Determination of Arsenic and Mercury in Soil by Microwave Digestion and Hidride GenerationAtomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

[Objective] The aim was to develop a rapid, simple method for determina- tion of arsenic and mercury in soil samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. [Method] The method for determination of As and Hg in soil by combined atomic fluorescence spectrometry and microwave digestion was used. [Result] The concentration curve was linear within the range of 0-80.0μg/L of As and 0-8.0 μg/L of Hg, and the detection limits of As and Hg was 0.036 μg/L and 0.015 μg/L, respectively. The precision for elevenfold determination of As at 40.0 ug/L level and Hg at 4.0μg/L level were 1.1% and 2.2%（RSD）, respectively. Recoveries of 103.0%-106.6% for As and 90.0%-95.0% for Hg were obtained for there soil samples. [Conclusion] The proposed method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, and high efficiency; it was successfully used for determination of As and Hg in soil samples.

Speciation Analysis of Arsenic Compounds in Seafood by Ion Chromatography-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Ion chromatography-ultra violet-hydride generation-Atomic Florescence Spectrometry was applied to detect 5 arsenic species in seafoods. The arsenic species studied include arsenobetaine(As B), arsenite(As(III)), dimethylarsinic acid(DMA), monomethylarsonic acid(MMA), and arsenate(As(V)), which were extracted from samples using 2% formic acid. Gradient elution using 33 mmol L^(-1) CH_3COONH_4 and 15 mmol L^(-1) Na_2CO_3 with 10 mL CH_3CH_2OH at pH 8.4 allowed the chromatographic separation of all the species on a Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange column in less than 8 min. In this study, an ultrasound extraction method was used to extract arsenic species from seafood. The extraction efficiency was good and the recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 72.6%–109%; the precision between sample replicates was higher than 3.6% for all determinations. The detection limits were 3.543 μg L^(-1) for As B, 0.4261 μg L^(-1) for As(III), 0.216 μg L^(-1) for DMA, 0.211 μg L^(-1) for MMA, and 0.709 μg L^(-1) for As(V), and the linear coefficients were greater than 0.999. We also developed an application of this method for the determination of arsenic species in bonito, Euphausia superba, and Enteromorpha with satisfactory results. Therefore, it was confirmed that this method was appropriate for the detection of arsenic species in seafood.

Determination of arsenic in grain and soil by hydride nondispersive atomic fluorescence method

Quantity of trace arsenic in grain and soil was determined by hydride nondispersive atomic fluorescence method.Optimum conditions of measurement were selected in the experiment including the pH of the medium, reductive agent, the concentration and flowing velocity of KBH4, rate of carrier gas and atomized temperature. The reference sample of rice C was determined and the linear relationship of the calibration curve was plotted, indicating that the method was highly precise. In the experiment of recovery rate, the method was quite satisfactory.Based on the determination of hundreds of samples, it is proved that atomic fluorescence method is rapid, sensitive and low in interference. It is very efficient on determination of trace arsenic in soils and grains, especially in grains.

Evaluation of Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry for Determination of Mercury Using a Low-Powered Argon Microwave Plasma Torch (MPT)

The Microwave-Induced Plasma (MIP) has received considerable attention during the past decade since theintroduction of the Becnakker Cavity. It has been commonly used as an atomization cell for atomic emission spectrometry (AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and a great success was achieved for both techniques. More

Influencing Factors of Determination of Total Arsenic in Soil by Atomic Fluorescence(AFS-9760) Method

In this paper,the atomic fluorescence(AFS-9760)method used for the determination of total arsenic in soil was verified based on three national quality control samples GSS-8,GSS-25,and GSF-3.Under the conditions of negative pressure of 270 V,carrier gas flow of 300 m L/min,and shield flow of 1000 m L/min,the detection limit of the method was 0.0092 mg/kg;the precision of GSS-8,GSS-25,and GSF-3 was 3.96%,1.47%and 1.08%,and the accuracy was 3.07%,2.13%,2.93%respectively.In addition,the matters needing attention during this experiment,such as reagent factor,instrument conditions,calibration curve,etc.,were summarized.It provides certain reference for the determination of total arsenic content in soil by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

