Comparison of dominant frequency attenuation of blasting vibration for different charge structures

Dominant frequency attenuation is a significant concern for frequency-based criteria of blasting vibration control.It is necessary to develop a concise and practical prediction equation describing dominant frequency attenuation.In this paper,a prediction equation of dominant frequency that accounts for primary parameters influencing the dominant frequency was proposed based on theoretical and dimensional analyses.Three blasting experiments were carried out in the Chiwan parking lot for collecting blasting vibration data used to conduct regression analysis of the proposed prediction equation.The fitting equations were further adopted to compare the reliability of three different types of dominant frequencies in the proposed equation and to explore the effects of different charge structures on the dominant frequency attenuation.The apparent frequency proved to be more reliable to express the attenuation law of the dominant frequency.The reliability and superiority of the proposed equation employing the apparent frequency were verified by comparison with the other five prediction equations.The smaller blasthole diameter or decoupling ratio leads to the higher initial value and corresponding faster attenuation of the dominant frequency.The blasthole diameter has a greater influence on the dominant frequency attenuation than the decoupling ratio does.Among the charge structures applied in the experiments,the charge structure with decoupling ratio of 1.5 and blasthole diameter of 48 mm results in the greatest initial value and corresponding fastest attenuation of the dominant frequency.

ENTRANCE LAWS FOR DAWSON-WATABE SUPERPROCESSES WITH NONLOCAL BRANCHING

This paper proves a 1-1 correspondence between minimal probability entrance laws for the superprocess and entrance laws for its underlying process. From this the author deduces that an infinitely divisible probability entrance law for the superprocess is uniquely determined by an infinitely divisible probability measure on the space of the underlying entrance laws. Under an additional condition, a characterization is given for all entrance laws for the superprocess, generalizing the results of Dynkin (1989). An application to immigration processes is also discussed.

Entropy Analysis of Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System by Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics

By means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thispaper gives out the entropy analysis method for vapor-comperession refrigeration system.The thermal irrevers-ibility of the system charged with R12 and its hopeful al-ternative refrlgerant R134a have been studied respective-ly.On the basis of all the research results of this paper,the measure used to save energy for vapor-compressionrefrigeration system has been put out.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

LAW AND LUXURY IN AUGUSTAN ROME (TACITUS, ANNALS 3.53-4)

Introduction: Tacitus on Law and Luxury'quid enim primum prohibere et priscum ad morem recidere adgrediar? villarumne infinita spatia? familiarum numerum et nationes? argenti et auri pondus? aeris tabularumque miracula? promiscas viris et feminis vestis atque illa feminarum propria,

The particular species determining spatial heterogeneity in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Spatial patterns of plant species and patchy community are important properties in grasslands.However,research regarding spatial patterns of formed patches with various species has not fully advanced until now.Our purpose is to clarify differences in spatial pattern formed by species and community constructed under shady and terrace habitats.The three common Kobresia-Carex patches(Size 1,0.6–0.9 m^(2);Size 2,3.0–3.8 m^(2) and Size 3,6.5–8.8 m^(2))were selected in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and corresponding quadrats of 1m1m,2m2m and 3m3m were placed for S1,S2 and S3 patches,respectively.The surveyed quadrats were divided into 20cm20cm large cells(L-cells),and further divided into four 10cm10cm small cells(S-cells).We used the binary occurrence system(presence/absence data)to record occurrences of all species in S-cells.The analysis shows that the power law model was well able to determine the spatial distribution pattern of species or patchy community in shady and terrace.All species and patches show aggregated distribution in shady and terrace habitats.In the shady habitat,the relative spatial heterogeneity(ε)of individual plant species was lowest at presence frequency(P)of 0.1–0.3,whereas in the terrace habitatεwas lowest at P<0.1,andεincreased monotonically with increasing P.For most dominant species,P andεvalues were higher in terrace than those in shady.We concluded that the dominant species largely determine spatial heterogeneity of the Kobresia-Carex patches,while companion and rare species have weak influence on the community-level heterogeneity in shady and terrace habitats.

Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, and Pareto Rule

From a basic probabilistic argumentation, the Zipfian distribution and Benford’s law are derived. It is argued that Zipf’s law fits to calculate the rank probabilities of identical indistinguishable objects and that Benford’s distribution fits to calculate the rank probabilities of distinguishable objects. i.e. in the distribution of words in long texts all the words in a given rank are identical, therefore, the rank distribution is Zipfian. In logarithmic tables, the objects with identical 1st digits are distinguishable as there are many different digits in the 2nd, 3rd… places, etc., and therefore the distribution is according to Benford’s law. Pareto 20 - 80 rule is shown to be an outcome of Benford’s distribution as when the number of ranks is about 10 the probability of 20% of the high probability ranks is equal to the probability of the rest of 80% low probability ranks. It is argued that all these distributions, including the central limit theorem, are outcomes of Planck’s law and are the result of the quantization of energy. This argumentation may be considered a physical origin of probability.

