抛石防波堤人工护面块体强度模拟研究

本文主要研究了混凝土人工护面块体在模型试验中的强度模拟问题，根据不同比尺要求的强度指标，确定新型材料组成成份及其配比，并针对已有防波堤护面块体的破坏情况，进行了水槽模型验证试验。

Microbiological Quality of “Rabilé”, a Yeast Used for Fermentation of Dolo, a Local Beer in Dédougou, Burkina Faso

Sorghum beer or dolo is part of the eating habits of part of the population of Dédougou because of its low price compared with industrial beers. Its production is an ancestral tradition that uses traditional equipment and gives dolo organoleptic properties that are not found in industrial beers. The production process involves several stages, including fermentation, which itself comprises natural lactic fermentation followed by alcoholic fermentation using traditional yeasts, which are not controlled in any way. The general aim of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of these fermentative yeasts in the town of Dédougou, in order to contribute to the health safety of the population and the promotion of these local beers. Twenty samples of fermenting yeast were analyzed according to ISO standards, to isolate enterobacteria, total and faecal coliforms according to standard procedures for isolating these micro-organisms. The isolated strains were identified using the API20E gallery. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of 51.17% enterobacteria, 45.38% total coliforms and 3.45% thermotolerant coliforms. We counted 40% Escherichia coli, 20% Enterobacter cloacae, 20% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 20% Klebsiella spp. All the strains detected are capable of surviving in hostile conditions and could harm the quality of the dolo, consumer health and cause real collective food poisoning in the town of Dédougou. This enabled us to assess the microbial quality of these yeasts and to propose more suitable measures for producing and preserving dolo under hygienic conditions to protect consumer health.

Simulation on the Strength of Model Armor Block on Rubble-Mound Breakwaters

This paper mainly deals with the simulation on the strength of the concrete armor block in model test. According to the requirement for the strength of blocks in models with various scales, the components of materials for model blocks and their proportions are determined. The failure of armor blocks on rubble-mound breakwaters is reproduced by model tests.

Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects at Sominé DOLO Hospital in Mopti

Despite the efforts made to fight the tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis still remains a public health problem, particularly for low-income countries. According to the World Health Organization data, our country, Mali has detected only half of the 10,385 cases of tuberculosis expected for 2014 for a population of 17,309,000 inhabitants. The objective of this present work was to describe the different clinical aspects and the epidemiology of tuberculosis at Hospital Sominé Dolo in Mopti. We performed a retro-prospective and descriptive of tuberculosis cases diagnosed in our department of medicine between May 2016 and August 2018. A total of 96 tuberculosis cases were recorded, i.e. 4.6% and 1.0% for hospitalizations and consultations patterns, respectively. The median of age was 41 with extremes from 5 to 80 years. The age group [31 - 40 years] was the most affected with 20.8%. Men and women were affected in identical proportions, i.e. 50%. Pulmonary locations were the most frequent with 55.2%. Pleural tuberculosis was far the most frequent of the extra-pulmonary forms with 24.0% followed by the peritoneal and bone localization with 6.3% each. The majority of patients were followed on an outpatient basis, i.e. 90.6%. The disease lethality was 7.3%. Our data show that the cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis are in an increasing proportion and their diagnosis confirmation remains difficult in our context.

Small Bowel Obstruction: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in the General Surgery Department of Hôpital SominéDOLO de Mopti

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is defined as a complete and persistent cessation of the transit of materials and gases. It occurs in a segment of the digestive tract located between the pylorus and the colorectal junction. We report an observational study which aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of small bowel obstruction. This study was carried out in the General Surgery Department of Hôpital Sominé DOLO de Mopti from October 1, 2016 to October 1, 2018. A total of 114 patients were recorded for whom the diagnosis was related to an occlusion. The median age was 37 years with extremes ranging from 6 months to 90 years. Male sex was predominant with a sex-ratio of 1.8. The frequency of small bowel occlusions over all occlusions was 74.03%. The most encountered clinical signs were as followed: abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (88.6%), cessation of materials and gas (79.9%) and meteorism (62.3%). All patients underwent medical imaging, the most common of which was an abdomen without preparation X-ray (AWP). On the etiological level, the main causes found postoperatively were: flanges and adhesion (55.2%), strangulated hernias (28.0%), acute intussusception (6.1%), small bowel volvulus (3.5%) and small bowel tumor (1.6%). Releasing the bridles was the most common surgery process (28.0%). The morbidity of the immediate follow-up was (13.1%) and the mortality was (7.0%). This high mortality is due to ignorance of the signs of seriousness and the socio-cultural barrier (decision of the patriarch to agree to a surgical intervention), the late use of hospital facility and the limited financial capability of the patients.

Abdominal Trauma Management: About 62 Cases at the Department of General Surgery of Hôpital SominéDOLO de Mopti, Mali

We undertook a prospective and descriptive observational study on abdominal trauma from February 1, 2016 to August 31, 2017. The aim of this work was to identify the typology and management of abdominal trauma cases in our surgery department. Overall, abdominal trauma represented 3.54% (62/1751) of all surgeries during the study period. Among the 62 cases, men accounted for 59 and women for 3. The sex ratio was 19.67. The mean age was 24 ± 15 years. Road accidents were the most represented with 43.5% of cases. The couple of signs, hypovolemic shock and abdominal pain and decrease on blood pressure were the prominent clinical symptoms with 100.0%, and 50.0% of cases, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal x-ray without contrast were performed in 67.0% and 18.0% of cases, respectively. Abdominal trauma was divided into two entities: contusion 68% and wounds 32%. Medical treatment was sufficient in 23.00% of cases. Laparotomy as a surgical approach was performed in 77.0% of cases. Local hemostasis plus drainage (27.08%), splenectomy (25.00%), suture (14.58%), hemostasis by tamponade (8.33%) and colostomy (2.08%) were undertaken as surgical procedures when it came to deal with contusions. Debridement of wounds plus suture and hemostasis by tamponade was performed in 18.73% and 4.16 cases, respectively. The most observed lesions were those of the spleen with 27.42% and those of the small bowel with 24.19%. The postoperative follow-up was straightforward in 83.33% of cases. The overall mortality was 4.17%.

Isolation and Identification of Indigenous Yeasts from “<i>Rabil&eacute;</i>”, a Starter Culture Used for Production of Traditional Beer “<i>dolo</i>”, a Condiment in Burkina Faso

Rabilé is a ferment of dolo, a traditional sorghum beer of Burkina Faso and it is harvested at the end of dolo fermentation process. It is a significant source of proteins and it is used like a condiment and food seasoning by some communities. The present study characterized and identified the yeasts isolated from Rabilé. A total of 70 samples were collected from 7 localities of Burkina Faso with dolo sellers according to the ethnic groups. The aerobic mesophilic flora count from Rabilé varied from 8.34 ± 0.72 to 10.07 ± 0.51 log10 CFU·g-1 and yeast varied from 7.24 to 8.28 log10 UFC·g-1. Based on morphological, cultural, sexual and biochemical (carbon and nitrogen assimilation) profiles, 50 yeast strains were identified and found to belong to 4 genera and 7 species. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found as most predominant yeasts species of yeast in of Rabilé with 64 %, Rhodotorula muciloginosa, (8%), Candida pseudorhangii (6%), Candida heliconiae (12%), Candida utilis (4%), Shizosaccharomyces pombe (4%) and Sporobolomyces odoratus (2%). This activity has been carried out in the Laboratory of Biotechnology for Food and Nutritional Sciences, University Ouaga I Pr Josph KY-ZERBO, Burkina Faso, and it was done from June to October 2018.