Ozone（O3） is an important atmospheric oxidant. Black carbon（BC） particles released into the atmosphere undergo an aging process via O3 oxidation. O3-aged BC particles may change their uptake ability toward trace r...Ozone（O3） is an important atmospheric oxidant. Black carbon（BC） particles released into the atmosphere undergo an aging process via O3 oxidation. O3-aged BC particles may change their uptake ability toward trace reducing gases such as SO2 in the atmosphere,leading to different environmental and health effects. In this paper, the heterogeneous reaction process between O3-aged BC and SO2 was explored via in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）. Combined with ion chromatography（IC）,DRIFTS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the sulfate product. The results showed that O3-aged BC had stronger SO2 oxidation ability than fresh BC, and the reactive species/sites generated on the surface had an important role in the oxidation of SO2.Relative humidity or 254 nm UV（ultraviolet） light illumination enhanced the oxidation uptake of SO2 on O3-aged BC. The oxidation potentials of the BC particles were detected via dithiothreitol（DTT） assay. The DTT activity over BC was decreased in the process of SO2 reduction, with the consumption of oxidative active sites.展开更多
目的探讨DARA-Fab片段处理经抗CD38单克隆抗体雷达木(daratumumab,DARA)治疗后的多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者输血相容性检测方法的可行性,并通过对比二硫苏糖醇(Dithiothreitol,DTT)方法评估其输血疗效。方法将DARA使用Pierc...目的探讨DARA-Fab片段处理经抗CD38单克隆抗体雷达木(daratumumab,DARA)治疗后的多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者输血相容性检测方法的可行性,并通过对比二硫苏糖醇(Dithiothreitol,DTT)方法评估其输血疗效。方法将DARA使用PierceFab制备试剂盒制备成DARA-Fab片段后,确认不同体积(5、10、15、30μL)DARA-Fab片段对于抗筛细胞和抗体鉴定细胞的中和效果;DARA-Fab片段和明确相应抗原的抗筛细胞与对应的单抗试剂为试验组,以添加同体积的生理盐水为对照组孵育后离心;各选取20名经DARA治疗后的MM患者,分别使用DARA-Fab封闭RBC表面抗原和与DTT破坏红细胞表面抗原的方法来进行输血相容性检测,对其输血前后实验室指标进行统计分析,并比较2种配血方法。结果15、30μL DARA-Fab片段与抗筛细胞与混有DARA的血清孵育离心后结果为阴性,5、10μL DARA-Fab结果为阳性,15μL DARA-Fab处理抗体鉴定细胞(2、3、4、5、7、9、11)后为阴性,抗体鉴定细胞(1、6、8、10、12)经30μL DARA-Fab片段处理后,结果为阴性;添加DARA-Fab的实验组对MNS系统、Duffy、Kidd、Kell、Lewis、Rh血型系统和对照组结果一致;DARA-Fab片段这20名患者输注RBC后Hb(hemoglobin,Hb)(73.90±1.90)(g/L)比输血前(63.60±1.58)明显提高,统计学差异明显(P<0.01);患者总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)(μmol/L)(16.25±3.54 vs 17.87±3.57)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)(μmol/L)(6.31±2.32 vs 7.10±2.80)和间接胆红素(Indirect Bilirubin,I-Bil)(9.94±1.38 vs 10.77±1.22)输注前后无明显差异,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。DTT处理方法与DARA-Fab片段封闭方法的输血前后Hb差值(10.75±1.04 vs 10.30±0.98)、TBil差值(3.31±1.47 vs 3.31±0.55)、DBIL差值(2.76±1.24 vs 2.60±0.83)和I-Bil差值(1.97±0.40 vs 2.82±0.53)无明显差异,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论DARA-Fab片段可通过封闭RBC表面CD38抗原,来去除DARA对红细胞输血相容性检测的干扰,这种封闭方法对于红细胞临床常见血型系统的抗原无影响,且通过这种配血方法实验室指标输血疗效明显,与DTT方法的输血疗效无差异。展开更多
The dithiothreitol(DTT)assay is the most commonly used method to quantify the oxidative potential of fine particles.However,the reported DTT decay rates of carbon black(CB)materials vary greatly among different resear...The dithiothreitol(DTT)assay is the most commonly used method to quantify the oxidative potential of fine particles.However,the reported DTT decay rates of carbon black(CB)materials vary greatly among different researchers.This might have resulted from either the intrinsic toxicity of CB or the unsuitability of the DTT assay protocol for CB particles.In the current study,the protocol of the DTT assay for CB materials has been carefully evaluated.It was found that the dispersion degree of CB particles in water has a great influence on the DTT decay rate of CB materials.For CB particles(special black 4A(SB4A)and Printex U)and single-walled carbon nanotube tube(SWCNT),the DTT decay rate after sonication for 10 min became 4.2,4.6 and 1.7 times higher than that without sonication.The rate continued to grow as a function of ultrasound time up to 30 min of sonication.Although the concentration of soluble transition metals and surface oxygen-containing species such as carbonyls increased slightly with sonication,they had no significant effects on the measured DTT activity,while the increase in the dispersion degree of aggregates was found to play a vital role in the observed enhancement of the DTT decay rates for different CB materials.Based on our results,30 min of sonication is recommended for sample dispersion when measuring the DTT decay rate of CB materials.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21277004,21190051,41121004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8132035)+1 种基金the Fujitsu Laboratories Limited Foundation(No.k120400)the Special Fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control(2015)
文摘Ozone（O3） is an important atmospheric oxidant. Black carbon（BC） particles released into the atmosphere undergo an aging process via O3 oxidation. O3-aged BC particles may change their uptake ability toward trace reducing gases such as SO2 in the atmosphere,leading to different environmental and health effects. In this paper, the heterogeneous reaction process between O3-aged BC and SO2 was explored via in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）. Combined with ion chromatography（IC）,DRIFTS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the sulfate product. The results showed that O3-aged BC had stronger SO2 oxidation ability than fresh BC, and the reactive species/sites generated on the surface had an important role in the oxidation of SO2.Relative humidity or 254 nm UV（ultraviolet） light illumination enhanced the oxidation uptake of SO2 on O3-aged BC. The oxidation potentials of the BC particles were detected via dithiothreitol（DTT） assay. The DTT activity over BC was decreased in the process of SO2 reduction, with the consumption of oxidative active sites.
