Influence of processing parameters on the phase composition of ZrN-Si_3N_4 synthesized from zircon

The optimum parameters were determined for synthesizing ZrN-Si3N4 composite powder from zircon by carbothermal reduction-nitridation （CTRN） process. The samples were prepared by mixing the carbon black of an average particle size less than 30 μm and the zircon of 40 μm with C/ZrSiO4 mass ratios of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The prepared samples were subjected to the CTRN process at temperatures of 1673, 1723, 1753, and 1773 K for 6, 9, and 12 h. The CTRN process was conducted in an atmosphere-controlled tubular furnace in a nitrogen gas flow of 1.0 L/rain. All the products were examined by X-ray powder diffraction to determine the transformation. The results showed that the proper transformation of ZrN-Si3N4 occurred at 1773 K for 12 h with a C/ZrSiO4 mass ratio of 0.4.

Influence of process parameters on drilling characteristics of Al 1050 sheet with thickness of 0.2 mm using pulsed Nd:YAG laser

The object of this work is to investigate the influence of process parameters on drilling characteristics of an Al 1050 sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser through numerical analyses and experiments. By comparing the numerical analyses with the experiments, a proper numerical model was obtained. From the results of the numerical analyses and the experiments, the effects of process parameters on entrance diameters of drilled holes, shapes of the holes, taper angles of the holes and temperature distributions in the vicinity of the holes were examined quantitatively. In addition, the optimal drilling condition was estimated to improve the quality of the drilled holes.

Optimization of Processing Parameters for Laser Powder Deposition using Finite Element Method

In order to investigate the effects of powder materials and processing parameters on thermal and stress field during laser powder deposition （LPD）, a finite element model was developed with the help of ANSYS software. The finite element model was verified by the comparison between the experimental results and computed results. Then LPD processes with different powder materials and processing parameters were simulated by using the FE model. The results show that less difference of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient between powder material and substrate material produces lower residual stress; higher laser power, laser scanning speed and smaller laser beam diameter can lead higher peak temperature and higher residual stress. The research opens up a way to rational selection of the powder materials and processing parameters for ensured quality.

Effects of different nozzle materials on atomization results via CFD simulation

Spray drying,as a crucial operation in industrial production,converts solution to fine particle.The spray moiety directly affects the final particle morphology,size and distribution.Compared with the experimental method,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)modeling is a powerful and convenient tool for simulating the spray process.Based on the verified CFD model,different materials of atomizer were simulated to investigate the effect on droplet size and distribution in this work.The modeling result proved that the droplet size and distribution were influenced by the resistance coefficient of materials,wherein the Reynolds number could change the effect of roughness along with the change of mass flow rate on spray process.The results in this work have implication for controlling droplet size through developing new spray nozzle with different materials or surface coating.

The development of Fructus corni quality standard considering the effects of processing

The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.

Magnetic force improvement and parameter optimization for magnetic abrasive polishing of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The magnetic force acting on workpiece to be machined plays a significantly important role in magnetic abrasive polishing process.But in a case of polishing nonferrous materials,the strength of magnetic force is very low and it leads lower polishing efficiency.The magnesium alloy that has superior mechanical properties for industrial application such as a lightweight and high specific strength is one of the most famous nonferrous materials.An improving strategy of the magnetic force for the AZ31 magnesium alloy installed with a permanent magnet was proposed and experimental verification was carried out.For the proposed strategy,the effect of process parameters on the surface roughness of the AZ31 magnesium alloy was evaluated by a design of experimental method.

Processing and mechanical properties of porous 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications

Highly porous 316L stainless steel parts were produced by using a powder metallurgy process, which includes the selective laser sintering(SLS) and traditional sintering. Porous 316L stainless steel suitable for medical applications was successfully fabricated in the porosity range of 40%-50% (volume fraction) by controlling the SLS parameters and sintering behaviour. The porosity of the sintered compacts was investigated as a function of the SLS parameters and the furnace cycle. Compressive stress and elastic modulus of the 316L stainless steel material were determined. The compressive strength was found to be ranging from 21 to 32 MPa and corresponding elastic modulus ranging from 26 to 43 GPa. The present parts are promising for biomedical applications since the optimal porosity of implant materials for ingrowths of new-bone tissues is in the range of 20%-59% (volume fraction) and mechanical properties are matching with human bone.

