DISTRIBUTIONS OF TOTAL, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN THE SEDIMENTS NEAR THE HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY

For some hundred surface sediment samples from five cores taken in two cruises near the Huanghe River Estuary, total phosphorus (TP (.inorganic phosphorus (IP (and organic phosphorus (OP)were determined.On the average, 527×10-6, 455×10~6 and 72×10-6 were found for TP,IP and OP for the surface sediments taken in the two cruises. The distribution of OP and IP was controlled by the sample particle size: OP content increased with the decreasing of the sample particle size, while the maximal value of IP was found in the silt fraction due to the existence of apatite in our samples. Vertical distributions reflected well the channel change of the Huanghe River. Results from the multiple regressions between the three forms of phosphorus and the percentages of different particle size agreed well with the analytical data.

Study on Spatial Distribution of OM, N, P in Surface Soil around Lake Chaohu

The concentration of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic material (OM) at sixty grid division in Lake Chaohu basin around the lake was studied, in order to investigate their spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that the average concentrations of TN, TP and OM were 1027 mg/kg, 483 mg/kg, 1.95%, and their concentrations ranged from 253 mg/kg to 2273 mg/kg, 223 mg/kg to 1173 mg/kg and 0.291% to 5.48%, respectively. The high concentration areas were located at the basins of Tuogao river and Zhao river while the low concentration areas were located at basins of Pai river, Nanfei river and Dianpu river. The concentrations of TN and OM were higher in East part than in West part. The spatial distribution of TN, TP and OM concentrations of the surface soil showed inconsistent with those of the water quality of the inflow rivers and the lake and the TN and TP of lake sediment studied.

Analysis of Meteorological Elements and Distribution Characters of Surface Solar Radiation in Guangxi

[Objective] The aim was to study the relation between solar radiation distribution and meteorological elements in Guangxi. [Method] Based on the observed data of solar radiation in Guangxi from 1995 to 2009, the total radiation, solar distribution and interannual changes in Guangxi were analyzed. By dint of observed data in Nanning station, the annual, seasonal and monthly changes of net radiation in Nanning and the linear relation between total radiation, solar distribution characteristics and interannual changes were discussed. [Result] The global radiation of surface solar radiation in the low latitude was higher tan the high latitude, as Beihai>Nanning>Guilin. The solar radiation changes and the seasonal changes in different places varied, as summer>autumn>spring>winter. The total radiation and solar radiation hours were consistent. The total solar radiation and the low cloud was in negative relation, but was in positive relation with sunny weather. The total solar radiation was in positive relation with ground temperature, except in winter. [Conclusion] The study provided effective theoretical basis and data reference to the study of climate and development of solar energy.

A study of the strong pulses detected from PSR B0656+14 using the Urumqi 25-m radio telescope at 1540 MHz

We report on the properties of strong pulses from PSR B0656＋14 by analyzing the data obtained using the Urumqi 25-m radio telescope at 1540 MHz from August 2007 to September 2010.In 44 h of observational data,a total of 67 pulses with signal-to-noise ratios above a 5σthreshold were detected.The peak flux densities of these pulses are 58 to 194 times that of the average profile,and their pulse energies are 3 to 68 times that of the average pulse.These pulses are clustered around phases about 5-ahead of the peak of the average profile.Compared with the width of the average profile,they are relatively narrow,with the full widths at half-maximum ranging from 0.28 ° to 1.78 °.The distribution of pulse-energies follows a lognormal distribution.These sporadic strong pulses detected from PSR B0656＋14 have different characteristics from both typical giant pulses and its regular pulses.

汽轮机当量配汽级组变工况计算方法

将汽轮机主汽阀至一段抽汽口视为当量配汽级组,建立不同总阀位指令下的当量配汽级组特性曲线,进而实现包含总阀位指令信息的汽轮机配汽端特性的变工况计算。经验证,当量配汽级组简化仿真计算与汽轮机配汽端全面仿真计算结果趋于一致。该方法计算简便,符合试验机组的实际特性,满足工程应用的要求。

