Distal margin distance in radical resection of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy

Colorectal cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate in China, with the majority of cases being middle and low rectal cancer. Surgical intervention is currently the main treatment modality for locally advanced rectal cancer, with the common goal of improving oncological outcomes while preserving function. The controversy regarding the circumferential resection margin distance in rectal cancer surgery has been resolved. With the promotion of neoadjuvant therapy concepts and advancements in technology, treatment strategies have become more diverse.Following tumor downstaging, there is an increasing trend towards extending the safe distance of distal rectal margin. This provides more opportunities for patients with low rectal cancer to preserve their anal function.However, there is currently no consensus on the specific distance of distal resection margin.

Treating acute low back pain with acupuncture:A randomized controlled study protocol to compare the effectiveness between distal and local acupoints

Objective:To compare the efficacy of using“distal acupoints only”vs.“local acupoints mainly combined with distal acupoints”in cases of acute low back pain(ALBP).Methods: A total of 102 eligible patients aged 18–65 years with ALBP lasting less than 6 weeks will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the distal acupoints only group(DPOG)and the local acupoints mainly combined with the distal acupoints group(LPMG).During a 4-week treatment period,patients in the DPOG will receive acupuncture at distal acupoints only(Houxi[SI 3]and Yaotongxue[EX-UE 7])twice a week,while those in the LPMG group will receive acupuncture at local acupoints(mainly Shenshu[BL 23]and Dachangshu[BL 25])combined with distal points(Weizhong[BL 40]).The patients in both groups will be evaluated at every session of treatment,and the follow-up will be performed for 3 months.The primary outcome measure will be the change in ALBP intensity,assessed using visual analogue scale scores before and after treatment.The secondary outcome measure will be the evaluation of functional disability using the Oswestry Disability Index.Discussion: This study compares the DPOG and LPMG to explore the feasibility of the DPOG in the treatment of ALBP.

Hemiarthroplasty for irreparable distal radius fractures in the elderly:A comprehensive review

BACKGROUND Elderly patients maintaining functional independence can now be candidates for primary wrist hemiarthroplasty to manage acute irreparable distal radius fractures(DRFs).However,further investigation with long-term follow-up is required to validate these initial findings.AIM To review the literature on the outcomes of distal radius hemiarthroplasty with available implants to assess its viability as a treatment option.METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Medline,and Scopus.The search terms employed were"distal radius fracture","hemiarthroplasty","wrist arthroplasty",and related terminology.The search was restricted to articles published in English from 1980 until June 2023.Inclusion criteria encompassed cases or case series of DRF treated with hemiarthroplasty,providing clinical or radiographic outcomes,and published in peer-reviewed journals.RESULTS A total of 2508 articles from PubMed and 883 from Scopus were identified initially.Following screening and removal of duplicates,13 articles met the inclusion criteria.These articles,predominantly clinical retrospective studies,provided insights into hemiarthroplasty outcomes,including functional improvements and complications.Hemiarthroplasty was a treatment option for complex DRF,particularly those cases with severe comminution,intraarticular involvement,or severe osteoporosis.Functional outcomes demonstrated improvements in pain relief,wrist mobility,and grip strength,with variability across studies.Complications included implant loosening,infection,nerve injury,and stiffness,with varying incidence rates influenced by surgical techniques and implant choice.Long-term outcomes were inadequately documented,warranting further research.CONCLUSION Hemiarthroplasty is a promising treatment for irreparable DRF in the elderly.Long-term outcomes and complications require further study.

Preoperative systemic inflammatory response index as a prognostic marker for distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND The relationship between preoperative inflammation status and tumorigenesis as well as tumor progression is widely acknowledged.AIM To assess the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)who underwent pancreat-oduodenectomy(PD).METHODS This single-center study included 216 patients with dCCA after PD between January 1,2011,and December 31,2022.The individuals were categorized into two sets based on their systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)levels:A low SIRI group(SIRI<1.5,n=123)and a high SIRI group(SIRI≥1.5,n=93).Inflam-matory biomarkers were evaluated for predictive accuracy using receiver operating characteristic curves.Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to estimate SIRI for overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS).RESULTS The study included a total of 216 patients,with 58.3%being male and a mean age of 65.6±9.6 years.123 patients were in the low SIRI group and 93 were in the high SIRI group after PD for dCCA.SIRI had an area under the curve value of 0.674 for diagnosing dCCA,showing better performance than other inflammatory biomarkers.Multivariate analysis indicated that having a SIRI greater than 1.5 independently increased the risk of dCCA following PD,leading to lower OS[hazard ratios(HR)=1.868,P=0.006]and RFS(HR=0.949,P<0.001).Additionally,survival analysis indicated a significantly better prognosis for patients in the low SIRI group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION It is determined that a high SIRI before surgery is a significant risk factor for dCCA after PD.

