Six degrees of freedom(6DoF)input interfaces are essential formanipulating virtual objects through translation or rotation in three-dimensional(3D)space.A traditional outside-in tracking controller requires the instal...Six degrees of freedom(6DoF)input interfaces are essential formanipulating virtual objects through translation or rotation in three-dimensional(3D)space.A traditional outside-in tracking controller requires the installation of expensive hardware in advance.While inside-out tracking controllers have been proposed,they often suffer from limitations such as interaction limited to the tracking range of the sensor(e.g.,a sensor on the head-mounted display(HMD))or the need for pose value modification to function as an input interface(e.g.,a sensor on the controller).This study investigates 6DoF pose estimation methods without restricting the tracking range,using a smartphone as a controller in augmented reality(AR)environments.Our approach involves proposing methods for estimating the initial pose of the controller and correcting the pose using an inside-out tracking approach.In addition,seven pose estimation algorithms were presented as candidates depending on the tracking range of the device sensor,the tracking method(e.g.,marker recognition,visual-inertial odometry(VIO)),and whether modification of the initial pose is necessary.Through two experiments(discrete and continuous data),the performance of the algorithms was evaluated.The results demonstrate enhanced final pose accuracy achieved by correcting the initial pose.Furthermore,the importance of selecting the tracking algorithm based on the tracking range of the devices and the actual input value of the 3D interaction was emphasized.展开更多
The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is pr...The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.展开更多
Non-uniform linear array(NULA)configurations are well renowned due to their structural ability for providing increased degrees of freedom(DOF)and wider array aperture than uniform linear arrays(ULAs).These characteris...Non-uniform linear array(NULA)configurations are well renowned due to their structural ability for providing increased degrees of freedom(DOF)and wider array aperture than uniform linear arrays(ULAs).These characteristics play a significant role in improving the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation accuracy.However,most of the existing NULA geometries are primarily applicable to circular sources(CSs),while they limitedly improve the DOF and continuous virtual aperture for noncircular sources(NCSs).Toward this purpose,we present a triaddisplaced ULAs(Tdis-ULAs)configuration for NCS.The TdisULAs structure generally consists of three ULAs,which are appropriately placed.The proposed antenna array approach fully exploits the non-circular characteristics of the sources.Given the same number of elements,the Tdis-ULAs design achieves more DOF and larger hole-free co-array aperture than its sparse array competitors.Advantageously,the number of uniform DOF,optimal distribution of elements among the ULAs,and precise element positions are uniquely determined by the closed-form expressions.Moreover,the proposed array also produces a filled resulting co-array.Numerical simulations are conducted to show the performance advantages of the proposed Tdis-ULAs configuration over its counterpart designs.展开更多
Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因家族在植物的生长发育和响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。为了解番木瓜中Dof基因家族成员信息,通过生物信息学手段对番木瓜全基因组中Dof基因家族进行鉴定,分析其理化性质、基因结构、保守基序...Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因家族在植物的生长发育和响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。为了解番木瓜中Dof基因家族成员信息,通过生物信息学手段对番木瓜全基因组中Dof基因家族进行鉴定,分析其理化性质、基因结构、保守基序、系统发育、顺式作用元件以及在乙烯处理下的转录谱,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-qPCR)分析Dof基因在番木瓜幼苗中响应红蓝光的表达模式。结果表明,番木瓜基因组中共鉴定出CpDofs 20个,它们分布在18条染色体上,氨基酸数230~499个,蛋白理论分子量23.88~53.56 kD,且均位于细胞核中。系统进化分析表明,20个CpDofs蛋白被分为3个亚家族,即ClassⅠ含2个,ClassⅡ含6个,ClassⅡ含12个。MEME分析发现所有CpDofs蛋白都含有Motif 1,推测Motif 1是CpDofs家族成员的重要组成部分。顺式作用元件分析发现,CpDofs的启动子区域存在大量光响应元件,而qRT-PCR分析发现,红光和蓝光能够诱导CpDofs基因表达。以上结果对研究CpDofs功能及响应红光和蓝光调控机制奠定了基础。展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)plays a critical role in signal recognition of distributed sensor systems(DSS),boosting its applications in multiple monitoring fields.Due to the domain differences between massive sensors i...Artificial intelligence(AI)plays a critical role in signal recognition of distributed sensor systems(DSS),boosting its applications in multiple monitoring fields.Due to the domain differences between massive sensors in signal acquisition conditions,such as manufacturing process,deployment,and environments,current AI schemes for signal recognition of DSS frequently encounter poor generalization performance.In this paper,an adaptive decentralized artificial intelligence(ADAI)method for signal recognition of DSS is proposed,to improve the entire generalization performance.By fine-tuning pre-trained model with the unlabeled data in each domain,the ADAI scheme can train a series of adaptive AI models for all target domains,significantly reducing the false alarm rate(FAR)and missing alarm rate(MAR)induced by domain differences.The field tests about intrusion signal recognition with distributed optical fiber sensors system demonstrate the efficacy of the ADAI scheme,showcasing a FAR of merely 4.3%and 0%,along with a MAR of only 1.4%and 2.7%within two specific target domains.The ADAI scheme is expected to offer a practical paradigm for signal recognition of DSS in multiple application fields.展开更多
【目的】全基因组水平鉴定并解析玉米Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因家族。【方法】基于玉米V3基因组数据鉴定玉米Dof基因家族,并从基因的结构、系统发育关系、染色体的位置分布、玉米不同组织和不同生理发育阶段基因的表达谱以...【目的】全基因组水平鉴定并解析玉米Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因家族。【方法】基于玉米V3基因组数据鉴定玉米Dof基因家族,并从基因的结构、系统发育关系、染色体的位置分布、玉米不同组织和不同生理发育阶段基因的表达谱以及在充足氮(sufficient nitrogen,SN)和低氮(limiting nitrogen,LN)条件下V3期叶组织基因的差异表达5个方面分析玉米Dof基因家族。【结果】玉米参考基因组中存在46个Dof结构域基因,命名为Zm V3Dof1—Zm V3Dof46。通过系统发育关系和序列相似性将该基因家族分为8个亚类(Subgroup)S1—S8,每个亚类有3—8个Dof基因。通过分析该家族染色体分布,发现玉米10条染色体,除Chr.9外,均有Dof基因的分布,其中,在Chr.1上分布最为密集,有12个Zm V3Dofs;在Chr.5和Chr.3上分布次之,分别为8和7个Zm V3Dofs;在其他染色体上则分布较少,此外,Dofs在Chr.1的底部、Chr.5的顶部和底部分布密度相对较高。表达谱分析结果表明,Dof基因家族成员在不同组织及不同发育阶段均有差异表达,预示不同Dof基因功能的多样性以及在植物发育过程中扮演着不同角色,且同一亚类Dof基因表达模式存在一定程度的相似性。此外,玉米Dof基因家族对氮响应较为敏感,充足氮(SN)和低氮(LN)条件下,V3期叶组织基因的RNAseq表达结果显示35个Dof基因在2种氮处理下表达量存在差异,其中13个基因表达量差异较大。值得注意的是21个Dof基因在低氮处理下表达量上调,其中8个基因只在低氮条件下表达。【结论】基于最新版基因组数据鉴定玉米在自交系B73基因组中存在46个Dof基因,Dof基因家族成员参与玉米不同生理发育过程中,部分基因可能在氮代谢调控中发挥积极作用。展开更多
采用SMART-RACE技术克隆了茶树Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因CsCDF1的全长c DNA序列,并利用在线生物信息学软件对其进行了分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该Dof基因在茶树不同组织间的表达差异和昼夜表达规律,及其在氮饥饿处理2...采用SMART-RACE技术克隆了茶树Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因CsCDF1的全长c DNA序列,并利用在线生物信息学软件对其进行了分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该Dof基因在茶树不同组织间的表达差异和昼夜表达规律,及其在氮饥饿处理2周后对不同浓度氮素诱导的响应。该c DNA序列全长1 606 bp,包含1个编码464个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框,含有高度保守的DOF结构域,推导的蛋白分子量为50.8 k Da,理论等电点(PI)为5.52;其编码的蛋白序列与茸毛烟草、马铃薯和美花烟草的CDF蛋白(Cycling dof factor)相似性分别为69%、67%、68%。系统发育分析结果表明,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥CDF蛋白聚为一类,因此将其命名为CsCDF1;CsCDF1在3个不同茶树品种根系中的表达量均高于一芽二叶和成熟叶;在一天中,该基因的表达呈现出昼夜节律变化;在氮饥饿后重新供氮,不同组织中该基因对不同浓度氮素的响应均为上调。展开更多
