This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption de...This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption demand.Then,the paper finds that the existing widening income distribution gap in China has a negative impact on consumption demand,but this is not the key factor for the insufficient consumption demand because of the low level of per capital income.At last,it suggests that governments should improve the income level of entire residents and adjust income distribution structure simultaneously.展开更多
In recent years, the disparity of Chinese people＇s income has been unsteadily expanding. The reasons lie in many aspects, among which there are mainly income disparity between the rural and the urban and the disparit...In recent years, the disparity of Chinese people＇s income has been unsteadily expanding. The reasons lie in many aspects, among which there are mainly income disparity between the rural and the urban and the disparity between regions, including the disparity between people both in the city and in the countryside. Therefore the corresponding strategies should be put into effect .展开更多
In this paper the fabrication technique of amorphous SnO2：（Zn, In） film is presented. The transmittance and gap-states distribution of the film are given. The experimental results of gap-states distribution are com...In this paper the fabrication technique of amorphous SnO2：（Zn, In） film is presented. The transmittance and gap-states distribution of the film are given. The experimental results of gap-states distribution are compared with the calculated results by using the facts of short range order and lattice vacancy defect of the gap states theory. The distribution of gap state has been proved to be discontinuous due to the short-range order of amorphous structure.展开更多
A new method for calculating the gap distribution in the movable sleeve tooth transmission is presented. The non linear equations on analyzing the gap distribution are established with the method of equivalent m...A new method for calculating the gap distribution in the movable sleeve tooth transmission is presented. The non linear equations on analyzing the gap distribution are established with the method of equivalent mechanism and are solved successfully.展开更多
Particulates generated from electrode erosion in gas spark gap is inevitable and may initiate selfbreakdown behavior with high risk.Traditionally,this problem is addressed by empirical method qualitatively.To push thi...Particulates generated from electrode erosion in gas spark gap is inevitable and may initiate selfbreakdown behavior with high risk.Traditionally,this problem is addressed by empirical method qualitatively.To push this old problem forward,this paper conducts laser confocal microscopy measurement of eroded surface and a statistical method is introduced to obtain visualization of particulates distribution from electrode erosion after different shots.This method allows dense particulates to be classified with their heights in z direction and scattered figures of particulates within certain height range are obtained.Results indicate that the higher-than-10 μm particulates start to emerge after 200 discharge shots and particulates number has a waved radial distribution with a 0.5 mm wide deposition zone.Based on these quantitative results,the risk of reignition and field-distortion failure that are triggered by particulates can be assessed.展开更多
混合储能系统具有储能容量大、调节能力强等优点,有助于提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的需求响应能力。首先,构建了一种电-氢-热混合储能系统(electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage system,EHT-HESS),其...混合储能系统具有储能容量大、调节能力强等优点,有助于提高综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的需求响应能力。首先,构建了一种电-氢-热混合储能系统(electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage system,EHT-HESS),其中采用电解槽(electrolytic cell,EC)、蒸气重整反应(steam methane reforming,SMR)装置、储氢、热电联产氢燃料电池(hydrogen fuel cell,HFC)设备,实现电、气向氢能的转换,以及以氢能作为中间模态的“制氢-储氢-放氢/电/热”功能。其次,建立考虑EHT-HESS的IES需求响应策略优化模型,其中考虑IES响应电价和气价,同时根据富余风电量,进行购电、购气、用电、用热、用氢等策略决策的综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)行为;并采用信息间隙决策理论(information gap decision theory,IGDT)计入概率分布未知的风电严重不确定性,采用基于综合范数的分布鲁棒优化(distributionally robust optimization,DRO)方法计入概率分布不完备的电价严重不确定性。最后,算例验证了模型和方法的合理性及有效性,并表明IES装设热电联产HFC构建EHT-HESS可实现氢能向电能与热能的转换,有助于增加风电消纳量,增加IDR决策的鲁棒性。展开更多
This article describes and analyses the disparity in wealth distribution of Chinese residents, on the basis of results of sample surveys from 1995 to 2002. It finds an obvious worsening trend, mainly due to the rapid ...This article describes and analyses the disparity in wealth distribution of Chinese residents, on the basis of results of sample surveys from 1995 to 2002. It finds an obvious worsening trend, mainly due to the rapid widening of the urban-rural gap. The process of privatisation of urban housing has led to a narrowing of the wealth gap between urban residents, and has also led to a widening of the wealth gap between urban and rural residents, as well as the national wealth gap. As incomes from land decline, the relative weight of land value in rural residents＇ overall wealth possession has been decreasing and the role of land in narrowing the nation＇s urban-rural gap has been weakened. In addition, this article also holds that the financial assets of residents wiU play a greater role in enlarging the overall wealth distribution disparity.展开更多
文摘This paper analyzes the impact of income distribution gap on consumption demand from a theoretical view,and draws the conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between income distribution gap and consumption demand.Then,the paper finds that the existing widening income distribution gap in China has a negative impact on consumption demand,but this is not the key factor for the insufficient consumption demand because of the low level of per capital income.At last,it suggests that governments should improve the income level of entire residents and adjust income distribution structure simultaneously.
文摘In recent years, the disparity of Chinese people＇s income has been unsteadily expanding. The reasons lie in many aspects, among which there are mainly income disparity between the rural and the urban and the disparity between regions, including the disparity between people both in the city and in the countryside. Therefore the corresponding strategies should be put into effect .
基金Project supported by the Program A for Science and Technology of Education Bureau of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. JA08210)
文摘In this paper the fabrication technique of amorphous SnO2：（Zn, In） film is presented. The transmittance and gap-states distribution of the film are given. The experimental results of gap-states distribution are compared with the calculated results by using the facts of short range order and lattice vacancy defect of the gap states theory. The distribution of gap state has been proved to be discontinuous due to the short-range order of amorphous structure.
文摘A new method for calculating the gap distribution in the movable sleeve tooth transmission is presented. The non linear equations on analyzing the gap distribution are established with the method of equivalent mechanism and are solved successfully.
基金supported by Science & Development Foundation of CAEP(Grant No.2015B0402085)
文摘Particulates generated from electrode erosion in gas spark gap is inevitable and may initiate selfbreakdown behavior with high risk.Traditionally,this problem is addressed by empirical method qualitatively.To push this old problem forward,this paper conducts laser confocal microscopy measurement of eroded surface and a statistical method is introduced to obtain visualization of particulates distribution from electrode erosion after different shots.This method allows dense particulates to be classified with their heights in z direction and scattered figures of particulates within certain height range are obtained.Results indicate that the higher-than-10 μm particulates start to emerge after 200 discharge shots and particulates number has a waved radial distribution with a 0.5 mm wide deposition zone.Based on these quantitative results,the risk of reignition and field-distortion failure that are triggered by particulates can be assessed.
文摘This article describes and analyses the disparity in wealth distribution of Chinese residents, on the basis of results of sample surveys from 1995 to 2002. It finds an obvious worsening trend, mainly due to the rapid widening of the urban-rural gap. The process of privatisation of urban housing has led to a narrowing of the wealth gap between urban residents, and has also led to a widening of the wealth gap between urban and rural residents, as well as the national wealth gap. As incomes from land decline, the relative weight of land value in rural residents＇ overall wealth possession has been decreasing and the role of land in narrowing the nation＇s urban-rural gap has been weakened. In addition, this article also holds that the financial assets of residents wiU play a greater role in enlarging the overall wealth distribution disparity.
