Dyads方法综合曲柄滑块机构

本文在用Dyads的方法综合平面铰链四连杆机构的基础上,提出了综合曲柄滑块机构的矢量方程.用这一方程可解决综合曲柄滑块机构实现刚体导向的问题.

Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Donor-acceptor Dyad and Donor-bridge-acceptor Triad

地面和激动的州的性质[ 60 ] fullerene ， diphenylbenzothiadiazole-triphenylamine ( PBTDP-TPA )二和 fullerene-diphenylbenzothiadiazole-triphenylamine ( fullerene-PBTDP-TPA )三个一组用有功能的 B3LYP 和 3-21G 基础的功能的理论设置了的密度和有功能的 B3LYP 和 STO-3G 基础的功能的理论象 2D 和 3D 一样设置了的时间依赖者密度理论上被调查真实空间分析方法。2D 地点表示在刺激上揭示电子洞连贯。3D 转变密度显示出费用差别密度给 intramolecular 费用转移的取向和结果的转变偶极子时刻，和 3D 的取向和力量。另外， photoinduced 在 PBTDP-TPA-fullerene 三个一组的分子间的费用转移(ICT ) 与 2D 和 3D 代表被识别，它在刺激上在 donor-bridge-acceptor 三个一组揭示 ICT 的机制。除那以外，我们也发现到领受人(通过桥的通道) 的从施主的直接超交换 ICT 强烈在 donor-bridge-acceptor 三个一组支持 ICT。

Longitudinal investigation of mineral composition in human milk and its correlation with infant anthropometric outcomes among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during the first 6 months postpartum

Nutrients in human milk,including minerals,relate growth and development of breast-fed infants.Tibetan mother-infant dyads possess unique characteristics on early nutrition due to their featured long-lasting lifestyle.This study longitudinally investigated the relationship between the mineral composition in human milk and the Z-scores of infants among Tibetan mother-infant dyads during their first 6 months postpartum through a prospective cohort study.The results show that the minerals of Na,Mg,K,Ca,Cu,Zn,and Se were of higher levels in colostrum than other lactation stages.Several minerals were below the recommended values for infants according to Chinese dietary guidelines.Besides,a large proportion of infant Z-scores were below-2 as lactation period continued.Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that classifications and correlations in varying degrees were observed between minerals in human milk and infant Z-scores.These findings will be advantageous for research upon Chinese early nutrition and progress of tailor-made infant formula.

Dyad and Triad Census Analysis of Crisis Communication Network

Dyad and triad census summarize much of the network level structural information of a given directed network. They have been found very useful in analyzing structural properties of social networks. This study aims to explore crisis communication network by following dyad and triad census analysis approach to investigate the association of microlevel communication patterns with organizational crisis. This study further tests hypothesis related to the process of data generation and tendency of the structural pattern of transitivity using dyad and triad census output. The changing communication network at Enron Corporation during the period of its crisis is analyzed in this study. Significant differences in the presence of different isomorphism classes or microlevel patterns of both dyad and triad census are noticed in crisis and non-crisis period network of Enron email corpus. It is also noticed that crisis communication network shows more transitivity compared to the non-crisis communication network.

Donor-acceptor conjugated copolymer with high thermoelectric performance:A case study of the oxidation process within chemical doping

The doping process and thermoelectric properties of donor-acceptor(D-A)type copolymers are investigated with the representative poly([2,6-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b]dithiophene]3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl))(PTB7-Th).The PTB7-Th is doped by Fe Cl;and only polarons are induced in its doped films.The results reveal that the electron-rich donor units within PTB7-Th lose electrons preferentially at the initial stage of the oxidation and then the acceptor units begin to be oxidized at a high doping concentration.The energy levels of polarons and the Fermi level of the doped PTB7-Th remain almost unchange with different doping levels.However,the morphology of the PTB7-Th films could be deteriorated as the doping levels are improved,which is one of the main reasons for the decrease of electrical conductivity at the later stage of doping.The best electrical conductivity and power factor are obtained to be 42.3 S·cm^(-1);and 33.9μW·mK^(-1),respectively,in the doped PTB7-Th film at room temperature.The power factor is further improved to 38.3μW·mK^(-1);at 75℃.This work may provide meaningful experience for development of D-A type thermoelectric copolymers and may further improve the doping efficiency.

Lithium Salt of NH_2-substituted Graphene Nanoribbon with Twofold Donor-acceptor Framework: Large Nonlinear Optical Property

Based on graphene, a new class of second-order nonlinear optical（NLO） material, the lithium salt of NH2-substituted graphene nanoribbon with the twofold donor（D）/acceptor（A） mode, was reported. Eight stable 2Li-2NH2-GNR lithium salts, especially cis lithium salts, display considerably large β0 values. The combination of NH2-substituting and cis Li-doping makes β0 greatly increased from 0（GNR） to 1.2×105―2.9×105 a.u.（cis-2Li- 2NH2-GNRs）. Our largest β0 value（2.9×105 a.u.） for cis-2Li-1,3-2NH2-AGNR is comparable to the record value of 1.7×105 a.u. for a long donor-acceptor polyene.