闽江下游湿地土壤硅的沿程分布特征及影响因素

湿地土壤是硅的重要储库,在控制其生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。于2019年10月采集闽江下游沿岸湿地0-60 cm柱状土壤分析全硅、有效硅和生物硅的沿程分布特征。结果表明:闽江下游沿岸湿地土壤中全硅含量介于128-247mg·g^(-1)之间,生物硅含量介于30.8-40.5 mg·g^(-1)之间,在由陆及海方向上均呈现先降后升的趋势;有效硅含量介于104-541μg·g^(-1)之间,在由陆及海方向上呈现“W”型波动上升趋势。在剖面上,土壤有效硅含量随土层深度增加呈现降低趋势且变化显著(p<0.001),而土壤全硅和生物硅含量随深度无明显变化。土壤理化性质、植被是影响闽江下游湿地土壤硅分布的主要因素,相关分析表明,土壤全硅含量与pH(p<0.010)、砂粒(p<0.050)呈正相关关系,与粉粒(p<0.050)、含水率(p<0.010)呈负相关关系。土壤有效硅含量与黏粒(p<0.010)、EC(p<0.010)、粉粒(p<0.010)呈正相关关系,与砂粒呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.010)。土壤生物硅含量与黏粒(p<0.050)、粉粒(p<0.050)呈正相关关系,与砂粒(p<0.050)呈负相关关系。此外,植被类型和生物量对闽江下游湿地土壤各形态硅的沿程分布也有一定的影响。该研究揭示了闽江下游湿地土壤硅的空间分布及影响因素,研究结果可为认识硅在湿地生态系统中的生物地球化学循环过程及机制提供重要的理论基础。

千岛湖沉积物中碳、氮、磷的分布特征及污染评价

通过测定千岛湖柱状沉积物中有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量,分析其污染分布特征,并评价污染水平。结果表明,千岛湖沉积物中OM、TN、TP平均值分别为1.44%、1.86 mg/g、0.89 mg/g。空间分布差异明显,城区库湾、新安江干流沿线污染相对较重;垂直分布,OM、TN、TP整体上均从湖底由下而上呈逐步上升变化过程。相关性分析表明,该湖沉积物中OM、TN、TP具有较高的同源性,氮、磷多以有机形式存在。C/N值表明,该湖沉积物中有机质主要来自内源的水生生物分解。评价结果显示,综合污染指数范围为1.1~4.2,该湖整体上处于重度污染水平,TP污染重于TN;有机指数范围为0.04~0.52,整体上属于轻度污染水平。

联合检测C反应蛋白/纤维蛋白原、总胆红素、红细胞分布宽度预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者治疗应答的效能

目的分析联合检测C反应蛋白(CRP)与纤维蛋白原(FIB)比值、总胆红素、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者治疗应答的效能。方法选取2020年1月至2023年2月收治的265例AECOPD患者,根据疗效分为有效组241例和无效组24例,比较2组治疗前、治疗3 d后、治疗5 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素、RDW水平,分析治疗5 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素、RDW水平对疗效的影响,受试者工作特征曲线分析治疗3、5 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素、RDW及联合对AECOPD疗效预测效能。结果有效组治疗3、5 d后CRP/FIB、RDW低于无效组,总胆红素高于无效组(P<0.05)。危险度分析显示,治疗5 d后CRP/FIB、RDW高表达亚组无效的风险分别是低表达亚组的1.081、1.099倍(P<0.05);总胆红素高表达亚组无效的风险是低表达亚组的0.922倍(P<0.05);绘制受试者工作特征曲线显示,治疗3 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素联合RDW的曲线下面积大于各指标单独的曲线下面积(P<0.01);治疗5 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素联合RDW的曲线下面积大于各指标单独的曲线下面积(P<0.01);治疗5 d后CRP/FIB、总胆红素联合RDW的曲线下面积最大,为0.932,其预测敏感度为95.83%,特异度为84.23%。结论CRP/FIB、RDW、总胆红素的变化与AECOPD治疗应答有关,均可作为预测治疗应答的标志物,联合检测三者能进一步提高预测能力,为疗效的早期预测、治疗、病情分层等提供参考。

Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrients along an Alpine Grassland Transect across Northern Tibet

Soil carbon and nutrient contents and their importance in advancing our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystem, has motivated ecologists to find their spatial patterns in various geographical area. Few studies have focused on changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils at high altitudes. Our aim was to identify the spatial distribution of soil physical and chemical properties in cold and arid climatic region. We also tried to explore relationship between soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP）, soil particle size distribution （PSD）. Samples were collected at 44 sites along a 300 km transect across the alpine grassland of northern Tibet. The study results showed that grassland type was the main factor influencing SOC, TN and TP distribution along the Gangdise Mountain-Shenzha-Shuanghu Transect. SOC, TN and TP contents were significantly higher in alpine meadow than alpine steppe ecosystems. SOC, TN, TP and AN contents in two soil layers （0-15 cm and 15-3o cm） showed no significant differences, while AP content in top soft （0-15 cm） was significantly higher than that in sub-top soil （15-30cm）. SOC content was correlated positively with TN and TP content （r = 0.901and 0.510, respectively）. No correlations were detected for clay content and fractal dimension of particle size distribution （D）. Our study results indicated the effects of vegetation on soil C, N and P seem to be more important than that of rocks itself along latitude gradient on the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, we did not found similar impacts of vegetation on soil properties in depth. Inaddition, this study also provided an interesting contribution to the global data pool on soil carbon stocks.

