Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characte...Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characteristics of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions, plasma perturbations and variation of energetic particle flux. According to the main results done by Chinese scientists, fusing with the existed study from global researches, seismo-ionospheric disturbances usually occurred a few days or hours before earthquake occurrence. Paralleling to these case studies, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere （LAI） coupling mechanisms are checked and optimized. A thermo-electric model was proposed to explain the seismo-electromagnetic effects before earthquakes. A propagation model was put forward to explain the electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere. According to the requirement of earthquake prediction research, China seismo-electromagnetic satellite, the first space-based platform of Chinese earthquake stereoscopic observation system, is proposed and planned to launch at about the end of 2014. It focuses on checking the LAI model and distinguishing earthquake-related ionospheric disturbance. The preliminary design for the satellite will adopt CAST-2000 platform with eight payloads onboard. It is believed that the satellite will work together with the ground monitoring network to improve the capability to capture seismo-electromagnetic information, which is beneficial for earthquake monitoring and prediction researches.展开更多
Earthquake-related electromagnetic observation aims at finding abnormal electromagnetic variation associated with earthquake possibly. The existing studies have proved that this method is, to a large extent, effective...Earthquake-related electromagnetic observation aims at finding abnormal electromagnetic variation associated with earthquake possibly. The existing studies have proved that this method is, to a large extent, effective in short-term and impending earthquake predication. This paper summarizes progress and discusses some related problems in this field. Some requirements for observation system have been proposed to improve monitoring level. As a case observation using the reformed observation system in Jinghai seismologie station, Tianjin, some results are given.展开更多
Land disturbance and land restoration are important factors influencing runoff production and sediment yield in the semi-arid loess regions of China. This study compared the runoff production and sediment yield during...Land disturbance and land restoration are important factors influencing runoff production and sediment yield in the semi-arid loess regions of China. This study compared the runoff production and sediment yield during the early stage after land disturbance（ESLD） with those during restoring stage after land disturbance（RSLD）. Grey relational analysis was used to analyse the importance of each one of the influencing factors（vegetation, rainfall, soil and topography） in affecting the runoff production and sediment yield. Our results showed that during ESLD, topography was the most critical factor controlling the runoff production, while soil was the most important factor controlling the sediment yield. During RSLD, vegetation was more important in affecting runoff production, while rainfall was more important in affecting sediment yield. In additional, this study demonstrated that both the runoff production and the sediment yield can be effectively reduced by restoring vegetation on severely-disturbed lands, thus providing an important theoretical basis for better implementations of the Grain for Green Program. Our results revealed that the vegetation types of Hippophae rhamnoides＋Pinus tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides are better plant selections for land restoration in this area, especially for relatively gentle slopes（i.e., less than 20 degrees）.展开更多
针对2007年6-7月的淮河致洪暴雨,采用NCEP资料、卫星TBB（Temperature of Black Body）资料、地面加密资料和1 h的降水资料对此次暴雨过程进行了详细的分析,得到结果如下：1）2007年6-7月主汛期的暴雨带主要位于淮河流域,而不是像通常...针对2007年6-7月的淮河致洪暴雨,采用NCEP资料、卫星TBB（Temperature of Black Body）资料、地面加密资料和1 h的降水资料对此次暴雨过程进行了详细的分析,得到结果如下：1）2007年6-7月主汛期的暴雨带主要位于淮河流域,而不是像通常那样集中在长江中下游。时间长达30余天,超过2003年（持续20余天）。2）整个汛期从6月19日开始至7月26日结束,根据影响系统和雨区分布的不同,可将降水分为3个阶段。其中,第2阶段（6月29日-7月10日）降水最强,影响最大,与梅雨的降水有更多相似。在第2阶段中又有4次降水过程,其中第4次过程（7月7-9日）降水最强,导致10日在王家坝开闸泄洪。3）高纬度的阻塞形势（西阻型）有利于环流的稳定维持和暴雨的持续发生。4）副热带高压稳定在26°N,有利于雨带维持在32°N,另外南海季风涌沿副高西侧将大量水汽输送至淮河流域。5）在阻高和副高之间的西风带上,巴尔喀什湖为低槽区,不断有小股冷空气经我国西北和黄河上游沿偏西路径移至淮河流域,西风槽加深甚至在中国大陆出现切断低压,这在过去淮河暴雨期间不太多见,表明存在明显的中低纬度的相互作用。与此同时,在7月8日高空急流入口区（右侧）与低空急流出口区（左侧）相迭置耦合,非常有利于垂直运动的加强和暴雨的发生。6）在暴雨期间有中尺度低压（扰动）的发生发展,并有与之相关的中尺度云团、雨团甚至更小的中尺度对流系统出现,致使8日寿县24h降水量达262 mm之多。该次强暴雨与淮河流域前期多场强降水形成的高水位“遭遇”,引发了严重的洪水,其影响超过了2003年,成为了1954年以来淮河流域最严重的洪涝。展开更多
基金funded by National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2008BAC35B00)the international cooperation project(2009DFA21480)
文摘Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characteristics of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions, plasma perturbations and variation of energetic particle flux. According to the main results done by Chinese scientists, fusing with the existed study from global researches, seismo-ionospheric disturbances usually occurred a few days or hours before earthquake occurrence. Paralleling to these case studies, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere （LAI） coupling mechanisms are checked and optimized. A thermo-electric model was proposed to explain the seismo-electromagnetic effects before earthquakes. A propagation model was put forward to explain the electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere. According to the requirement of earthquake prediction research, China seismo-electromagnetic satellite, the first space-based platform of Chinese earthquake stereoscopic observation system, is proposed and planned to launch at about the end of 2014. It focuses on checking the LAI model and distinguishing earthquake-related ionospheric disturbance. The preliminary design for the satellite will adopt CAST-2000 platform with eight payloads onboard. It is believed that the satellite will work together with the ground monitoring network to improve the capability to capture seismo-electromagnetic information, which is beneficial for earthquake monitoring and prediction researches.