Lung cancer metastasis-induced distal esophageal segmental spasm confirmed by individualized peroral endoscopic myotomy:A case report

BACKGROUND Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has been widely performed as a standard treatment for achalasia;however,its efficacy and safety for treating distal esophageal segmental spasms induced by cancer metastasis remain unknown.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old male was referred to our hospital and complained of progressive dysphagia for two years.Endoscopy revealed a 2 cm long segment esophageal stenosis with intact mucosa and normal cardia.Computed tomography showed a right upper lung mass,and pathology of the right pleural effusion confirmed the diagnosis of right upper lung adenocarcinoma with multiple rib and mediastinal lymph node metastases and right malignant pleural effusion.Individualized POEM was performed first to alleviate dysphagia,and the final diagnosis was changed to esophageal muscle metastasis arising from lung adenocarcinoma.After treatment,the patient could eat soft solid food and received multiple rounds of pembrolizumab-combination chemotherapy.The patient’s progression-free survival was approximately 16 months.Long stable disease was obtained during the 24-month follow-up.CONCLUSION The incidence of distal esophageal segmental spasms induced by muscular metastasis arising from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely low.Individualized POEM can effectively improve a patient’s nutritional status before subsequent chemotherapy can be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Knee Osteoarthritis Progression after Distal Femur Closing Wedge Osteotomy

Background: Despite the conservative treatment of tibio-femoral osteoarthritis through realignment osteotomies, the rate of total knee replacements following an osteotomy is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis after a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy. Methods: Hospital-based observational study on 20 patients who underwent a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy evaluating the progression of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Laurence classification. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the variation in the progressive stage of the Kellgren and Laurence classification of knee osteoarthritis preoperatively and at the final follow up. Univariate analysis made it possible to determine the factors associated with progression. The final significance threshold for statistical tests was set at 5% (p Results: Overall, the mean follow-up of 46 months ± 6.6 months, with a mean age of 43 years (range: 27 - 69 years) and a female predominance (M: F = 3/7). The progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis following a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is associated with valgus or varum malalignment been a moderate valgus (OR 6.2 [1.5 - 42.7] at 95% CI;p-value = 0.02), a correction of the mechanical deviation angle with a valgus alignment (OR 2.7 [0.9 - 8.3] at 95% CI), and loss of correction (OR 3.8 [1.3 - 11.6] at 95% CI;p -value) for the lateral compartment while varus alignment (OR 1.7 [0.9 - 8.3] 95% CI, p-value = 0.05) and with rupture of the lateral cortex (OR 2.8 [1.7 - 11.5] 95% CI, p-value = 0.02) were those of the medial compartment. Conclusion: Distal femur closing wedge osteotomy does not definitively interrupt the progression of valgus knee osteoarthritis. The factors associated with the progression of this pathology are modifiable. Taking them into account when performing this surgical technique could improve the osteotomy survival curve.

Evaluation of Surgical Treatment of Distal Humeral Fractures in Adults

Introduction: Fractures of the distal end of the humerus are becoming increasingly frequent in young subjects because of the increase in road traffic accidents, and in elderly subjects because of osteoporosis related to aging populations. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, monocentric study from January 2018 to December 2020 involving 14 patients who received and were treated surgically for distal humeral fractures and followed up. Results: We collected 14 patients, including 11 men (78.57%) and 3 women (21.43%), with a sex ratio of 3.7. The mean age was 36.41 years. The circumstances of onset were dominated by road traffic accidents, with 12 cases (85.71%). The dominant side was right-handed, with 11 cases (78.57%). Standard elbow radiography revealed 8 cases of type A fractures (57.14%), 4 cases of type B and 2 cases of type C fractures of the AO. We performed Lecestre plate osteosynthesis in 12 patients and external fixator in 2 others, using the trans-olecranial and transtricipital approaches. Elbow stiffness was the most frequent complication, with 6 cases (42.86%). After six months’ follow-up, our results were excellent and good in 78.57% of cases (MEPS). Conclusion: Surgical treatment with posterior approaches enabled us to achieve restitution of the articular surfaces, solid restraint and early mobilization of the elbow with satisfactory functional results.

