Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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奥沙利铂与多西他赛治疗晚期消化道肿瘤的疗效比较

目的 研究奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合替吉奥与多西他赛(TXT)联合替吉奥治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法选取2018年4月至2021年4月郸城县人民医院收治的ⅢB~Ⅳ期晚期胃癌患者60例,根据不同用药方案分为TXT联合替吉奥31例(A组)和L-OHP联合替吉奥29例(B组),两组患者均完成1个周期以上的化疗。观察两组化疗结束时的临床疗效、不良反应发生率和辅助化疗后行手术治疗的效果。结果 A组与B组化疗后的ORR缓解率分别为54.84%、48.28%,两组近期疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.826,P=0.401);两组患者治疗后消化道反应和化疗后不良反应发生率经比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);A组患者辅助化疗后行根治术和姑息性手术切除率分别为67.74%、9.68%,B组分别为58.62%和13.79%,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生率和术后生活质量经比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 TXT联合替吉奥与L-OHP联合替吉奥治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效接近,两种联合方案均可缩小瘤体,提高胃癌根治性切除率。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

多西他赛联合奈达铂和顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察多西他赛联合双铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法 60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组:多西他赛75 mg/m2,分别于第1、8天给药;顺铂(PDD)15 mg/(m2.d),d1-3天;奈达铂(NDP)50 mg/m2,d5;对照组:多西他赛75 mg/m2,分别于第1、8天给药;顺铂(PDD)25mg/(m2.d),d1-3天。21天为1周期。结果治疗组:CR 2例,PR 12例,SD 15例,PD 1例,有效率(RR)为46.7%(14/30);对照组:CR 1例,PR 12例,SD 15例,PD 2例,有效率(RR)43.3%(13/30),两组有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组呕吐的发生率明显高于治疗组(P<0.05)。白细胞减少治疗组为96.7%,对照组为93.3%(P>0.05)。血小板减少治疗组为73.3%,对照组为30.0%(P<0.05)。结论多西他赛联合双铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效确切,不良反应可耐受。

奈达铂联合多西他赛治疗晚期宫颈癌的临床观察

目的:探讨奈达铂联合多西他赛对晚期宫颈癌患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性选取2014年4月-2016年4月于我院就诊的晚期宫颈癌患者53例,根据化疗方案分为观察组(31例)和对照组(22例)。对照组患者给予多西他赛注射液60 mg/m^2,ivgtt,qw;观察组患者在对照组基础上给予注射用奈达铂35 mg/m^2+0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释至500 m L,ivgtt(≥60 min),qw。两组患者均以21 d为1个化疗周期,行2个周期化疗。两组患者治疗结束2周后评价临床疗效,检测治疗前及治疗结束2周后增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)积分,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者的总有效率(77.42%)明显高于对照组(63.64%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者PCNA积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者PCNA积分均明显降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者各项不良反应均集中在I度,且不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:奈达铂联合多西他赛可明显提高晚期宫颈癌患者的临床疗效,与多西他赛单独使用相比,并不会增加不良反应的发生。

多西他赛乏氧增敏放射治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的探讨周剂量多西他赛乏氧增敏放射治疗食管癌的临床疗效。方法选择100例乏氧阳性食管癌患者随机分为增敏组50例和单放组50例。两组均行前程普通放疗加后程适形放疗,总剂量DT66～70 Gy/33～35次,6.5-7周完成。增敏组在放疗同期行多西他赛化疗,每次40 mg,每周1次,总量为160～200 mg/4～5次,同时给一定的对症支持治疗。治疗前及治疗后行上消化道造影、胸部CT,腹部B超等检查,以评价疗效。结果增敏组总有效率(CR+PR)为92%,单放组总有效率为66%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组中位生存时间分别为31月和20月,1、2、3年生存率分别为(89.8±3.7)%(95%可信区间)、(78.1±6.4)%、(38.7±9.1)%和(85.6±3.5)%、(49.8±7.7)%、(15.8±11.5)%。两组比较,1年总生存率(OS)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2年、3年OS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组1、2、3年局部控制率分别为78.9%、52.3%、18.6%和66.1%、32.4%、9.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增敏组骨髓抑制毒副反应较单放组增加,但经处理后均能顺利完成治疗。结论周剂量多西他赛乏氧增敏放射治疗食管癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受。