Shape evolution and prediction of three dimensional workpieces in electrochemical machining

Based on the Faraday’s Law, the shape evolution model was calculated depending on a function of time, and the influence of the variable current efficiency which was brought by the passivating electrolyte was included. The final shape determination was obtained by solving the model of electric-field distribution by the finite element method, at the same time flow parameters influencing on the shaping process were also considered. The results show that the experimental results are in close agreement with the theoretical ones.

Spheroidization of molybdenum powder by radio frequency thermal plasma

To control the morphology and particle size of dense spherical molybdenum powder prepared by radio frequency（RF） plasma from irregular molybdenum powder as a precursor, plasma process parameters were optimized in this paper. The effects of the carrier gas flow rate and molybdenum powder feeding rate on the shape and size of the final products were studied. The molybdenum powder morphology was examined using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The powder phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The tap density and apparent density of the molybdenum powder were investigated using a Hall flow meter and a Scott volumeter. The optimal process parameters for the spherical molybdenum powder preparation are 50 g/min powder feeding rate and 0.6 m^3/h carrier gas rate. In addition, pure spherical molybdenum powder can be obtained from irregular powder, and the tap density is enhanced after plasma processing. The average size is reduced from 72 to 62 μm, and the tap density is increased from 2.7 to 6.2 g/cm^3. Therefore, RF plasma is a promising method for the preparation of high-density and high-purity spherical powders.

Application of hydrometeorological coupled European flood forecasting operational real time system in Yellow River Basin

This study evaluated the application of the European flood forecasting operational real time system （EFFORTS） to the Yellow River. An automatic data pre-processing program was developed to provide real-time hydrometeorological data. Various GIS layers were collected and developed to meet the demands of the distributed hydrological model in the EFFORTS. The model parameters were calibrated and validated based on more than ten years of historical hydrometeorological data from the study area. The San-Hua Basin （from the Sanmenxia Reservoir to the Huayuankou Hydrological Station）, the most geographically important area of the Yellow River, was chosen as the study area. The analysis indicates that the EFFORTS enhances the work efficiency, extends the flood forecasting lead time, and attains an acceptable level of forecasting accuracy in the San-Hua Basin, with a mean deterministic coefficient at Huayuankou Station, the basin outlet, of 0.90 in calibration and 0.96 in validation. The analysis also shows that the ;simulation accuracy is better for the southern part than for the northern part of the San-Hua Basin. This implies that, along with the characteristics of the basin and the mechanisms of runoff generation of the hydrological model, the hydrometeorological data play an important role in simulation of hydrological behavior.

低弹模混凝土防渗墙材料参数统计特性及相关分布模型

为获取低弹模混凝土防渗墙渗透系数、弹模和抗压强度3个材料参数的统计特性及相关分布模型,基于2座土石坝的检测数据,根据赤池信息准则(AIC)识别材料参数的最优分布类型及相关分布模型的最优Copula函数、Bootstrap方法模拟识别结果的统计不确定性。结果表明,抗压强度、渗透系数和弹模分别服从极值Ⅰ型、对数正态、威布尔或极值Ⅰ型分布,变异系数均值分别为0.17、0.40、0.11;抗压强度与渗透系数、弹模与抗压强度、弹模与渗透系数之间的Pearson相关系数均值分别为-0.79、0.67、-0.55,最优Copula函数分别为Plackett Copula、Gaussian Copula、Gaussian Copula。研究结果可为低弹模混凝土防渗墙的渗流和强度可靠度计算提供参考。

大容量压缩空气储能系统空气透平工艺结构及运行特性研究

针对大容量(300MW级)蓄热式压缩空气储能系统的空气透平工作组,定量评估了高温方案(315℃)和中温方案(175℃)对透平的工艺流程结构和关键技术参数的影响,探讨了全工况下配气运行方式对透平性能的影响。研究表明,高温方案下透平工作组的工艺结构简单,但储换热系统的初投资高;高温方案的气耗率低,电电转化率高;节流+补气调节方式的高效运行区间最大。

