Trend Analysis of Exchange Rate of the Ghana Cedi against the US Dollar Using Time Series

Exchange rate volatility or its stability is a key determinant of the state of a country’s economy. The Ghana cedi’s performance against the US dollar in recent times has been the worse in the past decade. This has resulted in high inflation, high cost of living and high cost of production in Ghana. Despite the recent economic recovery growth, the cedi continues to strife in high rate of exchange against the dollar. This study examines and models a trend, and makes predictions of future rates of the cedis against the US dollar. Methodology: The study used a 13-year data of exchange rates of Ghana cedi and the US dollar spanning from 2010 to mid-2023 from the Bank of Ghana’s economic data on exchange rates, Ghana Stock Exchange and the World Bank. The ARIMA and SARIMA models were used to model the trends and for forecasting, taking into the consideration the asymmetric and seasonal effect of the data. Results: The outputs show that, the Ghana cedi will continue to rise but steadily against the US dollar for the remaining months of 2023 except in December, and continue to decline afterwards through into 2024. Conclusion: The cedi continues to weaken in value and the strength of its purchasing power. A weaker currency depicts a “junk” economy which affects its foreign investment. As the US dollar continues to rise, the Government and policy makers must implement effective policies to stabilize its rise against the cedi. Export of commodities must increase in addition to import restrictions to balance trade deficit and to strengthen the Ghana Cedi.

DE-DOLLARIZATION IS TRENDING AND THERE'S NO TURNING BACK

The U.S.dollar has long stood tall as the pre-eminent global currency for international cross-border trade settlements and foreign exchange reserves ever since the launch of the Bretton Woods institutions-International Monetary Fund(IMF)and World Bank(WB).

If I Had a Million Dollars

If I had a million dollars,I would study abroad to major in English and management.After completing my studies,I would return to work in my motherland.I would work hard and try my best to make more contributions to society.My good friends Mike,David and Mary may have their own ideas.

I AM A DOLLAR

For geneerations I’ve been honest,sound and reliable.My safety is legendary.Some call me Almighty.Others warn thatworship of me is a sin.I am a dollar.Abuck.One of these2.61-by-6.14-inch piecesof printed paper in your pocket or purse.Credit cards were supposed to havemade me obsolete years ago,but people useme more than ever.In1960,only＄165.16was in circulation for each one of you.Now it’s＄888.85.

“dollar”“$”和美元

在日常生活中,人们常常把“dollar”与美元划等号,其实,“dollar”中文译为“元”,是指流通于许多欧洲国家的银币。它最早产生于1494年,当时主要有西班牙元,即比索(peso),英语国家的人称之为“dollar”,还有奥地利的“玛丽亚·特雷莎”元等。西班牙元在拉美地区通行,奥地利元在红海地区流通。目前世界上有许多国家和地区把元当成自己的本位货币单位,如:加拿大、澳大利亚、香港、巴哈马。

Bottom Dollar

Cameron Mounger and I have been friendssince we were teenagers.Both of us liked music,and several years after we left high school,Cambecame *a disc jockey.Recently he told me the story about the day hewas down to his last dollar.It was the day his luck—and his life—changed.

The Costs and Benefits That Developing Countries Could Draw From Dollarization: The Zimbabwean Experience Period 2009-2018

The paper presents and examines the impact of dollarization on growth and development of emerging economies with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s experience in the period, 2009-2018. The research study explores the theoretical and empirical evidence drawn from countries of the world that dollarized for various economic reasons. The study used a descriptive survey design to analyse the research data drawn from the field on the impact of dollarization on economic growth and development prospects of dollarized emerging economies. It was found out that dollarization was essential in reducing high inflation and unemployment rates to acceptable levels, increased aggregate supply and demand, the gross domestic product (GDP), and living standards of the citizens of developing nations. The study concluded that dollarization contributed significantly to the growth and development of most emerging economies of the world. It was therefore recommended that emerging economies such as Zimbabwe should rationally and effectively dollarize in their desire to attain all the millennium development goals (MDGs), and drive towards elimination of dependence on rich nations, self-reliance, and sustainable development.

A Trillion-dollar Medical Device Market

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,medical devices have attracted more attention.Many products show the importance of medical devices in modern medical treatment:from the blossoming of diagnostic products to the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation(ECMO)and high-flow oxygen delivery.Under the multiple catalysis of technology empowerment,favorable policies and market expansion,the medical device industry will usher in a golden investment period.

Where Did a Hundred Dollars Go?

Many years ago, I was out on business and went to live in a Detroit hotel. I had just got some money, and didn’t want tocarry too much money with me. I asked the desk clerk to puta hundred-dollar bill in the safe for me overnight. The next morning when I went to the clerk for my money, hesaid that he had not taken any of my money. I had neither areceipt nor any othec proof that I had given the man my money.

dollar为什么用“＄”表示?

