃菌菇棒资源化利用的重要途径,而堆肥过程中溶解性有机物(Dissolved organic matter,DOM)的变化特征对探究堆肥反应过程具有重要意义。因此,为探究废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥过程中DOM的光谱特征及废弃菌菇棒的腐殖化过程,采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和荧光光谱(FS),对堆体中DOM的结构与组成变化进行研究。UV-Vis结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,DOM的不饱和度和芳构化程度增强;紫外光谱特征参数SUVA254、SUVA269和SUVA280增大,E250/E365值(250和365 nm处吸光度的比值)降低,说明堆肥中木质素类物质被分解转化为芳香化合物,芳香化程度加深,且DOM分子量增加;E253/E203(253和203 nm处吸光度的比值)和A240~400(240~400 nm范围内紫外光谱的积分面积)增大表明DOM苯环上脂肪链被氧化分解,产生了羟基、羰基等官能团,使得分子缩聚程度及腐殖化程度加深。FTIR结果表明,DOM中脂肪族类和多糖类物质逐渐减少,芳香族类物质含量增加。发射荧光光谱418 nm处的荧光峰表明初始物料中含有大量结构相对复杂的类腐殖物质;334和418 nm处的荧光峰红移至428 nm附近,说明结构简单的物质不断被分解利用,芳香基团进一步缩合,形成共轭程度高、结构更复杂的类腐殖质物质。同步荧光光谱中蛋白质类物质区积分面积比例(APLR)降低了42.1%,富里酸类物质区积分面积比例(AFLR)和胡敏酸类物质区积分面积比例(AHLR)分别增加14.0%和152.3%,说明类蛋白质物质和单芳香族化合物不断被分解利用,而类胡敏酸物质和类富里酸物质不断形成,同时存在富里酸类物质向更稳定的胡敏酸类物质转化的过程。利用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析将DOM解析为类富里酸(C1)、类胡敏酸(C2)和类蛋白物质(C3)三类组分。与堆肥初期相比,堆肥结束时C1和C2组分占比分别增加22.42%和126.91%,C3组分占比降低73.32%,且C1和C2组分占比之和达90.04%,表明类蛋白物质含量降低,类腐殖物质显著增加,最终成为DOM的主要成分。研究显示,废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥DOM的芳香化和腐殖化程度随堆肥的进行逐渐加深,且主要发生在堆肥前期。

洞庭湖DOM组成与有机碳收支对江湖水力连通的响应

洞庭湖是我国最大的通江湖泊之一,为探究洞庭湖溶解性有机物(DOM)组成、(DOC)收支与江湖水力连通间的内在关联,于2018年5月、7月、9月和11月在洞庭湖湘、资、沅、澧4支流和长江荆南松滋、虎渡、藕池3个入湖口以及洞庭湖出湖口城陵矶采集水样,并探究洞庭湖流域DOM的组成分异特征及其对江湖水力连通的响应.结果表明,入湖河流和城陵矶DOM吸收系数a254和陆源类腐殖酸组分C1在7月最高.DOC由入湖口(2.4±1.3mg)/L下降至出湖口(2.1±0.3)mg/L,而a254由入湖口(9.7±2.2)m^(-1)上升至出湖口(10.1±1.7)m^(-1).微生物培养前的DOC浓度为(2.4±1.0)mg/L,微生物降解后的DOC浓度为(2.1±0.9mg)/L,DOC的微生物活性,即BDOC最高值出现在澧水为50.3%.5月、7月、9月和11月入湖的DOC通量分别为(63.7±43.6)×10^(3)t,(60.1±7.3)×10^(3)t,(27.6±3.6)×10^(3)t,(31.9±13.9)×10^(3)t.洞庭湖因自身水力滞留时间短,导致DOM在湖内运移过程中较少被降解,全湖DOM来源组成受流域不同季节来水条件影响较大.

基于CDOM光谱特征的泥页岩产气特征评价

泥页岩中可溶有机质(DOM)组成和可降解性是影响生物气形成的重要因素,开发简便有效的方法来评估可溶有机质的组成、官能团特征和微生物活性等,可为泥页岩生物气田产气机制分析提供关键的基础信息。采集了柴达木盆地涩探1井1219~1309 m泥质岩心,基于有色可溶有机质(CDOM)的三维荧光(EEM)和紫外可见吸收光谱特征,分析了可溶有机质的组分、官能团特征和易降解程度,了解了产甲烷菌可利用底物的分布情况。结果表明:涩探1井岩心有机质以易降解的类色氨酸荧光组分C1和C3为主,占比70.54%;荧光组分、荧光参数HIX、BIX和吸光系数E_(253)/E_(203)、SUVA_(254)共同指示1219~1222 m和1285~1301 m2个层位有机质腐殖化程度较低,芳香性较弱,为潜在的产气活跃层位。研究表明CDOM光谱可以作为分析泥页岩可溶有机质特征的有效方法,其结果反映了产甲烷菌可利用底物和微生物活性等特征,为烃源层系内生物产气预测提供有效的重要信息。

Labile and stabile soil organic carbon fractions in surface horizons of mountain soils–relationships with vegetation and altitude

Global and local climate changes could disturb carbon sequestration and carbon stocks in forest soils. Thus, it is important to characterize the stability of soil organic matter and the dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions in forest ecosystems. This study had two aims:(1) to evaluate the effects of altitude and vegetation on the content of labile and stabile forms of organic carbon in the mountain soils; and(2) to assess the impact of the properties of soil organic matter on the SOC pools under changing environmental conditions. The studies were conducted in the Karkonosze Mountains(SW Poland, Central Europe). The content of the most labile fraction of carbon(dissolved organic carbon,DOC) decreases with altitude, but the content of fulvic acids(FA), clearly increases in the zone above 1000 m asl, while the stabile fraction(humins, nonhydrolyzing carbon) significantly decreases. A higher contribution of stabile forms was found in soils under coniferous forests(Norway spruce), while a smaller-under deciduous forests(European beech) and on grasslands. The expected climate change and the ongoing land use transformations in the zone above1000 m asl may lead to a substantial increase in the stable humus fraction(mainly of a non-hydrolyzing carbon) and an increase in the SOC pools, even if humus acids are characterized by a lower maturity and greater mobility favorable to soil podzolization.In the lower zone(below 1000 m asl), a decrease in the most stable humus forms can be expected,accompanied by an increase of DOC contribution,which will result in a reduction in SOC pools. Overall,the expected prevailing(spatial) effect is a decreasing contribution of the most stable humus fractions,which will be associated with a reduction in the SOC pools in medium-high mountains of temperate zone of Central Europe.