超声辐射对激光熔覆Ni基WC涂层性能的影响

目的研究不同振幅超声波辐射对激光熔覆Ni基WC涂层组织结构及力学性能的影响规律,为降低熔覆层残余应力,提高熔覆层力学性能,提升零部件服役寿命提供技术支持。方法在Cr12MoV模具钢表面激光熔覆Ni基WC涂层,将激光熔覆技术与超声波辐射技术相结合,以消除熔覆层中存在的裂纹和气孔等缺陷,提高成形工件的力学性能。首先,基于超声波在金属凝固过程中的空化效应和声流效应,结合晶粒生长规律,研究振幅参数对熔池和熔覆层宏观形貌、微观组织结构和物相组成的影响。其次,通过涂层硬度和耐磨性等对比试验分析超声辐射工艺对熔覆层力学性能的影响。最后,利用X-RAYS衍射仪测量熔覆层的纵向残余应力,探究超声辐射对熔覆层应力的影响,并解释超声波辐射增强熔覆层性能的作用机理。结果不同振幅超声辐射熔覆层的平均晶粒尺寸最大降低66.47%,显微组织主要由柱状晶和等轴晶组成,涂层物相主要是Ni-Cr-Fe和γ-(Fe,Ni)固溶体。磨损量分别降低了65.17%、95.74%、96.49%、76.67%、73.03%。熔覆层的平均显微硬度分别提高了14.86%、23.20%、28.10%、22.84%、16.76%,平均残余应力降低173.0 MPa,最大降幅点可达95.31%。结论超声波辐射有效降低了熔覆层残余应力和裂纹的产生,提高了熔覆层质量,进而增加零部件的使用寿命。随着超声波辐射振幅的提高,熔覆层表面粗糙度降低,显微硬度和耐磨性先提高、后降低,残余应力显著降低。综合判断,振幅为14μm的涂层晶粒细化程度最高,硬度和耐磨性最好。

基于静强度分布参数的复合材料剩余强度及寿命预测

为探讨剩余强度及疲劳寿命与初始静强度分布参数之间的关系,构建基于初始静强度分布参数的剩余强度和疲劳寿命计算模型。在模型构建过程中未涉及复合材料结构的层数、铺层厚度和铺层方向,适应性强。模型参数可通过静力试验和剩余强度试验获得,试验成本相对疲劳试验较低。剩余强度和疲劳寿命与初始静强度变异系数及其分布参数有关,当初始静强度服从威布尔分布时,疲劳寿命亦服从威布尔分布,可为开展疲劳可靠性提供借鉴和参考。算例表明,基于建立的模型,剩余强度计算结果最大误差为-1.58%,疲劳寿命与试验数据吻合较好。

多材料食品3D打印设备的工艺参数试验研究

为研制一种圆柱坐标式多材料食品3D打印设备,对其挤出、成型及多材料等工艺参数进行试验研究。以马铃薯泥混合材料为打印原材料,利用搭建的样机进行工艺参数试验。结果表明:打印喷嘴高度在1.1~1.6 mm,喷嘴直径大于0.8 mm,挤出速度与打印速度相匹配,具有良好的挤出特性;打印速度对产品成型尺寸偏差的影响最大,单层层厚对产品表面质量及成型效率的影响最大;快速、均衡及高精3种工况下,多材料的最佳回抽时间分别为12.5,14.5,15.0 s。研究为确定及优化圆柱坐标式多材料食品3D打印设备的工艺参数提供指导。