基金financially supported by Public Science and Technology Research Funds Project of Earthquake (No.20080830)
文摘Earthquake-related electromagnetic observation aims at finding abnormal electromagnetic variation associated with earthquake possibly. The existing studies have proved that this method is, to a large extent, effective in short-term and impending earthquake predication. This paper summarizes progress and discusses some related problems in this field. Some requirements for observation system have been proposed to improve monitoring level. As a case observation using the reformed observation system in Jinghai seismologie station, Tianjin, some results are given.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Support Plan of China(2015BAD07B02)
文摘Land disturbance and land restoration are important factors influencing runoff production and sediment yield in the semi-arid loess regions of China. This study compared the runoff production and sediment yield during the early stage after land disturbance（ESLD） with those during restoring stage after land disturbance（RSLD）. Grey relational analysis was used to analyse the importance of each one of the influencing factors（vegetation, rainfall, soil and topography） in affecting the runoff production and sediment yield. Our results showed that during ESLD, topography was the most critical factor controlling the runoff production, while soil was the most important factor controlling the sediment yield. During RSLD, vegetation was more important in affecting runoff production, while rainfall was more important in affecting sediment yield. In additional, this study demonstrated that both the runoff production and the sediment yield can be effectively reduced by restoring vegetation on severely-disturbed lands, thus providing an important theoretical basis for better implementations of the Grain for Green Program. Our results revealed that the vegetation types of Hippophae rhamnoides＋Pinus tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides are better plant selections for land restoration in this area, especially for relatively gentle slopes（i.e., less than 20 degrees）.
文摘针对2007年6-7月的淮河致洪暴雨,采用NCEP资料、卫星TBB（Temperature of Black Body）资料、地面加密资料和1 h的降水资料对此次暴雨过程进行了详细的分析,得到结果如下：1）2007年6-7月主汛期的暴雨带主要位于淮河流域,而不是像通常那样集中在长江中下游。时间长达30余天,超过2003年（持续20余天）。2）整个汛期从6月19日开始至7月26日结束,根据影响系统和雨区分布的不同,可将降水分为3个阶段。其中,第2阶段（6月29日-7月10日）降水最强,影响最大,与梅雨的降水有更多相似。在第2阶段中又有4次降水过程,其中第4次过程（7月7-9日）降水最强,导致10日在王家坝开闸泄洪。3）高纬度的阻塞形势（西阻型）有利于环流的稳定维持和暴雨的持续发生。4）副热带高压稳定在26°N,有利于雨带维持在32°N,另外南海季风涌沿副高西侧将大量水汽输送至淮河流域。5）在阻高和副高之间的西风带上,巴尔喀什湖为低槽区,不断有小股冷空气经我国西北和黄河上游沿偏西路径移至淮河流域,西风槽加深甚至在中国大陆出现切断低压,这在过去淮河暴雨期间不太多见,表明存在明显的中低纬度的相互作用。与此同时,在7月8日高空急流入口区（右侧）与低空急流出口区（左侧）相迭置耦合,非常有利于垂直运动的加强和暴雨的发生。6）在暴雨期间有中尺度低压（扰动）的发生发展,并有与之相关的中尺度云团、雨团甚至更小的中尺度对流系统出现,致使8日寿县24h降水量达262 mm之多。该次强暴雨与淮河流域前期多场强降水形成的高水位“遭遇”,引发了严重的洪水,其影响超过了2003年,成为了1954年以来淮河流域最严重的洪涝。