Self-assembled donor-acceptor hole contacts for inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency approaching 22%: The impact of anchoring groups

Self-assembled molecules(SAMs) have shown great potential in replacing bulk charge selective contact layers in high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs) due to their low material consumption and simple processing. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of donor-acceptor(D-A) type SAMs(MPA-BTCA, MPA-BT-BA, and MPA-BT-RA, where MPA is 4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylaniline;BT is benzo[c][1,2,5]-thiadiazole;CA is 2-cyanoacrylic acid, BA is benzoic acid, RA is rhodanine-3-propionic acid) with distinct anchoring groups, which show dramatically different properties. MPA-BTCA with CA anchoring groups exhibited stronger dipole moments and formed a homogeneous monolayer on the indium tin oxide(ITO) surface by adopting an upstanding self-assembling mode. However, the MPA-BT-RA molecules tend to aggregate severely in solid state due to the sp~3 hybridization of the carbon atom on the RA group, which is not favorable for achieving a long-range ordered self-assembled layer.Consequently, benefiting from high dipole moment, as well as dense and uniform self-assembled film,the device based on MPA-BT-CA yielded a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.81%.Encouragingly, an impressive PCE approaching 20% can still be obtained for the MPA-BT-CA-based PSCs as the device area is increased to 0.80 cm^(2). Our work sheds light on the design principles for developing hole selecting SAMs, which will pave a way for realizing highly efficient, flexible, and large-area PSCs.

Design and Synthesis of Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Type Non-Fullerene Acceptors Using Oxindole-Based Bridge for Polymer Solar Cells Applications

Two acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)type non-fullerene acceptors(namely WH1 and WH7)containing the oxindole-based bridge are designed and synthesized for polymer solar cells(PSCs)applications.The bridge unit is introduced through a precursor(6-bromo-1-octylindoline-2,3-dione)that contains both bromine and carbonyl and provides the feasibility of the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and the Knoevenagel condensation,respectively.This facile synthetic approach exhibits the potential to gain high performance non-fullerene acceptors through extendingπ-conjugated backbone with strong light-absorbing building blocks.The synthesis and properties of WH1 and WH7 are demonstrated with different endcap units,then PSCs are fabricated using PBDB-T:WH1 and PBDB-T:WH7 as the active layers,and attain an average power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 2.58%and 6.24%,respectively.Further device physics studies afford the deep insight of structure variation influence on the device performance.This work provides a facile non-fullerene acceptor design strategy and shows how structure variations impact the PSC performance.

Synthesis of a Novel Copper Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

A new copper phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad (CuPc-C-60) was synthesized by Diels-Alder adduct of corresponding CuPc and C-60. The chemical structure of this compound was characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, UV-VIS and NMR.

Numerical Performance Assessment of a Flapping-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Chebyshev-Dyad Linkage

In order to harness wind energy with high coefficients, horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), like propeller-type wind turbines, have an advantage in terms of practical utilization because of their scale merit. However, large size and high tip-speed ratio are inherently related to material strength problems and low frequency noise emissions to the environment. In contrast to HAWT, we will discuss a flapping-type turbine driven at low speed. The flapping turbine works using lift force like the HAWT, but employs a new wind turbine concept in the present report. The concept involves the unique flapping motion of a wind blade mounted on a Chebyshev-dyad linkage by which the wing transforms wind energy into mechanical rotation. Both static and dynamic numerical estimates are developed to optimize all fundamental parameters of this linkage in order to obtain the desired torque. In this paper, the results of primitive optimization for determining the fundamental characteristics of motion and the trajectory of the wind turbine blade are demonstrated in order to obtain smooth rotation of the generator-driving shaft. It is also shown that the present turbine can be driven at low speed with a suitable energy conversion rate. Moreover, the practicality of operating slow flapping-type wind turbines is demonstrated, focusing on usage near residential areas or, e.g., on rooftops owing to lower noise. The feasibility of “figure eight” trajectory diversity is discussed along with geometrical parameters. Assuming one-blade motion with a variable trajectory for optimization, the smooth motion and required torque at slow rotation speeds are studied.

