农业产业园区规划是实现农业产业园区用能低碳灵活的基础,而生物质资源高值化利用和农业柔性负荷对于促进农业产业园区的合理规划十分重要。因此,该文提出了一种考虑生物质能和农业柔性负荷的农业产业园区综合能源系统(integrated energ...农业产业园区规划是实现农业产业园区用能低碳灵活的基础,而生物质资源高值化利用和农业柔性负荷对于促进农业产业园区的合理规划十分重要。因此,该文提出了一种考虑生物质能和农业柔性负荷的农业产业园区综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)规划方法。首先,为实现秸秆高值化利用,引入热解气化炉生产生物质气和生物炭,并通过高厌氧发酵粪污制沼,实现生物质的充分利用。其次,引入农作物日积温作为确定种植业热负荷参与需求响应量的衡量指标,并结合农业负荷特性建立农业柔性负荷模型。然后,以园区投资运行总成本最小为优化目标,考虑设备投资约束和满足农业生长需求的农业用能约束及生物质能成本等运行约束,建立农业产业园区规划模型。随后,为减小天气概率分布不确定性对农业生产和园区供能的影响,基于历史天气数据生成盒式不确定性集合,构建农业产业园区IES分布鲁棒优化模型。最后,通过算例结果分析得出,该文所提的农业产业园区IES规划方法可以显著减少碳排放和系统总成本,并充分利用生物质资源。展开更多
Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments（RDSs） of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents＇ ...Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments（RDSs） of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents＇ and tourists＇ health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size（〈150 μm） were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal（i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd） content was the largest in particles with small size（〈150 μm） among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively.Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index（I geo） decreased in the order：Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order： Cd〉Zn≈Pb〉Cu.展开更多
文摘农业产业园区规划是实现农业产业园区用能低碳灵活的基础,而生物质资源高值化利用和农业柔性负荷对于促进农业产业园区的合理规划十分重要。因此,该文提出了一种考虑生物质能和农业柔性负荷的农业产业园区综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)规划方法。首先,为实现秸秆高值化利用,引入热解气化炉生产生物质气和生物炭,并通过高厌氧发酵粪污制沼,实现生物质的充分利用。其次,引入农作物日积温作为确定种植业热负荷参与需求响应量的衡量指标,并结合农业负荷特性建立农业柔性负荷模型。然后,以园区投资运行总成本最小为优化目标,考虑设备投资约束和满足农业生长需求的农业用能约束及生物质能成本等运行约束,建立农业产业园区规划模型。随后,为减小天气概率分布不确定性对农业生产和园区供能的影响,基于历史天气数据生成盒式不确定性集合,构建农业产业园区IES分布鲁棒优化模型。最后,通过算例结果分析得出,该文所提的农业产业园区IES规划方法可以显著减少碳排放和系统总成本,并充分利用生物质资源。
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 8142013)the Philosophical and Social Science Planning Program of Beijing (No. 13CSC010)
文摘Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments（RDSs） of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents＇ and tourists＇ health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size（〈150 μm） were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal（i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd） content was the largest in particles with small size（〈150 μm） among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively.Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index（I geo） decreased in the order：Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order： Cd〉Zn≈Pb〉Cu.