多西紫杉醇联合顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究

目的：评价多西紫杉醇联合顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶（DCF）治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和毒性反应。方法：用DCF方案治疗晚期胃癌患者28例。结果：可评价疗效者26例，完全缓解（CR）1例，占3．8％；部分缓解（PR）13例，占50．O％；稳定（SD）9例，占34．6％；进展（PD）3例，占11．5％。总有效率（CR＋PR）为53．8％。中位肿瘤进展期5．5个月，中位生存期9．6个月。主要不良反应为白细胞减少23例（88．5％），药物毒性反应Ⅲ～Ⅳ度18例（69．2％），脱发23例（88．5％），腹泻7例（26．9％），口腔炎11例（42．3％），1例发生治疗相关性死亡。结论：多西紫杉醇联合顺铂、5．氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胃癌临床缓解率较高，提高生存质量，毒副反应可耐受，可以作为难治或复发的晚期胃癌二线治疗方案。

埃克替尼与多西他赛在晚期NSCLC二线治疗中的对比研究

目的比较二线治疗药物埃克替尼及多西他赛单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及不良反应。方法收集37例二线埃克替尼口服治疗以及41例同期收治的接受多西他赛治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,比较其疗效及不良反应。结果多西他赛组疾病控制率为61.0%,埃克替尼组为83.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.025)。多西他赛组中位无进展生存期为3.4月,埃克替尼组为2.6月(P=0.419)。两组出现重度不良反应比率差异无统计学意义(P=0.521)。结论在EGFR基因突变状态未明前提下,两药短期疗效相当,临床用药需参考优势人群临床特征、体质状况及各自不良反应情况等。

二甲基亚砜、透明质酸酶治疗多西紫杉醇外渗性大鼠皮肤损伤

目的观察二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、透明质酸酶(HAase)不同用药方法对多西紫杉醇外渗性皮肤损伤大鼠的疗效。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组5只,每只大鼠双后肢造成多西紫杉醇血管外渗模型后,分别外涂DMSO、局部注射HAase、HAase局部注射联合DMSO外涂、外涂生理盐水(NS)、局部注射NS及模型对照组不作任何防治干预。观察各组大鼠多西紫杉醇外渗性损伤程度和损伤愈合时间。结果各组大鼠损伤程度有差异,其中DMSO组、HAase组及联合用药组的损伤程度较轻,NS外涂组、NS注射组和模型对照组的损伤程度较重。DMSO组的损伤愈合时间为19.10±2.13天,显著短于NS外涂组23.70±2.41天和模型对照组25.70±2.26天(P<0.01)。HAase组和HAase联合DMSO组的损伤愈合时间为12.00±3.00天和14.40±2.30天,显著短于其他4组的愈合时间(P<0.01),但该两组间无显著性差异。结论DMSO外涂或HAase单独局部注射均可降低多西紫杉醇外渗性损伤程度,缩短损伤愈合时间,具有良好的疗效。联合用药未能提高疗效。

互为内标法测定紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇血浆药物浓度及临床应用

目的：建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定人血浆中紫杉醇、多西紫杉醇浓度为临床个体化给药方案、疗效及不良反应评价提供实验依据。方法：紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇互为内标,血浆样品采用乙腈提取法,以Dik MA Diamonsil C18反相色谱柱分离样品,流动相为乙腈∶水（55∶45）,检测波长为227 nm,流速为1.2 ml·min-1,柱温为25℃。结果：紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇血药浓度在0.078-10.0 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好;最低定量下限为0.039 mg·L-1;平均方法回收率分别为99.85%和100.35%;日内、日间相对标准差均低于5%;短期稳定性、长期稳定性和反复冻融稳定性相对标准差均低于10%。紫杉醇临床样本血浆药物浓度监测结果范围为0.18-6.16 mg·L-1,临床监测结果存在明显个体差异。结论：紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇血浆药物浓度差异明显,进行两药治疗药物监测十分必要。本方法灵敏、准确、便捷、快速,适用于紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇的临床常规治疗药物监测及药动学研究。