Some unique subclasses of Camelidae antibodies are devoid of the light chain, and the antigen binding site is comprised exclusively of the variable domain of the heavy chain （VHH）. The recombinant VHHs have a high p...Some unique subclasses of Camelidae antibodies are devoid of the light chain, and the antigen binding site is comprised exclusively of the variable domain of the heavy chain （VHH）. The recombinant VHHs have a high potential as alternative reagents for the next generation of immunoassay. In particular, they might be very useful for molecular mimicry. The present study demonstrated an alpaca immunized with the F（ab＇）z fragment of anti-aflatoxin B1 mAb and developed an important anti-idiotypic （anti-ld） responses. Antigen-specific elution method was used for panning private anti-ld VHHs from the constructed alpaca VHH library. The selected VHHs were expressed, renatured, purified, and then identified by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Our findings indicated that the VHH would be an alternative tool for haptens mimicry studies.展开更多
Most of the reported observations are about the dynamic properties of individual domain-walls in magnetic nanowires,but the properties of multiple stripe-domains have rarely been investigated.Here,we demonstrate a sim...Most of the reported observations are about the dynamic properties of individual domain-walls in magnetic nanowires,but the properties of multiple stripe-domains have rarely been investigated.Here,we demonstrate a simple but efficient scenario for multiple domains injection in magnetic nanowires.The domain-chains(DCs),a cluster of multiple domains,can be dynamically generated with tunable static properties.It is found that the number of domains in a single DC can be dynamically adjusted by varying the frequency of microwave field(MF)and the period of spin-polarized current(SPC)intensity.The static properties of the DCs,i.e.,its length,spacing,and period between neighboring DCs,can be dynamically controlled by regulating the frequency of MF and the intensity of SPC.We have also discussed the possibility of using domain-chains as information carries,which provides a meaningful approach for flexible multi-bit information storage applications.展开更多
The glomerulonephritis disease is characterized by inflammation of glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidney that causes kidney diseases. The reason of glomerulonephritis disease is to deposit the anti-GBM auto a...The glomerulonephritis disease is characterized by inflammation of glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidney that causes kidney diseases. The reason of glomerulonephritis disease is to deposit the anti-GBM auto antibody in the glomerular basement membrane. The type IV collagen is the main component of glomerular basement membrane that has α3 chain of type (IV) collagen of non-collagenous domain which contains N-terminal 7S domain, a triple helical collagenous domain and C-terminal non-collagenous glomerular domain (NC1). The amino terminal of α3 (IV) NC1 that induces the Experimental Autoimmuno Glomerulonephritis (EAG) in rat model has been identified. The recombinant rat α3 (IV) NC1 antigen has nine amino acid spans that are consistent with antibody or T cell epitope that induces in EAG. The research is carried out on the recombinant rat α3 (IV) NC1 production, purification, quantification, and characterization. The circulation of anti-GBM antibody in glomerular basement membrane can be measured by the ELISA assay. In addition, the recombinant rat antigen is secreted in HEK293 cell supernatant that is purified by Anti-FLAG M2 monoclonal IgG antibody affinity column and characterized and quantified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques.展开更多
Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pa...Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The afifnity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of human intercostal muscles was detected by immunolfuorescence staining. The ability of the fusion protein to block myas-thenia gravis patient sera binding to acetylcholine receptors and its stability in healthy serum were measured by competitive ELISA. The results showed that the inhibition rate was 2.0-77.4%, and the stability of fusion protein in static healthy sera was about 3 days. This approach suggests the scFv-human serum albumin is a potential candidate for speciifc immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis.展开更多
为了抵御身份伪造攻击和解决认证效率低的问题,提出了一种基于主从链的跨域身份认证算法(Cross-domain identity Authentication algorithm based on the Master-Slave chain,CAMS)。该算法基于区块链技术利用主从链方式实现了车辆数据...为了抵御身份伪造攻击和解决认证效率低的问题,提出了一种基于主从链的跨域身份认证算法(Cross-domain identity Authentication algorithm based on the Master-Slave chain,CAMS)。该算法基于区块链技术利用主从链方式实现了车辆数据的跨域存储和共享,从而提高了跨域身份认证效率。此外,CAMS算法在跨域认证过程中引入了假名的生成和验证参数。在验证消息之前,进一步验证车辆身份,确保认证身份的匿名性,抵御身份伪造攻击。仿真结果表明,CAMS在计算开销和认证效率方面具有较好的性能。展开更多