Study on Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Excited by Synchrotron Radiation

A novel analysis approach using atomic fluorescence excited by synchrotron radiation is presented. A system for synchrotron radiation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry is developed, and experimental conditions such as flow rate, analyte acidity, concentration of pre-reducing and hydrogenation system are optimized. The proposed method is successfully applied to get an excitation spectrum of arsenic. Seven of ten primary spectral lines, four of which have never been reported by means of atomic fluorescence spectrometry, agree well with the existing reports. The other three are proposed for the first time. Excitation potentials and possible transitions are investigated. Especially for the prominent line at 234.99 nm, the mechanism of generation is discussed and a model of energy transition processes is proposed.

EVALUATON OF MICROWAVE PLASMA TORCH FOR ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY WITH AN ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION SAMPLE INTRODUCTION SYSTEM

In this paper, a new MPT(microwave plasma torch) device has been used as a atomizer for atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Spme elements, such as Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Co, Mg, Cu, Ag, Mn, Fe have been investigated in detail.

Determination of Cadmium in TSP, PM10 in urban areas by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

In this paper, two different diameter particles （TSP, PM10） were collected by TH-16A four-channels classification air sampler. The samples were treated by HNO3. Analysis of cadmium was carried out by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry （HG-AFS） method, and distribution proportions of elements in four phases were calculated. This method was based on the reaction of cadmium with 1.5% （m/v） KBH4 solution and 0.5% KOH（m/v） solution to form the hydride gas in medium of 2% （v/v） HCl. The detection limit for cadmium as low as 0.008μg/L was obtained. The lineally correlation coefficient was 0.99992. The relative standard deviation （n=5, C=1.00μg/L） was 3.26%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cadmium in atmosphere aerosol samples and the recoveries in the range of 95-102.2% were obtained. This method was simple, rapid, less matrix interference and high sensitivity.

Determination of Hg in soil by ultrasonic slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Ultrasonic aided slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry （USS-HG-AFS） was developed for the determination of Hg in soil samples from a sewage-irrigated farm. 500 mg grounded soil was suspended in agar solution by an ultrasound water bath before the HG-AFS determination. The results for the reference material of soil （serial number GBW-07411） agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. Results obtained by the developed procedure compared well with those after traditional acid digestion of samples. The detection limit are 6.7ngL-1 for Hg respectively, with average relative standard deviation values of 6.4% for analysis of a series of soil samples of different origin. The recoveries of the anatytes varied in the range from 95 to 107%. This observation has stimulated interest in fast, accurate and sensitive analytical methods for determination of metals in soil.

Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry based on a single-bounce parabolic capillary

Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO_(2) single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.

Highly sensitive detection of Rydberg atoms with fluorescence loss spectrum in cold atoms

Fluorescence loss spectrum for detecting cold Rydberg atoms with high sensitivity has been obtained based on lock-in detection of fluorescence of 6 P3/2 state when cooling lasers of the magneto-optical trap are modulated.The experiment results show that the signal to noise ratio has been improved by 32.64 dB when the modulation depth(converted to laser frequency)and frequency are optimized to 4 MHz and 6 kHz,respectively.This technique enables us to perform a highly sensitive non-destructive detection of Rydberg atoms.

Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for unknown samples using full-spectrum least-squares regression

The full-spectrum least-squares(FSLS) method is introduced to perform quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for unknown solid samples.Based on the conventional least-squares principle, this spectrum evaluation method is able to obtain the background-corrected and interference-free net peaks, which is significant for quantization analyses. A variety of analytical parameters and functions to describe the features of the fluorescence spectra of pure elements are used and established, such as the mass absorption coefficient, the Gi factor, and fundamental fluorescence formulas. The FSLS iterative program was compiled in the C language. The content of each component should reach the convergence criterion at the end of the calculations. After a basic theory analysis and experimental preparation, 13 national standard soil samples were detected using a spectrometer to test the feasibility of using the algorithm. The results show that the calculated contents of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn have the same changing tendency as the corresponding standard content in the 13 reference samples. Accuracies of 0.35% and 14.03% are obtained, respectively, for Fe and Ti, whose standard concentrations are 8.82% and 0.578%, respectively. However, the calculated results of trace elements (only tens of lg/g) deviate from the standard values. This may be because of measurement accuracy and mutual effects between the elements.