互联网平台企业滥用市场支配地位的认定与规制

数字平台现已成为互联网经济发展的重要基础,互联网平台所具有的潜在动力不仅拓宽了社会公众的消费渠道,也带动了平台企业的转型升级。因互联网平台企业自身的免费定价模式、动态竞争以及网络外部性特征区别于传统企业经济,进而出现了平台反垄断现象。互联网平台企业的属性构造、相关市场和行为类型都对滥用市场支配地位的认定有所影响。因此应遵循回应型规制方式,对互联网平台企业实施分类监管,不断完善认定思路,精准规制滥用行为,从而保障互联网平台企业的平稳运行。

平行行为的反垄断规制

长期以来,传统寡头市场中大企业协调一致的平行行为的反垄断规制一直困难重重,也由此产生了一系列相互交错的制度工具。这些制度工具包含多种相互关联的基本概念,也反映了反垄断规制对于平行行为的复杂的理论立场。随着算法时代的来临,反垄断法将面对数量更多、更为稳固的平行行为。必须进一步将缺乏合意证据的“协议”、滥用共同支配地位行为、算法合谋等视为一个同源的整体——平行行为,并明确反垄断法相应的制度工具及其发展变化,才能更好地实现对平行行为的规制。

论司法过程中的法律-事实关系

乍看起来,司法过程中的事实在法律面前处于一种完全消极的地位:它必须通过法律的裁剪、规范、加工,才可能进入司法结论。这也正是当前既有相关理论的一般认识。然而,如果深入考察作为司法活动前提的立法之本质就会发现,法律对事实的支配作用其实并不限于"加工",它还在很大程度上参与事实的创设过程。另一方面,如果我们剖析非典型案例的判决过程并对其影响作一种长距离的考察,则将发现事实有时又会反向催变法律。从理论上厘清法律与事实的这种双向关系,既可能有助于我们更准确地把握司法过程,也可能有助于我们更深刻地理解"法律(之治)是一种实践理性"这一经典命题,还可能有助于我们处理法治的普适性与正义的地方性两者间的困境。

从临床经验统计看胃经“腧穴-脏腑”相关规律

目的:探索胃经腧穴的主治规律。方法:对权威文献所记载的胃经腧穴的主治作用进行分类统计。结果:胃经腧穴的主治作用规律与神经节段性支配规律相吻合。结论:传统理论总结与临床经验或临床实践之间有较大距离;针灸学理论需要创新和发展。

“大数据杀熟”反垄断规制的路径优化

互联网平台经济在为人们带来便利的同时也带来了“大数据杀熟”难题。相较于其他法律,《反垄断法》在规制“大数据杀熟”方面更具优势,但“大数据杀熟”的反垄断规制路径本身面临相应的困境,需进一步优化。首先,面对平台经济经营模式的新变化,需要改进市场支配地位的认定方式。在此基础上,要明确“正当理由”的判断标准,从而划清“大数据杀熟”行为合法与否的界限。最后,需要完善.“大数据杀熟”反垄断私人诉讼制度,从而帮助消费者克服诉讼时面临的困难,进而平衡诉讼双方的诉讼地位。

算法共谋的反垄断法规制挑战与对策

算法的应用导致了算法共谋风险,引起各国反垄断执法机构的关注。算法共谋具体分为算法明示共谋以及算法默示共谋,这些问题对传统反垄断法理论造成冲击,且不同程度地对反垄断规制框架提出挑战,包括算法共谋行为的隐蔽导致发现困难以及取证困难,难以对违法主体进行归责,难以认定算法默示共谋的违法性。为回应算法共谋难题,反垄断规制机构应当扩充制度工具箱,明确算法共谋的违法性认定框架,完善共同市场支配地位制度以及违法信息发现机制,并设置算法规制要求。在算法共谋违法的认定框架方面,对存在意思联络与明确协议的算法共谋沿用垄断协议制度。而针对缺乏意思联络要件以及无法证明存在协议的,应将其纳入共同市场支配地位制度的调制范畴,以“滥用行为”的形式规制算法滥用行为。