文摘目的探讨DARA-Fab片段处理经抗CD38单克隆抗体雷达木(daratumumab,DARA)治疗后的多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者输血相容性检测方法的可行性,并通过对比二硫苏糖醇(Dithiothreitol,DTT)方法评估其输血疗效。方法将DARA使用PierceFab制备试剂盒制备成DARA-Fab片段后,确认不同体积(5、10、15、30μL)DARA-Fab片段对于抗筛细胞和抗体鉴定细胞的中和效果;DARA-Fab片段和明确相应抗原的抗筛细胞与对应的单抗试剂为试验组,以添加同体积的生理盐水为对照组孵育后离心;各选取20名经DARA治疗后的MM患者,分别使用DARA-Fab封闭RBC表面抗原和与DTT破坏红细胞表面抗原的方法来进行输血相容性检测,对其输血前后实验室指标进行统计分析,并比较2种配血方法。结果15、30μL DARA-Fab片段与抗筛细胞与混有DARA的血清孵育离心后结果为阴性,5、10μL DARA-Fab结果为阳性,15μL DARA-Fab处理抗体鉴定细胞(2、3、4、5、7、9、11)后为阴性,抗体鉴定细胞(1、6、8、10、12)经30μL DARA-Fab片段处理后,结果为阴性;添加DARA-Fab的实验组对MNS系统、Duffy、Kidd、Kell、Lewis、Rh血型系统和对照组结果一致;DARA-Fab片段这20名患者输注RBC后Hb(hemoglobin,Hb)(73.90±1.90)(g/L)比输血前(63.60±1.58)明显提高,统计学差异明显(P<0.01);患者总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)(μmol/L)(16.25±3.54 vs 17.87±3.57)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)(μmol/L)(6.31±2.32 vs 7.10±2.80)和间接胆红素(Indirect Bilirubin,I-Bil)(9.94±1.38 vs 10.77±1.22)输注前后无明显差异,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。DTT处理方法与DARA-Fab片段封闭方法的输血前后Hb差值(10.75±1.04 vs 10.30±0.98)、TBil差值(3.31±1.47 vs 3.31±0.55)、DBIL差值(2.76±1.24 vs 2.60±0.83)和I-Bil差值(1.97±0.40 vs 2.82±0.53)无明显差异,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论DARA-Fab片段可通过封闭RBC表面CD38抗原,来去除DARA对红细胞输血相容性检测的干扰,这种封闭方法对于红细胞临床常见血型系统的抗原无影响,且通过这种配血方法实验室指标输血疗效明显,与DTT方法的输血疗效无差异。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91543109 and 41877306)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. PT1907)Beijing University of Chemical Technology for financial support
文摘The dithiothreitol(DTT)assay is the most commonly used method to quantify the oxidative potential of fine particles.However,the reported DTT decay rates of carbon black(CB)materials vary greatly among different researchers.This might have resulted from either the intrinsic toxicity of CB or the unsuitability of the DTT assay protocol for CB particles.In the current study,the protocol of the DTT assay for CB materials has been carefully evaluated.It was found that the dispersion degree of CB particles in water has a great influence on the DTT decay rate of CB materials.For CB particles(special black 4A(SB4A)and Printex U)and single-walled carbon nanotube tube(SWCNT),the DTT decay rate after sonication for 10 min became 4.2,4.6 and 1.7 times higher than that without sonication.The rate continued to grow as a function of ultrasound time up to 30 min of sonication.Although the concentration of soluble transition metals and surface oxygen-containing species such as carbonyls increased slightly with sonication,they had no significant effects on the measured DTT activity,while the increase in the dispersion degree of aggregates was found to play a vital role in the observed enhancement of the DTT decay rates for different CB materials.Based on our results,30 min of sonication is recommended for sample dispersion when measuring the DTT decay rate of CB materials.