Characterization of a velocity-tunable ^(87)Rb cold atomic source with a high-speed imaging technology

This paper has developed and characterized a method to produce a velocity-tunable ^87Rb cold atomic source for atomic interferometry application. Using a high speed fluorescence imaging technology, it reports that the dynamic process of the atomic source formation is observed and the source performances including the flux and the initial velocity are characterized. A tunable atomic source with the initial velocity of 1.4-2.6 m/s and the atomic source flux of 2× 10^8 - 6 × 10^9 atoms/s has been obtained with the built experimental setup.

Determination of the atomic density of rubidium-87

Atomic density is a basic and important parameter in quantum optics, nonlinear optics, and precision measurement.In the past few decades, several methods have been used to measure atomic density, such as thermionic effect, optical absorption, and resonance fluorescence. The main error of these experiments stemmed from depopulation of the energy level, self-absorption, and the broad bandwidth of the laser. Here we demonstrate the atomic density of^87 Rb vapor in paraffin coated cell between 297 K and 334 K mainly using fluorescence measurement. Optical pumping, anti-relaxation coating, and absorption compensation approaches are used to decrease measurement error. These measurement methods are suitable for vapor temperature at dozens of degrees. The fitting function for the experimental data of87 Rb atomic density is given.

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒大豆中硒代氨基酸的含量

取0.1 g脱脂后富硒大豆样品于离心管中,用5 mL pH 7.5的130 mmol·L^(-1)三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷-盐酸缓冲液超声振荡30 min,用15 mg链霉蛋白酶于37℃振荡酶解5 h,离心后取上清液,过0.22μm尼龙有机滤膜。滤液中的硒代半胱氨酸(SeCys)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、甲基硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)在Agela MP-C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以含2%(体积分数)甲醇和0.5 mmol·L^(-1)四丁基溴化铵的40 mmol·L^(-1)磷酸氢二铵溶液(pH 7.0)进行等度洗脱,并采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定3种硒代氨基酸的含量。结果表明,3种硒代氨基酸在7 min内可以实现基线分离,标准曲线的线性范围均为5~100μg·L^(-1),检出限依次为0.086,0.075,0.047 mg·kg^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为85.5%~103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)不大于3.0%。方法用于分析富硒大豆中的硒代氨基酸,大豆中硒赋存形态多为SeMet,含量占总硒量的85.5%~94.5%。

基于石墨消解法测定海洋沉积物中7种重金属的含量

鉴于目前常用的海洋沉积物中重金属测定的消解方法存在工作效率低、操作复杂、交叉污染、人员危险性高等问题,通过比对和参考现行规范、标准和文献资料中海洋沉积物重金属的不同消解方法,提出了全自动石墨消解海洋沉积物的方法,并以原子荧光光谱法测定汞和砷的含量,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜、铅、锌、镉、铬的含量。以6 mL盐酸、2 mL硝酸和8 mL水为消解酸,于100℃消解0.2 g样品1.5 h;消解结束后,冷却至室温,用水定容至50 mL,按照原子荧光光度计的工作条件测定汞和砷的含量。以5 mL盐酸、5mL硝酸为消解酸,先于120℃消解0.2 g样品1 h;然后加入2 mL硝酸、5 mL氢氟酸和2 mL高氯酸,于180℃继续消解4 h;消解结束后,冷却至室温,用水定容至50 mL,按照电感耦合等离子体质谱仪的工作条件测定铜、铅、锌、镉、铬的含量。结果表明:汞、砷标准曲线的线性范围分别在1.00μg·L^(-1)以内和10.0μg·L^(-1)以内,铜、铅、锌、镉、铬标准曲线的线性范围在100μg·L^(-1)以内,汞、砷、铜、铅、锌、镉、铬的检出限(3 s)为0.006~0.522 mg·kg^(-1);使用有证海洋沉积物标准物质进行验证,7种重金属测定值均在认定值的不确定度范围内,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.4%~7.4%;对3种实际样品进行回收试验,回收率为92.5%~111%。