金属钼圆基片平面研磨及其表面创成机理研究

目的实现金属钼圆基片高效平坦化加工,获得超光滑表面。方法采用游离磨料对钼圆基片进行平面研磨加工,研究磨料种类及研磨盘转速、研磨压力、研磨时间等工艺参数对研磨效果的影响规律,通过材料去除率(MRR)与表面粗糙度(Ra)的建模分析,对比钼材与高硬脆和高塑性材料,揭示其研磨工艺特性、探究其表面创成机理。结果钼圆基片材料去除快慢和表面形貌受各因素作用的综合影响。CeO_(2)磨料适合钼圆基片的研磨加工,材料去除方式为二体、三体摩擦塑性去除;在研磨过程中,MRR随研磨盘转速、研磨压力的递增而先增大后减小,在研磨盘转速为60 r/min、研磨压力为0.026 MPa条件下MRR达到最大;除磨料因素外,其他工艺因素对表面粗糙度的影响较小;MRR和Ra随加工时间的延长而趋于稳定;使用粒径W1 CeO_(2)磨料在研磨盘转速为60 r/min、研磨压力为0.026 MPa下研磨40 min后,表面粗糙度Ra由46 nm降至9.53 nm,MRR达1.16 mg/min。结论采用游离磨料研磨方法在优化工艺条件下可以有效降低表面粗糙度,获得良好表面。

飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮激光除漆技术的研究进展

碳纤维复合材料是飞机蒙皮的重要材料,除漆是飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮再次涂装之前最为重要的工序。激光除漆具有高效、可控、分层、“绿色”的优势,有望成为飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮除漆的主要技术途径。介绍了激光分层可控除漆方法和机理,总结了激光能量密度、激光扫描速度、激光搭接率等工艺因素对飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮涂层去除的影响规律,提出了激光分层可控除漆工艺的优化思路,并归纳了激光除漆效果评价方法。列举了激光除漆技术在飞机复合材料表面涂层维修中的应用,并对飞机碳纤维复合材料蒙皮激光除漆技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削力与制孔质量的实验研究

复合材料与金属组成的叠层结构已在航空航天领域广泛使用,然而在复合材料/金属叠层结构上钻削高质量的孔仍是一个挑战。本文旨在研究钻削工艺参数对GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削轴向力和制孔表面质量的影响。使用普通硬质合金麻花钻对GFRP/Al叠层材料进行“一次性”钻孔,并通过Kistler测力仪测量钻削轴向力。结果表明,最大钻削轴向力随每转进给量增加几乎线性增加,随主轴转速增加小幅降低。钻削工艺参数影响铝合金和GFRP制孔表面质量,高每转进给量会降低铝合金制孔出口毛刺,但是会增加GFRP制孔出口损伤;高主轴转速会增加铝合金制孔出口毛刺和GFRP制孔出口损伤。与每转进给量相比,主轴转速对铝合金和GFRP制孔质量影响更大。

畜产品加工中的常见问题及解决对策

畜产品加工在保障食品安全和提升产品质量方面面临诸多挑战。本文通过分析畜产品在加工过程中存在的原料质量控制不足、加工工艺参数优化不当及卫生安全管理体系缺陷等常见问题,提出相应的解决措施,旨在提高畜产品加工的整体水平,确保食品安全,促进行业的可持续发展。

表面修饰石墨烯制备工艺及其在金属材料中的应用研究

为解决石墨烯在金属基复合材料应用中易团聚、难分散、与金属基体之间的润湿性差、高温下易与Al、Ti、Fe等金属发生界面反应的问题,对石墨烯进行表面修饰制得镀铜石墨烯,研究了镀覆过程中镀覆温度、镀覆时间、镀液pH对镀铜石墨烯镀层连续性、完整性的影响,优化镀覆工艺参数,获得了质量优良的表面修饰石墨烯;并将其分别添加到铁基摩擦材料和W-Mo-Cu复合材料中,对其作用效果进行了研究。结果表明:石墨烯在50℃、pH为12.5的化学镀液中镀覆30 min可以获得连续性、完整性较好的镀层,从而制得缺陷密度较小、质量较好的表面修饰石墨烯;在铁基摩擦材料中添加0.8%(质量分数)表面修饰石墨烯可以使材料晶粒细化并获得片层间距较小的珠光体组织,材料硬度提高30%,磨损率降低约70%,摩擦系数下降约12%;添加了0.2%(质量分数)表面修饰石墨烯的W-Mo-Cu材料,其组织均匀性和致密度均获得了提高,电导率提升约21%,硬度提高8%。证实了表面修饰石墨烯的添加能够促进金属基复合材料综合性能的提高。