上颌组牙三维有限元模型的建立及Carrière Distalizer矫治器的力学分析

目的建立一侧有效的自然排列的上颌尖牙和第一磨牙及周围牙槽骨的三维有限元模型,分析在Carrière Distalizer矫治器作用下,组牙的应力分布及其位移特点。方法通过螺旋CT扫描获得精确的组牙及颌骨DICOM格式的图像信息,采用Mimics三维建模软件和Ansys有限元分析软件建立及拟合上颌骨中正常位置的上颌组牙及其周围牙槽骨的三维有限元模型,模拟Carrière Distalizer矫治器的力学实验并进行相关分析。结果成功建立了上颌组牙及其周围牙槽骨的三维有限元模型。力学实验显示,尖牙和磨牙颈部剖面腭侧应力分布及位移明显小于颊侧、远中和近中,表现为类似旋转移动的柱状图形;而尖牙和磨牙整个远中剖面的应力分布及位移规律基本相同,均表现为自牙颈部向牙根部逐渐衰减的倾斜移动的曲线。结论本实验创建的上颌组牙及其周围牙槽骨的三维有限元模型,达到了几何外形和生物力学的相似性,可用于精确的生物力学分析;尖牙和磨牙在CD的作用下,应力分布及位移规律均呈现有旋转和倾斜移动的趋势。

长、短型Ⅱ类牵引对Carrière Distalizer作用的有限元分析

目的利用有限元分析法,比较Carrière Distalizer矫治器作用下,长、短型Ⅱ类牵引对上颌组牙应力分布及位移的影响。方法构建Carrière Distalizer矫治器作用模式的三维有限元模型,分别以下颌第一或第二磨牙作Ⅱ类牵引的起点,实施长、短型牵引。本研究设定加载力值为150克,分析上颌尖牙和磨牙应力分布及位移的差异。结果两个位置的牵引效果总体趋势相同。尖牙的旋转移动和倾斜移动趋势强于磨牙,两个牵引起点的作用差异不显著。结论在做Ⅱ类弹性牵引时,无论长牵引还是短牵引,都不会过多的影响牵引效果。

Carriere Distalizer矫治器牵引力加载高度对尖磨牙的影响

目的利用有限元分析法,比较Carriere Distalizer矫治器作用时,加载于尖牙不同高度的牵引力对上颌组牙应力分布及位移的影响。方法构建Carriere Distalizer矫治器作用模式的三维有限元模型,分别以6个不同牵引高度加载,加载力值均为150 g,分析上颌尖牙和磨牙应力分布及位移的差异。结果六个载荷点下无论尖牙还是磨牙,其应力和位移变化几近相同,应力及位移曲线表现为完美的重叠线;不同尖牙牵引钩高度,对尖牙牙颈部应力的影响主要表现在远中侧和颊侧,对磨牙牙颈部的影响主要表现在近中侧和颊侧。二者对腭侧的影响均为最小。结论 CD牵引钩高度的变化对尖牙应力及位移影响趋势和强度趋同;对磨牙的影响趋势一致,但强度不同,呈递进态势。

Distal Jet矫治器在远中移动磨牙中的应用

Distal Jet矫治器可矫治安氏Ⅱ类牙性错(牙合)或上牙弓轻、中度拥挤,并可竖直下颌磨牙。本文对Distal Jet矫治器的不同设计、制作、应用及治疗效果进行了综述,使临床医生对该矫治器有更全面的了解,从而有效地推上颌磨牙向远中,矫治Ⅱ类错(牙合)。

区间和圆周上的distal自映射

本文研究distal连续自映射,给出了区间和圆周上distal连续自映射的刻画,并证明了对于连续自映射,等度连续性不能蕴涵distal性.

Redefining endoluminal biliary drainage:Challenges and innovations in endosonography-guided techniques

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is considered the gold standard for treating benign and malignant biliary obstructions.However,its use in complex biliary obstructions is limited.Over the past decades,therapeutic endosonography(EUS)and emerging technologies such as lumen-apposing metal stents have enabled endoscopic treatment of conditions previously requiring nonendoscopic or surgical approaches.Studies show that EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy is a reliable alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of distal malignant biliary obstructions and can be considered a primary drainage modality in centers with adequate expertise.For malignant hilar biliary obstructions,draining at least 50%of viable liver tissue often requires combining different modalities.The treatment strategy in these patients should be individualized,depending on the Bismuth classification,patient physical status,and intended systemic therapy.Due to the lack of evidence,general recommendations cannot be made for EUS-guided hepaticoduodenostomy or combined procedures with transhepatic bridging stents.These novel techniques should be limited to selected palliative cases where conventional methods have failed and conducted within clinical trials to generate evidence before broader application.