Narrow bandgap molecular dyads incorporating Y-series acceptor backbones for efficient single-molecular organic solar cells

The performance of organic solar cells(OSCs)is mainly related to the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)microstructure of specific active layer systems,which is often in a metastable state.A promising strategy to address the abovementioned shortcomings of BHJs is to develop single-component active layer materials.Owing to the single-component small molecule materials with defined chemical structures generally exhibit poor absorption spectra,herein we first introduced narrow bandgap Y-series acceptors into the molecular skeleton of single-component materials,and designed two molecular dyads,SM-Et-1Y and SM-Et-2Y.The optical bandgaps(E_g~(opt)s)of the two dyads are 1.364 and 1.361 eV,respectively,which are much smaller than those of previously reported single-component molecules.Consequently,the SM-Et-2Y-based single-component OSCs(SCOSCs)showed a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.07%,superior to SM-Et-1Y(2.53%),which is one of the highest PCEs reported for SCOSCs to date.Moreover,both SM-Et-1Y-and SM-Et-2Y-based devices exhibited excellent photo-stability,retaining over 90%of their initial performance after 250 h of continuous illumination.Our results provide a deeper understanding of the molecular backbone and a guiding principle for the rational design or selection of non-fullerene single-component materials with suitable donor/acceptor ratios.

二元疾病管理理论在慢性病护理二元组中的应用进展

介绍二元疾病管理理论的起源与核心要素,简述影响二元疾病管理的风险性因素和保护性因素,并从减少非一致性评价、促进疾病管理行为、优化身心健康状况三方面描述了该理论在慢性病护理二元组中的应用,同时分析了该理论在护理二元组中的应用挑战,旨在为我国开展该领域的相关研究提供参考。

A novel strategy of constructing 2D supramolecular organic framework sensor for the identification of toxic metal ions

Two novel two-dimensional(2D)supramolecular organic frameworks were fabricated in water based on the encapsulation-enhanced donor-acceptor interaction between the methyl viologen(MV)units,methoxy naphthyl(MN)units,and CB[8].The tetraphenylethylene(TPE)derivatives 1 with four MV units were employed as rigid building blocks and the two MN units modified oligoethylene glycol derivatives 2 and 3 served as flexible edges,respectively.The obtained two SOFs have obvious sheet-like structures and exhibit fluorescence emission at 350-500 nm.In addition,these two SOFs were employed for the luminescent detection of Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)in aqueous solutions,and the detection limits of CrO_(4)^(2-),Cr_(2)_(O)_(7)^(2-),and MnO_(4)
were calculated in a very low concentration range,indicating that these two SOFs can serve as a potential sensor for Cr(Ⅵ)and Mn(Ⅶ)detection in water.This work constructs two SOFs in an aqueous solution through a facile method and further enriches the applications of SOFs.

Fused-ring induced end-on orientation in conjugated molecular dyads toward efficient single-component organic solar cells

The molecular orientations of conjugated materials on the substrate mainly include edge-on,face-on,and end-on.Edge-on and face-on orientations have been widely observed,while end-on orientation has been rarely reported.Since in organic solar cells(OSCs)charge transport is along the vertical direction,end-on orientation with conjugated backbones perpendicular to the substrate is recognized as the ideal microstructure for OSCs.In this work,we for the first time obtained the preferential end-on orientation in a conjugated molecular dyad that contains a conjugated backbone as donor and perylene bisimide side units as acceptor.This was realized by introducing a fused-ring structure to replace linear terthiophenes with conjugated backbones,yielding F-MDPBI and L-MDPBI respectively.Surprisingly,a shifting trend of the molecular orientation from dominating edge-on in L-MDPBI to preferential end-on in F-MDPBI was observed.As a consequence,vertical charge carrier mobilities in F-MDPBI are one order of magnitude higher than those with preferential edge-on orientation,so single-component OSCs based on this molecular dyad as a single photoactive layer provided a power conversion efficiency of 4.89% compared to 1.70% based on L-MDPBI with preferential edge-on orientation.

慢性心力衰竭患者及照顾者二元自我管理研究进展

慢性心力衰竭是威胁全球人类健康的主要疾病之一,近年其患病率持续上升。自我管理是患者控制心力衰竭进展及维持健康的重要方法,照顾者在慢性心力衰竭患者自我管理中亦发挥着重要作用。文章从心衰患者-照顾者二元自我管理的影响因素、评价工具、干预措施三方面进行综述,旨在为我国从二元视角开展心力衰竭自我管理研究提供参考。

Primitive functional groups directed distinct photocatalytic performance of imine-linked donor-acceptor covalent organic frameworks

The combination of donor-acceptor(D-A)structures presents a viable strategy for fabricating covalent organic frameworks(COFs)with exceptional photocatalytic performances.Nevertheless,the selection of functional groups on donor or acceptor building blocks and their effect on the macroscopic properties of COFs are ambiguous.In this study,we tactfully synthesized a pair of Py-DBT-COFs from the same pyrene(Py)donor and 4,7-diphenylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole(DBT)acceptor cores with distinct primitive functional groups.The primitive functional groups of building units determine the photocatalytic properties of corresponding Py-DBT-COFs.Specifically,Py-C-DBT-COF synthesized from Py-4CHO and DBT-2NH_(2)showcases a splendid H_(2)evolution rate as high as 21,377.7μmol/(g·h)(with 5 wt.%Pt)originating from better charge transfer capacity,which is significantly superior to that of Py-N-DBT-COF constructed from Py-4NH_(2)and DBT-2CHO.The distinct photocatalytic performances of the two COFs are demonstrated to originate from the different charge separation and transfer capabilities.This work supplies a new avenue for optimizing the photocatalytic performance of D-A COFs from the perspective of primitive functional group selections.