DOF(DNA binding with one finger)转录因子是植物特有的转录因子家族,含有一个独特的富含Cys残基的单锌指DNA结合区域,在植物生长发育中参与多种生物学过程。本研究根据拟南芥AtDof1.7基因(GenBank登录号为AT1G51700)序列设计含有不同...DOF(DNA binding with one finger)转录因子是植物特有的转录因子家族,含有一个独特的富含Cys残基的单锌指DNA结合区域,在植物生长发育中参与多种生物学过程。本研究根据拟南芥AtDof1.7基因(GenBank登录号为AT1G51700)序列设计含有不同酶切位点的特异性扩增引物,以拟南芥总DNA为模板,扩增AtDof1.7基因片段,将AtDof1.7基因正向反向分别插入表达载体的相应位置,构建成AtDof1.7基因的RNA干扰载体pADOF1。利用改良的floral-dip方法将干扰载体pADOF1成功转入野生型拟南芥,经草甘膦抗性筛选和PCR检测获得5株阳性转基因植株。利用RT-PCR技术和气相色谱法分别分析了AtDof1.7基因的表达和种子脂肪酸组成,结果表明,5株转基因植株中AtDof1.7基因的表达量不同程度低于野生型植株,种子油酸含量明显上升,亚麻酸含量明显下降,说明AtDof1.7转录因子与拟南芥种子脂肪酸代谢途径有一定的关系,为进一步研究其在脂肪酸代谢过程中的调控作用以及在油菜中研究该类转录因子的功能奠定了基础。展开更多
文摘Six degrees of freedom(6DoF)input interfaces are essential formanipulating virtual objects through translation or rotation in three-dimensional(3D)space.A traditional outside-in tracking controller requires the installation of expensive hardware in advance.While inside-out tracking controllers have been proposed,they often suffer from limitations such as interaction limited to the tracking range of the sensor(e.g.,a sensor on the head-mounted display(HMD))or the need for pose value modification to function as an input interface(e.g.,a sensor on the controller).This study investigates 6DoF pose estimation methods without restricting the tracking range,using a smartphone as a controller in augmented reality(AR)environments.Our approach involves proposing methods for estimating the initial pose of the controller and correcting the pose using an inside-out tracking approach.In addition,seven pose estimation algorithms were presented as candidates depending on the tracking range of the device sensor,the tracking method(e.g.,marker recognition,visual-inertial odometry(VIO)),and whether modification of the initial pose is necessary.Through two experiments(discrete and continuous data),the performance of the algorithms was evaluated.The results demonstrate enhanced final pose accuracy achieved by correcting the initial pose.Furthermore,the importance of selecting the tracking algorithm based on the tracking range of the devices and the actual input value of the 3D interaction was emphasized.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11872212)and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62031017,61971221)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(NP2020104)。
文摘Non-uniform linear array(NULA)configurations are well renowned due to their structural ability for providing increased degrees of freedom(DOF)and wider array aperture than uniform linear arrays(ULAs).These characteristics play a significant role in improving the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation accuracy.However,most of the existing NULA geometries are primarily applicable to circular sources(CSs),while they limitedly improve the DOF and continuous virtual aperture for noncircular sources(NCSs).Toward this purpose,we present a triaddisplaced ULAs(Tdis-ULAs)configuration for NCS.The TdisULAs structure generally consists of three ULAs,which are appropriately placed.The proposed antenna array approach fully exploits the non-circular characteristics of the sources.Given the same number of elements,the Tdis-ULAs design achieves more DOF and larger hole-free co-array aperture than its sparse array competitors.Advantageously,the number of uniform DOF,optimal distribution of elements among the ULAs,and precise element positions are uniquely determined by the closed-form expressions.Moreover,the proposed array also produces a filled resulting co-array.Numerical simulations are conducted to show the performance advantages of the proposed Tdis-ULAs configuration over its counterpart designs.