Distal流的有关性质

研究了紧度量空间上ｄｉｓｔａｌ流的有关性质，得出以下结论：１） 紧度量空间上的同胚是ｄｉｓｔａｌ同胚当且仅当它的扭扩流是ｄｉｓｔａｌ流；２） Ｄｉｓｔａｌ流经提升或投射后仍是ｄｉｓｔａｌ流．

改良式Distal Jet矫治器在矫治安氏Ⅱ类错合中的应用

因上颌磨牙前移所致的安氏Ⅱ类错殆患者常出现上前牙区轻、中度牙列拥挤，如无严重骨性畸形及生长型异常，临床上常采用推上颌磨牙远移的方法来获得间隙，以解除牙列拥挤，改善上下颌磨牙关系。DistalJet矫治器作为一种不需要患者配合的口内远移装置在临床上已取得很好的疗效，但由于该矫治器产生的远中推力作用于舌侧，其力的作用方向并不是完全与牙齿的预期移动方向相平行，在推磨牙远移过程中产生颊侧移动的分力，

华沙圈上连续映射的distality与等度连续性

设W为华沙圈,f:W→W为连续映射.本文得到了f为distal的一个刻画并且讨论了f的distality与等度连续性的关系.证明了:(i)f是distal的当且仅当f为恒等映射.(ii)如果f为满射,则f是distal的当且仅当f为等度连续的.

Carriere Distalizer矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错畸形的临床应用

目的:观察Carriere Distalizer矫治器在安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者前期治疗的应用效果。方法:选择安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错12例,上颌粘结Carriere distalizer矫治器,下颌双侧第一磨牙上放置附带固定舌弓的带环,颌间弹性Ⅱ类牵引拉双侧上颌磨牙远移。结果:经过1-6个月调整,12例患者平均每侧上颌磨牙远中移动3.68mm,建立稳定Ⅰ类磨牙关系。结论:通过高效、快速远中移动上颌磨牙,矫正磨牙关系,Carriere Distalizer矫治器为安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错非拔牙固定正畸治疗提供了可能。

Roux-en-Y versus BillrothⅠreconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer:A meta-analysis

AIM: To conduct a meta-analysis to compare Roux-en-Y (R-Y) gastrojejunostomy with gastroduodenal Billroth?I?(B-I) anastomosis after distal gastrectomy (DG) for gastric cancer.METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify studies comparing R-Y with B-I?after DG for gastric cancer from January 1990 to November 2012 in Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95%CI were calculated using either ?xed or random effects model. Operative outcomes such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative outcomes such as anastomotic leakage and stricture, bile re?ux, remnant gastritis, re?ux esophagitis, dumping symptoms, delayed gastric emptying and hospital stay were the main outcomes assessed. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.0 software (Cochrane library).RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 9 non-randomized observational clinical studies (OCS) involving 478 and 1402 patients respectively were included. Meta-analysis of RCTs revealed that R-Y reconstruction was associated with a reduced bile re?ux (OR 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.14; P < 0.00?001) and remnant gastritis (OR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.66; P = 0.0001), however needing a longer operation time (WMD 40.02, 95%CI: 13.93, 66.11; P = 0.003). Meta-analysis of OCS also revealed R-Y reconstruction had a lower incidence of bile re?ux (OR 0.21, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.54; P = 0.001), remnant gastritis (OR 0.18, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.29; P < 0.00?001) and re?ux esophagitis (OR 0.48, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.89; P = 0.02). However, this reconstruction method was found to be associated with a longer operation time (WMD 31.30, 95%CI: 12.99, 49.60; P = 0.0008).CONCLUSION: This systematic review point towards some clinical advantages that are rendered by R-Y compared to B-I?reconstruction post DG. However there is a need for further adequately powered, well-designed RCTs comparing the same.

Application value of enhanced recovery after surgery for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy.METHODS The clinical data of 42 patients who were divided into an ERAS group(n = 20) and a control group(n = 22) were collected. The observed indicators included operation conditions, postoperative clinical indexes, and postoperative serum stress indexes. Measurement data following a normal distribution are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed by t-test. Count data were analyzed by χ~2 test.RESULTS The operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and number of patients with conversion to opensurgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Postoperative clinical indexes, including the time to initial anal exhaust, time to initial liquid diet intake, time to out-of-bed activity, and duration of hospital stay of patients without complications, were significantly different between the two groups(t = 2.045, 8.685, 2.580, and 4.650, respectively, P < 0.05 for all). However, the time to initial defecation, time to abdominal drainage-tube removal, and the early postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Regarding postoperative complications, on the first and third days after the operation, the white blood cell count(WBC) and C reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The perioperative ERAS program for total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy is safe and effective and should be popularized. Additionally, this program can also reduce the duration of hospital stay and improve the degree of comfort and satisfaction of patients.