A distributed scheme developed for eco-hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River

Modeling the hydrological processes at catchment scale requires a flexible distributed scheme to represent the catchment to- pography, river network and vegetation pattern. This study has developed a distributed scheme for eco-hydrological simulation in the upper Heihe River. Based on a 1 km x 1 km grid system, the study catchment is divided into 461 sub-catchments, whose main streams form the streamflow pathway. Furthermore, a 1 km grid is represented by a number of topographically similar ＂hillslope-valley＂ systems, and the hillslope is the basic unit of the eco-hydrological simulation. This model is tested with a simplified hydrological simulation focusing on soil-water dynamics and streamflow routing. Based on a 12-year simulation from 2001 to 2012, it is found that variability in hydrological behavior is closely associated with climatic and landscape condi- tions especially vegetation types. The subsurface and groundwater flows dominate the total river runoff. This implies that the soil freezing and thawing process would significantly influence the runoff generation in the upper Heihe basin. Furthermore, the runoff components and water balance characteristics vary among different vegetation types, showing the importance of coupling the vegetation pattern into catchment hydrological simulation. This paper also discusses the model improvement to be done in future study.

A Distributed Optimal Scheme Based on Local QoS for Web Service Composition

The goal of web service composition is to choose an optimal scheme according to Quantity of Service （QoS） which selects instances in a distributed network. The networks are clustered with some web services such as ontologies, algorithms and rule engines with similar function and interfaces. In this scheme, web services acted as candidate service construct a distributed model which can＇t obtain the global services＇ information. The model is utilized to choose instances according to local QoS information in the progress of service composition. Some QoS matrixes are used to record and compare the instance paths and then choose a better one. Simulation result has proven that our ~pproach has a tradeoff between efficiency and ~quality.

Quantum Distributed Ballot Scheme Based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger State

Motivated by the complementary relations of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled tripletparticlestates,a novel way of realizing quantum distributed ballot scheme is proposed.The ballot information is encodedby local operations performed on the particles of entangled GHZ triplet states,which ensures the security of the presentscheme.In order to guarantee the security of this scheme,the checking phase is designed in detail on the basis of theentangled GHZ triplet state.The analysis shows the security of the proposed scheme.

Log Likelihood Ratio-Based Relaying for Distributed Turbo Codes

A distributed turbo codes（ DTC） scheme with log likelihood ratio（ LLR）-based threshold at the relay for a two-hop relay networks is proposed. Different from traditional DTC schemes,the retransmission scheme at the relay,where imperfect decoding occurs,is considered in the proposed scheme. By employing a LLR-based threshold at the relay in the proposed scheme,the reliability of decoder-LLRs can be measured. As a result,only reliable symbols will be forwarded to the destination and a maximum ratio combiner（ MRC） is used to combine signals received from both the source and the relay. In order to obtain the optimal threshold at the relay,an equivalent model of decoderLLRs is investigated,so as to derive the expression of the bit error probability（ BEP） of the proposed scheme under binary phase shift keying（ BPSK） modulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate error propagation at the relay and also outperforms other existing methods.

Burden Distribution for Bell-Less Top With Two Parallel Hoppers

The circumferential burden distribution of bell-less top with two parallel hoppers was analyzed to obtain the expressions of burden flux and uneven ratio. The four-batch feeding spirally with two parallel hoppers was proposed to realize even burden distribution by uneven flux, ensuring reasonable distribution of BF gas and effective usage of heat energy and chemical energy of gas as well as stable BF production with higher quality and lower consumption.

Distributed Real-time State Estimation for Combined Heat and Power Systems

This paper proposes a distributed real-time state estimation(RTSE)method for the combined heat and power systems(CHPSs).First,a difference-based model for the heat system is established considering the dynamics of heat systems.This heat system model is further used along with the power system steady-state model for holistic CHPS state estimation.A cubature Kalman filter(CKF)-based RTSE is developed to deal with the system nonlinearity while integrating both the historical and present measurement information.Finally,a multi-timescale asynchronous distributed computation scheme is designed to enhance the scalability of the proposed method for largescale systems.This distributed implementation requires only a small amount of information exchange and thus protects the privacy of different energy systems.Simulations carried out on two CHPSs show that the proposed method can significantly improve the estimation efficiency of CHPS without loss of accuracy compared with other existing models and methods.