【问】[371]dollar 为什么用“＄”表示?【答】表示 dollar 的符号“＄”是从古代西班牙“本洋”银币中的一个图案演变过来的,这种“本洋”银币是当时西班牙的属地墨西哥制造的,银币上的图案有两根柱子,因此称为“双柱币”,这两根柱子代表的是直布罗陀海峡两岸险峻的山崖,是为了纪念古代希腊神话中的大力士赫格利斯(Hercules)。在古希腊神话传说中,大力神 Hercules

Modelling of Corporate Exposure at Default(EAD)in Emerging Financial Markets:The Case for Counters Listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange(ZSE)in the Dollarization Era

This study explores the Exposure at Default(EAD)emanating from credit events undertaken by listed banking corporations trading on emerging markets,such as Zimbabwe’s Stock Exchange(ZSE)or market in the dollarization era,namely period 2010-2012.The dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy in 2009 coincided with the recovery of the global financial economy from the worst worldwide economic recession ever experienced in this world.The study used audited and published data drawn from financial statements of two banking corporations for the period 2010 to 2012 that were accessible on ZSE website.These data were presented and analyzed using Eviews7.The study revealed that there were a lot of non-performing loans drawn from EADs of banking corporations trading on the ZSE in the period under review.The study further noted that credit exposures issued by commercial banks in the period 2010-2012 were also exposed to risk from the nature of the borrowers,banks’internal and external market variables.The variables that impacted on banks’credit exposures include political,social,industrial,unemployment,technological challenges,state of financial markets,their capitalization and liquidity statuses.We therefore conclude that banks in emerging markets need to efficiently and effectively manage their credit portfolios in their desire to grow towards sustainable development.The study also concludes that banks in emerging markets that are into lending activities should adopt and implement financial econometric(EAD)models that are easy to apply,practical,pragmatic,and adjusted for market friction.The study recommends that listed banking corporations in emerging markets need to adhere to the requirements of the Basel Ⅱ and Ⅲ Capital Accords if they are to make meaningful business out of their credit exposure operations.It also recommends that banks should come up with capitalization and investment strategies that suit their economic conditions if they are to grow and develop sizeable market shares and wealth from their lending businesses.Finally the study recommends that banks in emerging economies should adapt to international business standards,strategies,ethics,and corporate governance parameters if they are to grow towards greater similarity with those in developed nations in their service delivery to the stakeholders and contribution to nation building and sustainable development.

Six Months,Sixty Billion Dollars

Chinese textile and garment exports has put on a good show for the first half of 2006 and it has remained a steady growth, also, shipments to non-quota countries enjoyed a bigger growth compared to 2005.

No Dilemma for Dollar

THE inclusion of the yuan in the International Monetary Fund＇s （IMF） currency basket of Special Drawing Rights （SDR） marked 2015 as a milestone in the internationalization of the Chinese currency. A higher convertibility rate for the yuan is closely related to the improved position of the Chinese economy. Since China became the world＇s second progress has been achieved international. argest economy, great n making the yuan more

Cotton Prices Likely to Trade Inversely to Dollar

After briefly breaching 65 cents/lb, the December contract fell sharply over a few of days in mid-August before finding support near 58 cents/lb. In the weeks since, December futures have gradually drifted upwards,

Detecting the nested determinants of the Australian Dollar-U.S.Dollar exchange rate regime and simulating its behaviour

This paper aims to detect the underlying regime behind the historical data of the Australian Dollar-U.S.Dollar exchange rate and potential influential factors.Based on academic research and empirical analysis,a series of statistical analysis are carried out to capture the significant factors and their channels through which they could exert effects upon the dynamic behaviour of the exchange rate.

Debunked:China's De-Dollarization

According to statistics released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on May 7,China's foreign exchange(forex)reserves had hit$3.2048 trllion by late April,an increase of $20.9 billion or 0.66 percent over the end of March.The U.S.dollar remains the dominant forex reserve of China,and its amount is on the rise.The argument that China is accelerating de-dollarization to ramp up the intermationalization of the renminbi(RMB)and American political worries about the RMB's threat t the status of the dollar are baseless.

Concurrent Depreciations of the RMB and the US Dollar:Insights and Implications

Since March 24,2023,the renminbi(RMB)has depreciated against the US dollar,recording a drop of 5.74% by June 30.Simultaneously,the volatility in the US dollar's strong momentum was marked by two periods of decline from March 24 to April 26 and from May 31 to June 21,both of which coincided with the RMB's depreciation.Typically,there is a strong negative correlation between the exchange rate of the RMB against the US dollar and the US dollar index.

Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties

Landslides are pervasive geohazards that pose a serious threat to human lives,property,and crucial engineering constructions.Annually,landslides lead to tens of thousands of fatalities(see the paper of"List of typical catastrophic landslides from March 2004 to February 2024"in this issue,doi:10.31035/cg2024079)and cause economic damages amounting to billions of dollars around the world,as well as disrupting crucial infrastructures such as railways,highways。

节俭的百万富翁

Heinz B.looks like a homeless person with nothing to his name,but appearances can be misleading.He might not look like the rich,but the octogenarian is worth several millions of dollars and knows how to increase his for⁃tune.Besides,he claims to have been frugal his whole life,so he doesnt really need money to get by.He is more than happy living on food found in dumpsters and hoarding(贮藏)all sorts of things other people throw away.