Based on the structure of glass （or liquid） polymers consisting of α-domain, β-co-domain, and entanglement constituent chain networks, and the nonexponentially viscoelastic behavior, a “heterophase fluctuation” ...Based on the structure of glass （or liquid） polymers consisting of α-domain, β-co-domain, and entanglement constituent chain networks, and the nonexponentially viscoelastic behavior, a “heterophase fluctuation” model was proposed. It was found that the dynamics of cooperative rearrangement on the “fluidized domain” has a great shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences. When the shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences were taken account into the cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain by the degradation of primary α-domain and the reformation of secondary β-co-domain constituent chains. A new dynamic theory of cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain constituent chains with different size and different network chain length during physical and mechanical aging was established. The total viscoelastic free en-ergy of deformation resulting from the change in conformations of α-domain, β-co-domain, crytallite, crosslinked, and trapped entanglement constituent chains during aging processes was calculated by the combining method of kinetics and statistical mechanics. The constitu- tive equations and reduced stress relaxation modulus and creep compliances for three types of polymers were also derived. Finally, two reduced universal equations on creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus with a non-linear and two nonexponential parameters α and β were theoretically derived from the dynamic theory and a statistically extended mode coupling theory for double aging effects of polymers was developed. Results show that the two reduced universal equations have the same form as Kohlraush-Williams-Watts （K-W-W） stretched exponential function. The nonlinearity and the nonexponentiality are, respectively, originated from the memory effects of nonthermal and thermal history. The correlation of nonlinearity, α and β to the aging time, aging temperature, and the mesomorphic structure of fluidized domains was also established.展开更多
It is well established that all camelids have unique antibodies circulating in their blood.Unlike antibodies from all other species,these special antibodies are devoid of light chains,and are composed of a heavy chain...It is well established that all camelids have unique antibodies circulating in their blood.Unlike antibodies from all other species,these special antibodies are devoid of light chains,and are composed of a heavy chain homodimer.These so-called heavy-chain antibodies(HCAbs)are expressed after a V-D-J rearrangement and require dedicated constant gamma genes. An immune response is raised in these HCAbs following a classical immunization protocol.These HCAbs are easily purified from serum,and their antigen-binding fragment interacts with parts of the target that are less antigenic to conventional antibodies.The antigen binding site of the dromedary HCAb comprises one single domain,referred to as VHH or nanobody(Nb),therefore,a strategy was designed to clone the Nb repertoire of an immunized dromedary and to select the Nb with specificity for our target antigens.The monoclonal Nb is produced well in bacteria,is very stable and highly soluble,and it binds the antigen with high affinity and specificity.Currently,the recombinant Nb has been developed successfully for research purposes, as a probe in biosensors,to diagnose infections,or to treat diseases such as cancer or trypanosomiasis.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127804)the National Natural Science Funds(31171696,China)the Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University(SKLF-MB-201002)
文摘Some unique subclasses of Camelidae antibodies are devoid of the light chain, and the antigen binding site is comprised exclusively of the variable domain of the heavy chain （VHH）. The recombinant VHHs have a high potential as alternative reagents for the next generation of immunoassay. In particular, they might be very useful for molecular mimicry. The present study demonstrated an alpaca immunized with the F（ab＇）z fragment of anti-aflatoxin B1 mAb and developed an important anti-idiotypic （anti-ld） responses. Antigen-specific elution method was used for panning private anti-ld VHHs from the constructed alpaca VHH library. The selected VHHs were expressed, renatured, purified, and then identified by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Our findings indicated that the VHH would be an alternative tool for haptens mimicry studies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11704191)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20171026)the Six-Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.XYDXX-038)
文摘Most of the reported observations are about the dynamic properties of individual domain-walls in magnetic nanowires,but the properties of multiple stripe-domains have rarely been investigated.Here,we demonstrate a simple but efficient scenario for multiple domains injection in magnetic nanowires.The domain-chains(DCs),a cluster of multiple domains,can be dynamically generated with tunable static properties.It is found that the number of domains in a single DC can be dynamically adjusted by varying the frequency of microwave field(MF)and the period of spin-polarized current(SPC)intensity.The static properties of the DCs,i.e.,its length,spacing,and period between neighboring DCs,can be dynamically controlled by regulating the frequency of MF and the intensity of SPC.We have also discussed the possibility of using domain-chains as information carries,which provides a meaningful approach for flexible multi-bit information storage applications.