有机肥全量替代化肥对茶园土壤机械稳定团聚体无机氮分布特征的影响

为明确有机肥全量替代化肥对茶园土壤氮素肥力的影响机制。依托5 a茶园有机肥替代化肥试验,选取单施化肥(CF)和全量施用有机肥(OF)为处理,研究了以单施化肥(CF)对照,有机肥全量替代化肥对雨季和旱季茶园土壤理化性质、机械稳定性团聚体组成、团聚体无机氮分布特征的影响,并分析了团聚体无机氮分布的影响因素。结果表明:与CF处理相比,OF处理提高了雨季和旱季表层(0~20 cm)土壤pH值、有机质含量及全氮含量,2个处理雨季土壤pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);在雨季,OF处理下茶园表层土壤阳离子交换量、铵态氮和硝态氮含量低于或显著(P<0.05)低于CF处理,旱季则表现为OF处理显著高于CF处理(P<0.05),分别高27.02%,58.97%,266.84%。不同处理对0.25~2.00 mm和<0.25 mm团聚体质量百分比和GWD有显著影响(P<0.05);与CF处理相比,OF处理提高了0.25~2.00 mm团聚体质量百分比和GWD,降低了<0.25 mm团聚体质量百分比;季节对<0.25 mm团聚体质量百分比有显著影响(P<0.05)。不同处理团聚体铵态氮和硝态氮含量均表现为:<0.25 mm团聚体最高,0.25~2.00 mm团聚体次之,>2.00 mm团聚体最低;雨季OF处理各级团聚体铵态氮和硝态氮含量低于或显著低于(P<0.05)CF处理,而旱季OF处理显著高于CF处理(P<0.05);与雨季相比,旱季显著降低了CF处理下各级团聚体铵态氮和硝态氮含量(P<0.05),增加或显著(P<0.05)增加了OF处理下>2.00 mm团聚体铵态氮含量和各级团聚体硝态氮含量;不同处理下团聚体铵态氮和硝态氮储量占比均表现为0.25~2.00 mm团聚体最高(51.70%,51.14%),>2.00 mm团聚体次之(34.59%,35.51%),<0.25 mm团聚体最低(13.71%,13.34%);与CF处理相比,OF处理显著降低了雨季和旱季<0.25 mm团聚体铵态氮储量占比和旱季<0.25 mm团聚体硝态氮储量占比(P<0.05),显著提高了雨季0.25~2.00 mm团聚体铵态氮储量占比和旱季0.25~2.00 mm团聚体硝态氮储量占比(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,茶园土壤团聚体铵态氮含量主要受土壤pH值、阳离子交换量和全氮含量的影响,茶园土壤团聚体硝态氮含量主要受土壤pH值、有机质含量和全氮含量的影响;进一步RDA分析表明,土壤pH值和阳离子交换量是土壤机械稳定性团聚体无机氮分布的主要影响因子。综上,茶园有机肥全量替代化肥有利于提高土壤有机质含量,协调雨季和旱季土壤氮素供应,促进大团聚体的形成和土壤无机氮的积累。

2020—2022年全国入海河流总氮浓度时空特征

根据全国230个入海河流断面2020—2022年总氮质量浓度监测数据,基于时间序列统计方法和空间聚类方法,分析了总氮浓度的时空分布特征。结果显示:2020—2022年全国入海河流总氮年均质量浓度逐年上升,从(3.24±2.20)mg/L上升到(3.92±3.30)mg/L;年内总氮浓度呈现冬高夏低、春秋居中的V形季节变化规律。空间聚类分析表明:总氮质量浓度从北到南可分为4个有较明显差异的区域,分别为北方高值区(包括辽东丘陵西部、辽西丘陵、山东丘陵),北方次高值区(包括环渤海京津冀地区、苏北平原),华东区(包括长江中下游平原区、上海市、浙江省、福建省),华南区(包括广东省、广西壮族自治区、海南省)。总氮年均质量浓度分布为北方高值区>北方次高值区>华东区>华南区。北方高值区的过高总氮浓度对全国总氮浓度均值提供了超比例的贡献。同时,北方高值区和北方次高值区贡献了2020—2023年全国总氮浓度92%的增幅。此外,从空间分布上看,越往北,总氮浓度的V形季节变化规律越明显。

