The relativistic and distorted wave effects are investigated for the electron momentum distributions of Xe 4d electrons.The theoretical results show good agreements with the experimental data measured previously with ...The relativistic and distorted wave effects are investigated for the electron momentum distributions of Xe 4d electrons.The theoretical results show good agreements with the experimental data measured previously with electron momentum spectroscopy. The distorted wave effect and the relativistic effect are found to play important roles in the low and high momentum regions, respectively.展开更多
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the wave front distortion in critically phase-matched continuouswave(CW) second harmonic generation(SHG).Due to the walk-off effect in the nonlinear crystal,the gene...We theoretically and experimentally investigate the wave front distortion in critically phase-matched continuouswave(CW) second harmonic generation(SHG).Due to the walk-off effect in the nonlinear crystal,the generated second harmonic is extremely elliptical and quite non-Gaussian,which causes a very low matching and coupling efficiency in experiment.Cylindrical lenses and walk-off compensating crystals are adopted to correct distorted wave fronts,and obtain a good TEM00 mode efficiently.Theoretically,we simulate the correction effect of 266-nm laser generated with SHG.The experiment results accord well with the theoretical simulation and an above 80% TEM_(00) component is obtained for 266-nm continuous-wave laser with a 4.8?-walk-off angle in beta barium borate(BBO) crystal.展开更多
This article investigates the effects of the capacity-differentiated regulations that are popular in China. These regulations usually involve measures that gradually shut down small plants while allowing them to conti...This article investigates the effects of the capacity-differentiated regulations that are popular in China. These regulations usually involve measures that gradually shut down small plants while allowing them to continue to operate until shutdown. We use a panel data set from coal-fired power plants during the period from 2003 to 2010 and employ the input demand equations and the difference-in-differences method to quantify the effects of these regulations. Our findings, which are robust to a variety of specifications, indicate that regulations of this type reduce capital spending and fuel efficiencies in the vulnerable small plants that are subject to shutdown under this regulation. We find no effect on the operating expenses of these small plants.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11327404 and U1432118)the Natural Science Research Programme of Education Department of Anhui Province,China(Grant Nos.KJ2013A260 and KJ2016A749)
文摘The relativistic and distorted wave effects are investigated for the electron momentum distributions of Xe 4d electrons.The theoretical results show good agreements with the experimental data measured previously with electron momentum spectroscopy. The distorted wave effect and the relativistic effect are found to play important roles in the low and high momentum regions, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91436103)Research Programme of National University of Defense Technology,China(Grant No.JC15-02-03)
文摘We theoretically and experimentally investigate the wave front distortion in critically phase-matched continuouswave(CW) second harmonic generation(SHG).Due to the walk-off effect in the nonlinear crystal,the generated second harmonic is extremely elliptical and quite non-Gaussian,which causes a very low matching and coupling efficiency in experiment.Cylindrical lenses and walk-off compensating crystals are adopted to correct distorted wave fronts,and obtain a good TEM00 mode efficiently.Theoretically,we simulate the correction effect of 266-nm laser generated with SHG.The experiment results accord well with the theoretical simulation and an above 80% TEM_(00) component is obtained for 266-nm continuous-wave laser with a 4.8?-walk-off angle in beta barium borate(BBO) crystal.
文摘This article investigates the effects of the capacity-differentiated regulations that are popular in China. These regulations usually involve measures that gradually shut down small plants while allowing them to continue to operate until shutdown. We use a panel data set from coal-fired power plants during the period from 2003 to 2010 and employ the input demand equations and the difference-in-differences method to quantify the effects of these regulations. Our findings, which are robust to a variety of specifications, indicate that regulations of this type reduce capital spending and fuel efficiencies in the vulnerable small plants that are subject to shutdown under this regulation. We find no effect on the operating expenses of these small plants.