Reversible isomerization of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct derivatives in water through dendritic confinement

Modulating reversible isomerization of hydrophobic dyes in aqueous solutions is greatly desired. Here we report on reversible isomerization of solvatochromic donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts(DASAs) in water through the confinement from dendritic oligoethylene glycols(OEGs). Dendronization of DASAs with dendritic OEGs affords them characteristic thermoresponsiveness. These dendronized DASAs spontaneously isomerize in water from hydrophobic linear state into hydrophilic cyclic state at room temperature due to the strong hydration. However, hydrophobic microenvironment through thermally dehydration and collapse of the dendritic OEGs at elevated temperatures confines hydration of the DASA moieties and mediates their interactions with the collapsed hydrophobic OEG domains, affording their isomerization recovery in water efficiently from the hydrophilic cyclic state into the hydrophobic linear state. The confinement-mediated reversible isomerization of DASA moieties in water can be repeated through alternative photo-irradiation and thermal dehydrations, exhibiting excellent fatigue resistance.

Enhancing the Efficiency and Durability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework with Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole Unit

Donor-Acceptor(D-A)alignment is considered a productive strategy to improve the charge separation efficiency of covalent organic frameworks(COFs)and enhance the charge-transfer yield(CTY)of COFs.Moreover,organic molecules containing heteroatoms can produce coordination interaction with PbI2 of perovskite precursor to affect the crystallization process,thereby impeding the decomposition and improving the stability of perovskite materials.Herein,a thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole(TZ)-based D-A type COFTPDA-TZDA was designed and synthesized from N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine(TPDA)and 4,4′-(thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-2,5-diyl)dibenzaldehyde(TZDA).Upon incorporation into the FAPbI3 layer,COFTPDA-TZDA not only restrained the perovskite defects and enhanced the grain size of perovskite films through the coordination effect of the N atoms of TZDA but also ameliorated the charge transport within the perovskite film,which was the benefit of the D-A structure of COFTPDA-TZDA.As a result,incorporation of COFTPDA-TZDA into the perovskite solar cells(PSCs)led to a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 23.51%.Furthermore,even after being stored in high relative humidity(RH≈60%)for 480 h,these PSCs maintained over 90.55%of their original PCE.This work sets the foundation for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs by utilizing TZ-based D-A type COFs.

探讨乳腺癌术后患者-伴侣二元疾病不确定感护理干预对患者复发恐惧的作用

目的探讨乳腺癌术后患者-伴侣二元不确定感护理干预对患者疾病复发恐惧的作用。方法选择2022年8月至9月在宿迁市第一人民医院诊治的乳腺癌患者120例为研究对象,采用区组随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理随访干预,研究组在对照组的基础上进行二元不确定感干预。采用不确定感调查量表和疾病进展恐惧简明量表分别于干预前和干预1个月后测量患者的不确定感和疾病复发恐惧水平。结果乳腺癌术后患者干预前癌症复发恐惧(FCR)量表总分及各维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组FCR量表总分及各维度评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前两组乳腺癌术后患者的不确定感各维度评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者-伴侣二元不确定感干预可以有效降低乳腺癌术后患者的不确定感状况和疾病复发恐惧水平。

教师工作坊网络研修的“重要他人”研究——人类发展生态学的视角

随着信息技术的迅猛发展以及"国培计划"等政府项目的实践推动,教师工作坊网络研修成为当前我国中小学教师远程培训的一种创新模式。该文从人类发展生态学角度出发,将"重要他人"概念引入教师工作坊网络研修,并对其角色来源进行了分析,认为坊主、学伴、管理者等是学员"重要他人"的主要可能来源,他们对学员积极参与培训、保持研修动力、增强归属感,以及扩大研修影响力等有重要作用;在此基础上分析了学员与"重要他人"的人际关系类型和特征,阐述了教师工作坊网络研修中的三类关系(观察的双向关系、联动的双向关系和重要的双向关系)及其转化;最后,鉴于"重要他人"对学员参与教师工作坊研修和推进教师专业发展的重要意义,对培训机构提出了一些相应建议。