Effect of total phosphorous pollution on cavitation pressure characteristics of working water used in turbines

Many experiments have proven that with increasing silt and gas(out-of-phase media)content in water,the cavitation characteristics change and the cavitation pressure increases.Currently,many large reservoirs in China are polluted by total phosphorus(TP)and other chemical contaminants because of the use of phosphate fertilizer runoff from agriculture.However,research regarding how chemical pollutants(in the form of out-of-phase media)affect the cavitation pressure characteristics of water is sparse.In this paper,the Goupitan Hydropower Station,the largest hydropower reservoir on the Wujiang River,which is heavily polluted by TP,is taken as an example to evaluate the effects of chemical pollution on water cavitation pressure characteristics.In this study,the cavitation pressure characteristics of polluted and clean water are compared.The results show that the cavitation pressure of water polluted by chemicals is larger than that of clean water.In a hydraulic power generation system,cavitation and cavitation erosion are likely to occur earlier in runners when the fluid is polluted.These results are of great importance to further studies of cavitation theory and can directly influence the arrangement of turbines in practical engineering.

超低排放改造后燃煤电厂周边大气污染时空分布特征仿真分析

研究了超低排放改造后燃煤电厂周边大气污染时空分布特征仿真分析方法,分析了超低排放改造技术对燃煤电厂周边大气污染的改善情况。选取某大型燃煤电厂的5#燃煤机组作为仿真对象,从燃煤机组污染控制单元的除尘装置、脱硝装置和脱硫装置三个方面完成燃煤机组的超低排放改造。选取Fluent软件作为大气污染时空分布特征分析的仿真软件,在燃煤电厂的东、南、西、北四个方向分别设置采样点,对比不同月份采样的大气颗粒物样品中,总悬浮颗粒物、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)等污染物浓度变化。仿真分析结果表明:超低排放改造后,燃煤电厂周边采样的大气颗粒物样品中,总悬浮颗粒物、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(x)的浓度明显下降,验证了超低排放改造对燃煤电厂周边大气污染具有改善作用。

河西走廊太阳辐射时空分布特征及太阳能资源评估研究

利用1961—2020年河西走廊3个太阳辐射站和19个气象站资料,推算河西走廊各站太阳总辐射量,得出该地区太阳总辐射空间分布和时间变化特征,进一步采用相关系数法分析了太阳总辐射的气候影响因素。结果表明:(1)太阳总辐射空间分布在年及春、夏、秋季呈西北向东南递减,冬季呈西北向东南增加。(2)太阳总辐射在月际和季节分布上呈单峰型,5月最强,12月最弱,夏季最强,冬季最弱。(3)年太阳总辐射呈增加趋势,其线型倾向率为6.3 MJ/(m^(2)·10 a),其中夏、秋、冬季总辐射呈减少趋势,夏季下降最明显,而春季呈明显增加趋势。(4)年、季总辐射都表现出2~3、5~6 a短周期及8~10 a长周期振荡。(5)太阳总辐射量与相对湿度、降水量、总云量、低云量及浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴日数总体呈负相关,与气温和日照时数呈正相关。(6)河西走廊太阳能资源丰富程度和稳定度表现一致,都呈现为由西北向东南递减的趋势,资源相对丰富的地区稳定度也相对较高。

湿地土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征对比研究——以向海与科尔沁自然保护区为例

研究了土壤有机质及全氮在霍林河中下游的科尔沁和向海两个自然保护区湿地表层土壤中的水平分布及其在土壤剖面中的垂直分布特征。结果表明 ,与科尔沁自然保护区相比 ,向海自然保护区的空间分异程度较高 ,其表层对有机质及全氮的持留作用较强 ,碳的固定速度比氮累积更慢一些 ;盐碱化程度较高 ,湿地植被净化效应较显著 ;pH值对有机质和全氮的影响也更为显著。

乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征

针对乌梁素海富营养化日趋严重和湿地面积逐渐萎缩，系统地研究了其生态环境地球化学效应，结果表明，乌梁素海表层沉积物中的全氮含量存在明显的经向和纬向分异特征；沉积物中全氮养分含量与有机质含量显著相关（r〉0．93）；沉积物中C／N的平均值介于12．07～19．95之间，表明有机质主要来源于湖中水生植物。水体富营养化具有显著的内源性．TN和有机质在不同粒级表层沉积物中的粒度效应明显，且TN和有机质在Ⅳ粒级的含量分别为Ⅰ粒级的3．1～7．6倍和2．5～8．0倍．