基于飞秒激光与纳秒激光协同多光子诱导荧光的火焰中氢原子瞬态检测

为了准确测量碳氢燃料燃烧过程中原位氢原子,提出了飞秒-纳秒激光协同激发的氢原子瞬态在线探测策略。以243 nm的飞秒激光经过双光子过程将基态氢原子激发到2S能级,随后这些氢原子再被656 nm的纳秒激光激发到3P能级,通过探测3P-2S的荧光发射,实现了宽当量比范围的氢原子无干扰瞬态在线测量。实验结果表明:通过飞秒-纳秒协同的方式,可以有效降低激光光解产生的氢原子对原位氢原子探测的干扰。

水浴消解-原子荧光法测定糖厂滤泥中的总砷和总汞

建立了采用水浴消解-原子荧光光度法测定糖厂滤泥中总砷和总汞含量的方法。试验结果表明,在最佳测试条件下,糖厂滤泥样品中总砷、总汞的线性浓度范围分别为0~100μg/L、0~2.00μg/L;总砷、总汞的检出限分别为0.012 mg/kg、0.001 mg/kg;精密度试验(n=9)总砷、总汞的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.4%、3.8%;回收试验总砷、总汞的回收率分别为98.8%~107.9%、98.5%~107.2%。该方法准确度高,其精密度、检出限、回收率均能满足检测的要求,可为广西糖厂滤泥中总砷和总汞的含量测定及安全性评价提供参考。

内部质控样芹菜中总砷含量的不确定度评定

《检验检测机构资质认定能力评价检验检测机构通用要求》(RB/T 214—2017)4.5.15中鼓励检验检测机构在检验检测出现临界值、内部质量控制或客户有要求时,报告测量不确定度。按《食品安全国家标准食品中总砷及无机砷的测定》(GB 5009.11—2014)第二法原子荧光光谱法测定内部质控样芹菜中的总砷,并对其进行测量不确定度评定。结果显示芹菜中总砷的含量为0.516 mg·kg^(-1),其扩展不确定度为0.046 mg·kg^(-1),证书提供的标准差为0.021 mg·kg^(-1),换算成Z比分数,|Z|=0.33,测试结果满意。

邻二氮菲荧光分光光度法测定粉状食品中铁的含量

基于在三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液中,邻二氮菲与Fe^(2+)形成的络合物使邻二氮菲荧光强度减弱的原理,提出了题示方法。取1.0000 g样品,加入8.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL 30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液,静置过夜后加热至近干,加入5.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL高氯酸,继续加热至近干,加入2.50 mL 1.0 mol·L^(−1)硝酸溶液溶解,用水定容至25 mL。取一定体积上述溶液(蛋白质粉固态饮料样品取1.00 mL、婴儿配方奶粉样品取1.50 mL和面粉样品取2.00 mL),加入1.00 mL 50.0 g·L^(−1)盐酸羟胺溶液,静置2 min,加入4.00 mL 5.00×10^(-4)mol·L^(−1)邻二氮菲工作溶液,混匀后加入2.50 mL1.0 mol·L^(−1)三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液(pH 8.5),用水定容至25 mL,静置10 min后在激发波长323 nm下,测量体系在363 nm处的荧光强度。结果表明:Fe^(3+)质量浓度在1.3440 mg·L^(−1)以内与邻二氮菲的荧光强度下降值呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.009 mg·L^(−1)。方法用于粉状食品中铁含量的测定,本底值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.7%~7.6%;按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为94.6%~99.9%,测定值的RSD(n=5)为1.5%~4.1%。经F检验和t检验分析,本方法与紫外-可见分光光度法、火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果无显著性差异,但本方法的灵敏度更高。