Development of Residual Distribution Schemes for the Discontinuous Galerkin Method:The Scalar Case with Linear Elements

In this paper,we reformulate the piecewise linear discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for solving two dimensional steady state scalar conservation laws in the framework of residual distribution(RD)schemes.This allows us to propose a new class of nonlinear stabilization that does not destroy the formal accuracy of the schemes.Numerical results are shown to demonstrate the behavior of this approach.

A Residual Distribution Method Using Discontinuous Elements for the Computation of Possibly Non Smooth Flows

In this paper,we describe a residual distribution(RD)method where,contrarily to“standard”this type schemes,the mesh is not necessarily conformal.It also allows to use discontinuous elements,contrarily to the“standard”case where continuous elements are requested.Moreover,if continuity is forced,the scheme is similar to the standard RD case.Hence,the situation becomes comparable with the Discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method,but it is simpler to implement than DG and has guaranteed L^(∞)bounds.We focus on the second-order case,but the method can be easily generalized to higher degree polynomials.

Conservative Residual Distribution Method for Viscous Double Cone Flows in Thermochemical Nonequilibrium

Amulti-dimensionally upwind conservative ResidualDistribution algorithm for simulating viscous axisymmetric hypersonic flows in thermo-chemical nonequilibrium on unstructured grids is presented and validated in the case of the complex flowfield over a double cone configuration.The resulting numerical discretization combines a state-of-the-art nonlinear quasi-monotone second order blended scheme for distributing the convective residual and a standard Galerkin formulation for the diffusive residual.The physical source terms are upwinded together with the convective fluxes.Numerical results show an excellent agreement with experimental measurements and available literature.

Variable High-Order Multiblock Overlapping Grid Methods for Mixed Steady and Unsteady Multiscale Viscous Flows,Part II:Hypersonic Nonequilibrium Flows

The variable high-order multiblock overlapping(overset)grids method of Sj¨ogreen&Yee[CiCP,Vol.5,2009]for a perfect gas has been extended to nonequilibrium flows.This work makes use of the recently developed high-order well-balanced shock-capturing schemes and their filter counterparts[Wang et al.,J.Comput.Phys.,2009,2010]that exactly preserve certain non-trivial steady state solutions of the chemical nonequilibrium governing equations.Multiscale turbulence with strong shocks and flows containing both steady and unsteady components is best treated by mixing of numerical methods and switching on the appropriate scheme in the appropriate subdomains of the flow fields,even under the multiblock grid or adaptive grid refinement framework.While low dissipative sixth-or higher-order shock-capturing filter methods are appropriate for unsteady turbulence with shocklets,second-and thirdorder shock-capturing methods are more effective for strong steady or nearly steady shocks in terms of convergence.It is anticipated that our variable high-order overset grid framework capability with its highly modular design will allow for an optimum synthesis of these new algorithms in such a way that the most appropriate spatial discretizations can be tailored for each particular region of the flow.In this paper some of the latest developments in single block high-order filter schemes for chemical nonequilibrium flows are applied to overset grid geometries.The numerical approach is validated on a number of test cases characterized by hypersonic conditions with strong shocks,including the reentry flow surrounding a 3D Apollo-like NASA Crew Exploration Vehicle that might contain mixed steady and unsteady components,depending on the flow conditions.

Privacy Preserving Query over Encrypted Multidimensional Massive Data in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is widely used in massive data outsourcing, but how to efficiently query encrypted multidimensional data stored in an untrusted cloud environment remains a research challenge. We propose a high performance and privacy-preserving query（p LSH-PPQ） scheme over encrypted multidimensional data to address this challenge. In our scheme, for a given query, the proxy server will return K top similar data object identifiers. An enhanced Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption（CP-ABE）policy is used to control access to the search results. Therefore, only the requester with the permission attribute can obtain correct secret keys to decrypt the data. Security analysis proves that the p LSH-PPQ scheme achieves data confidentiality and reserves the data owner＇s privacy in a semi-trusted cloud. In addition, evaluations demonstrate that the p LSH-PPQ scheme can significantly reduce response time and provide high search efficiency without compromising on search quality.