文摘Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因家族在植物的生长发育和响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。为了解番木瓜中Dof基因家族成员信息,通过生物信息学手段对番木瓜全基因组中Dof基因家族进行鉴定,分析其理化性质、基因结构、保守基序、系统发育、顺式作用元件以及在乙烯处理下的转录谱,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-qPCR)分析Dof基因在番木瓜幼苗中响应红蓝光的表达模式。结果表明,番木瓜基因组中共鉴定出CpDofs 20个,它们分布在18条染色体上,氨基酸数230~499个,蛋白理论分子量23.88~53.56 kD,且均位于细胞核中。系统进化分析表明,20个CpDofs蛋白被分为3个亚家族,即ClassⅠ含2个,ClassⅡ含6个,ClassⅡ含12个。MEME分析发现所有CpDofs蛋白都含有Motif 1,推测Motif 1是CpDofs家族成员的重要组成部分。顺式作用元件分析发现,CpDofs的启动子区域存在大量光响应元件,而qRT-PCR分析发现,红光和蓝光能够诱导CpDofs基因表达。以上结果对研究CpDofs功能及响应红光和蓝光调控机制奠定了基础。
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61922033&U22A20206)Zhejiang Provincial Market Supervision Bureau Young Eagle Plan project under Grant CY2022228.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)plays a critical role in signal recognition of distributed sensor systems(DSS),boosting its applications in multiple monitoring fields.Due to the domain differences between massive sensors in signal acquisition conditions,such as manufacturing process,deployment,and environments,current AI schemes for signal recognition of DSS frequently encounter poor generalization performance.In this paper,an adaptive decentralized artificial intelligence(ADAI)method for signal recognition of DSS is proposed,to improve the entire generalization performance.By fine-tuning pre-trained model with the unlabeled data in each domain,the ADAI scheme can train a series of adaptive AI models for all target domains,significantly reducing the false alarm rate(FAR)and missing alarm rate(MAR)induced by domain differences.The field tests about intrusion signal recognition with distributed optical fiber sensors system demonstrate the efficacy of the ADAI scheme,showcasing a FAR of merely 4.3%and 0%,along with a MAR of only 1.4%and 2.7%within two specific target domains.The ADAI scheme is expected to offer a practical paradigm for signal recognition of DSS in multiple application fields.
文摘采用SMART-RACE技术克隆了茶树Dof(DNA binding with one finger)基因CsCDF1的全长c DNA序列,并利用在线生物信息学软件对其进行了分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该Dof基因在茶树不同组织间的表达差异和昼夜表达规律,及其在氮饥饿处理2周后对不同浓度氮素诱导的响应。该c DNA序列全长1 606 bp,包含1个编码464个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框,含有高度保守的DOF结构域,推导的蛋白分子量为50.8 k Da,理论等电点(PI)为5.52;其编码的蛋白序列与茸毛烟草、马铃薯和美花烟草的CDF蛋白(Cycling dof factor)相似性分别为69%、67%、68%。系统发育分析结果表明,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥CDF蛋白聚为一类,因此将其命名为CsCDF1;CsCDF1在3个不同茶树品种根系中的表达量均高于一芽二叶和成熟叶;在一天中,该基因的表达呈现出昼夜节律变化;在氮饥饿后重新供氮,不同组织中该基因对不同浓度氮素的响应均为上调。
文摘DOF(DNA binding with one finger)转录因子是植物特有的转录因子家族,含有一个独特的富含Cys残基的单锌指DNA结合区域,在植物生长发育中参与多种生物学过程。本研究根据拟南芥AtDof1.7基因(GenBank登录号为AT1G51700)序列设计含有不同酶切位点的特异性扩增引物,以拟南芥总DNA为模板,扩增AtDof1.7基因片段,将AtDof1.7基因正向反向分别插入表达载体的相应位置,构建成AtDof1.7基因的RNA干扰载体pADOF1。利用改良的floral-dip方法将干扰载体pADOF1成功转入野生型拟南芥,经草甘膦抗性筛选和PCR检测获得5株阳性转基因植株。利用RT-PCR技术和气相色谱法分别分析了AtDof1.7基因的表达和种子脂肪酸组成,结果表明,5株转基因植株中AtDof1.7基因的表达量不同程度低于野生型植株,种子油酸含量明显上升,亚麻酸含量明显下降,说明AtDof1.7转录因子与拟南芥种子脂肪酸代谢途径有一定的关系,为进一步研究其在脂肪酸代谢过程中的调控作用以及在油菜中研究该类转录因子的功能奠定了基础。