论大数据商业模式反垄断规制的困境与出路——以滥用市场支配地位为研究视角

以数字技术为代表的新一轮科技革命与产业革命为竞争秩序的监管和规制带来了挑战。一方面数据驱动循环效应加强了规模经济和网络效应,另一方面在大数据商业模式的影响下拥有数据控制能力的平台经营者实施的排他性交易与剥削性定价行为扰乱了公平的市场竞争机制。因此需要优化和完善反垄断法的分析框架,在相关市场的界定环节不拘泥于具体的分析工具,将数据控制能力等非价格因素纳入为界定参数的同时,需要明确“个人隐私”作为分析工具的限制。促使反垄断法能够适应社会发展变化的需求,充分发挥其在数字经济时代的调整、平衡和治理功效。

乡镇政府发挥法治乡村建设主体作用路径分析

随着我国全面依法治国战略不断推进,作为其基础性工作的法治乡村建设在此过程中已取得了诸多成果,我国乡村治理法治化水平明显提高。乡镇政府作为法治乡村建设的重要主体,在参与法治乡村建设过程中发挥主体作用有其必要性及诸多现实意义。但当前部分乡镇政府在参与法治乡村建设时依旧面临着主体边界模糊不清、专业化程度低、压力负担过大等现实困境。因此,针对现实问题,从乡镇政府内部与外部两方面分析梳理加强乡镇政府主体作用的路径。一方面从内部对乡镇政府自身进行优化与调适,另一方面需要其他外部因素的助成与支持,两方形成合力。以此为乡镇政府划清职能范围、提升专业化水平、降低不必要压力,使其在参与法治乡村建设的过程中充分发挥主体作用,为法治乡村建设贡献力量。

互联网企业搭售行为反垄断法规制的困境与建议

随着互联网技术的不断发展和普及,我国一些互联网企业在开展业务的过程中,企图利用自身市场支配地位,通过搭售行为获取更多利润,这对互联网市场产生了诸多负面影响。针对互联网企业搭售行为进行反垄断规制能够营造公平、有序的互联网市场竞争环境,保障消费者合法权益,推动互联网技术的创新,实现互联网经济的可持续发展。但以传统反垄断监管模式认定当前互联网企业的搭售行为,面临被搭售产品的独立性难判断、互联网企业滥用市场支配地位难认定、互联网企业搭售行为竞争效果难评估、反垄断法责任机制难落实等困境。因此,针对互联网企业的特殊性,不仅要明确搭售产品独立性判断标准、优化互联网企业市场支配地位认定方法及评估搭售行为竞争效果,而且要持续优化和完善相关法律责任体系。

CONVERGENCERATESIN THESTRONG LAWSOFASYMPTOTICALLY NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATEDRANDOM FIELDS

In this paper, a notion of negative side ρ \|mixing ( ρ\+- \|mixing) which can be regarded as asymptotic negative association is defined, and some Rosenthal type inequalities for ρ\+- \|mixing random fields are established. The complete convergence and almost sure summability on the convergence rates with respect to the strong law of large numbers are also discussed for ρ\+-\| mixing random fields. The results obtained extend those for negatively associated sequences and ρ\+*\| mixing random fields.

Universal hierarchical symmetry for turbulence and general multi-scale fluctuation systems

Scaling is an important measure of multi-scale fluctuation systems. Turbulence as the most remarkable multi-scale system possesses scaling over a wide range of scales. She-Leveque （SL） hierarchical symmetry, since its publication in 1994, has received wide attention. A number of experimental, numerical and theoretical work have been devoted to its verification, extension, and modification. Application to the understanding of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, motions of cosmic baryon fluids, cosmological supersonic turbulence, natural image, spiral turbulent patterns, DNA anomalous composition, human heart variability are just a few among the most successful examples. A number of modified scaling laws have been derived in the framework of the hierarchical symmetry, and the SL model parameters are found to reveal both the organizational order of the whole system and the properties of the most significant fluctuation structures. A partial set of work related to these studies are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of the hierarchical symmetry. It is suggested that the SL hierarchical symmetry is a new form of the self-organization principle for multi-scale fluctuation systems, and can be employed as a standard analysis tool in the general multi-scale methodology. It is further suggested that the SL hierarchical symmetry implies the existence of a turbulence ensemble. It is speculated that the search for defining the turbulence ensemble might open a new way for deriving statistical closure equations for turbulence and other multi-scale fluctuation systems.

On Strong Law of Large Numbers for Random Sequence

This note is devoted to introduce a new concept of conditionally dominated random variables.Under suitable restrict conditions,a general strong law of large numbers for arbitrary continuous random variables is obtained.