文摘The glomerulonephritis disease is characterized by inflammation of glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidney that causes kidney diseases. The reason of glomerulonephritis disease is to deposit the anti-GBM auto antibody in the glomerular basement membrane. The type IV collagen is the main component of glomerular basement membrane that has α3 chain of type (IV) collagen of non-collagenous domain which contains N-terminal 7S domain, a triple helical collagenous domain and C-terminal non-collagenous glomerular domain (NC1). The amino terminal of α3 (IV) NC1 that induces the Experimental Autoimmuno Glomerulonephritis (EAG) in rat model has been identified. The recombinant rat α3 (IV) NC1 antigen has nine amino acid spans that are consistent with antibody or T cell epitope that induces in EAG. The research is carried out on the recombinant rat α3 (IV) NC1 production, purification, quantification, and characterization. The circulation of anti-GBM antibody in glomerular basement membrane can be measured by the ELISA assay. In addition, the recombinant rat antigen is secreted in HEK293 cell supernatant that is purified by Anti-FLAG M2 monoclonal IgG antibody affinity column and characterized and quantified by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30360100,30760234,30860260,81160373,81360458
文摘Single-chain variable domain fragment （scFv） 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion pro-tein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The afifnity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of human intercostal muscles was detected by immunolfuorescence staining. The ability of the fusion protein to block myas-thenia gravis patient sera binding to acetylcholine receptors and its stability in healthy serum were measured by competitive ELISA. The results showed that the inhibition rate was 2.0-77.4%, and the stability of fusion protein in static healthy sera was about 3 days. This approach suggests the scFv-human serum albumin is a potential candidate for speciifc immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis.
文摘为了抵御身份伪造攻击和解决认证效率低的问题,提出了一种基于主从链的跨域身份认证算法(Cross-domain identity Authentication algorithm based on the Master-Slave chain,CAMS)。该算法基于区块链技术利用主从链方式实现了车辆数据的跨域存储和共享,从而提高了跨域身份认证效率。此外,CAMS算法在跨域认证过程中引入了假名的生成和验证参数。在验证消息之前,进一步验证车辆身份,确保认证身份的匿名性,抵御身份伪造攻击。仿真结果表明,CAMS在计算开销和认证效率方面具有较好的性能。
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.50973007）.
文摘Based on the structure of glass （or liquid） polymers consisting of α-domain, β-co-domain, and entanglement constituent chain networks, and the nonexponentially viscoelastic behavior, a “heterophase fluctuation” model was proposed. It was found that the dynamics of cooperative rearrangement on the “fluidized domain” has a great shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences. When the shear rate, domain size, and temperature dependences were taken account into the cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain by the degradation of primary α-domain and the reformation of secondary β-co-domain constituent chains. A new dynamic theory of cooperatively localized rearrangement on the fluidized domain constituent chains with different size and different network chain length during physical and mechanical aging was established. The total viscoelastic free en-ergy of deformation resulting from the change in conformations of α-domain, β-co-domain, crytallite, crosslinked, and trapped entanglement constituent chains during aging processes was calculated by the combining method of kinetics and statistical mechanics. The constitu- tive equations and reduced stress relaxation modulus and creep compliances for three types of polymers were also derived. Finally, two reduced universal equations on creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus with a non-linear and two nonexponential parameters α and β were theoretically derived from the dynamic theory and a statistically extended mode coupling theory for double aging effects of polymers was developed. Results show that the two reduced universal equations have the same form as Kohlraush-Williams-Watts （K-W-W） stretched exponential function. The nonlinearity and the nonexponentiality are, respectively, originated from the memory effects of nonthermal and thermal history. The correlation of nonlinearity, α and β to the aging time, aging temperature, and the mesomorphic structure of fluidized domains was also established.
文摘It is well established that all camelids have unique antibodies circulating in their blood.Unlike antibodies from all other species,these special antibodies are devoid of light chains,and are composed of a heavy chain homodimer.These so-called heavy-chain antibodies(HCAbs)are expressed after a V-D-J rearrangement and require dedicated constant gamma genes. An immune response is raised in these HCAbs following a classical immunization protocol.These HCAbs are easily purified from serum,and their antigen-binding fragment interacts with parts of the target that are less antigenic to conventional antibodies.The antigen binding site of the dromedary HCAb comprises one single domain,referred to as VHH or nanobody(Nb),therefore,a strategy was designed to clone the Nb repertoire of an immunized dromedary and to select the Nb with specificity for our target antigens.The monoclonal Nb is produced well in bacteria,is very stable and highly soluble,and it binds the antigen with high affinity and specificity.Currently,the recombinant Nb has been developed successfully for research purposes, as a probe in biosensors,to diagnose infections,or to treat diseases such as cancer or trypanosomiasis.