长江口及其邻近海域磷的分布变化特征

根据2004年4个航次的调查资料,研究了长江河口内及其临近海域磷酸盐和总磷的分布变化特征。结果表明,磷酸盐和总磷的浓度分布都是河口附近高,外海低,但其最大值不在河口内,而在口门外。河口内磷酸盐秋、冬季浓度高,春、夏季低;总磷夏、秋季浓度高,春季和冬季低。口门外磷酸盐和总磷浓度分布都是冬、夏季高,春、秋季低。磷酸盐夏季浓度变化大,分层明显,冬季变化小,垂直分布均匀。总磷春季表、底层浓度接近,其余季节表层都低于底层。通过磷酸盐和总磷与盐度、悬浮体的相关关系研究表明,磷酸盐在河口转移过程中,还受到生物活动、水体垂直对流以及缓冲作用等多种因素的影响。总磷在很大程度上受颗粒磷的控制。

黑龙江省土壤硒分布及其影响因素研究

黑龙江省处于全国缺硒带的始端,为研究黑龙江省土壤全硒(Se)的含量、分布及其与土壤性质的关系,在全省采集400余个农业土壤0~20 cm耕层样品及主要类型土壤剖面样品(共21个剖面各发生层次土样71个),分析了土壤全硒含量、分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,黑龙江省土壤全硒含量变幅为0.008~0.660 mg kg^(-1),平均值为0.147 mg kg^(-1),总体上处于缺硒及潜在缺硒土壤范畴,几乎不存在高硒土壤与硒毒土壤。不同类型土壤中以盐碱土含硒量最低(0.097 mg kg^(-1)),而泥炭土最高(0.273 mg kg^(-1));硒在土壤剖面中主要呈现表聚型分布,也有少数呈现双峰型和心土聚集型分布;不同区域以大兴安岭地区为最低(0.115 mg kg^(-1)),小兴安岭山地最高(0.198 mg kg^(-1));不同行政市以大兴安岭地区最低(0.115 mg kg^(-1)),黑河市为最高(0.228 mg kg^(-1))。回归分析表明:土壤全硒含量与土壤有机碳(SOC)、黏粒含量具有极显著正相关关系,与pH呈极显著负相关。研究区表土层土壤SOC、黏粒含量与pH是影响土壤硒含量的主要因素,此外土壤母质也是影响硒分布的重要因素;而土壤SOC含量对硒在土壤剖面中的分布与富集起到了至关重要的作用。

三江平原典型湿地土壤剖面有机碳及全氮分布与积累特征

研究了三江平原2类典型湿地（毛果苔草沼泽和芦苇沼泽）沉积物剖面有机碳、全氮的分布特征与积累现状.结果表明,2类沼泽剖面有机碳分布均具有明显的储碳层和淀积层;上层的储碳层厚度约为60cm,有机碳平均含量分别为96和184g·kg^-1,全氮平均含量分别为7.4和17.6g·kg^-1;下层的淀积层内有机碳和全氮含量低而稳定.2类沼泽剖面有机碳和全氮含量随剖面深度增加而下降,有机碳、全氮与容重之间相关均极显著（P〈0.01）.2类典型湿地有机碳密度在20-40cm剖面内最大.储碳层内,有机碳储量分别为1.83×10^4和1.73×10^4t·km^-2,全氮储量分别为1.45×10^3和1.67×10^3t·km^-2;100cm以内,有机碳储量分别为2.86×10^4和2.62×10^4t·km^-2,全氮储量分别为2.18×10^3和2.49×10^3t·km^-2.植被类型对湿地剖面有机碳、全氮含量及储量均具有不同程度的影响.

陕西太阳总辐射的计算及分布特征

文章利用了陕西省延安、西安、安康三站逐月太阳总辐射和98站的1971—2005年月日照百分率资料,建立回归分析方程,推算并分析了全省各地逐月的太阳总辐射分布,进而分析了陕西月、季、年太阳总辐射的空间分布特征为陕北5月或6月最大,关中和陕南7月份最大,并指出了省内太阳能资源的富集区,在陕北长城沿线,渭北高原次之;为陕西省太阳能资源的开发利用及太阳辐射对陕西省气候影响的研究提供了科学依据。