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Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Enru1, LU Xiang-xing2 (1.Department of Geography University of Washington Smith Hall, Box 353550 Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2. Department of Geography Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506, USA) 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2000年第4期7-19,共13页
The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component an... The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns. 展开更多
关键词 regional development pattern differentiated growth economic reform open door policy
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Xinjiang Opens Its Door to the World——An interview with Wang Lequan,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 被引量:1
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作者 Jiang Min 《China's Foreign Trade》 1995年第1期11-11,共1页
Xinjiang is a good place, with pastureland to the north and south of the Tianshan MountainThe Gobi Desert has been changed into fertile fields, irrigated by melting snows.
关键词 An interview with Wang Lequan Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region WANG Xinjiang opens Its door to the World
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China Opens its door for Satellite Communications Industry
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作者 Xing Xuejun 《China's Foreign Trade》 2002年第11期6-9,共4页
关键词 CO In China opens its door for Satellite Communications Industry THAN US
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Shanghai Opens Its Door to Businessmen Worldwide
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作者 Jiang Yiren Vice Mayor of Shanghai 《China's Foreign Trade》 1997年第4期7-7,共1页
Shanghai is the largest economic hub in China and the most important seaport for foreign trade. Since the start of the 1990s when it began carrying out its development strategy of "opening and developing the Pudo... Shanghai is the largest economic hub in China and the most important seaport for foreign trade. Since the start of the 1990s when it began carrying out its development strategy of "opening and developing the Pudong Area" and "building up an international economic, financial and trading centre" and exploring with every possible means a development course to the construction of an huge international metropolitan, the 展开更多
关键词 Shanghai opens Its door to Businessmen Worldwide
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Doors Opening Further
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《ChinAfrica》 2018年第2期36-37,共2页
China's economic reform in 2018 focuses on quality over quantity
关键词 FTZ doors opening Further
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Doors Are Open
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作者 Gitonga Njeru 《ChinAfrica》 2015年第4期38-38,共1页
growth in Africa, Ghana has been witnessing a surge in foreign direct investments. According to World Bank statistics, its economy grew by an average of 6 percent annually since 2005 before heading for an assessed 4.S... growth in Africa, Ghana has been witnessing a surge in foreign direct investments. According to World Bank statistics, its economy grew by an average of 6 percent annually since 2005 before heading for an assessed 4.S-percent growth this year. Foreign investments totaled over $12 billion from 1999 to 2009. 展开更多
关键词 UNCTAD doors Are open
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Auto Opening Door and Car Identification
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作者 Sanner H. Mahmood Oulla G. Hassan +1 位作者 Ayad M. Kwad Safa F. Abass 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2016年第15期132-141,共10页
Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car t... Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car that has the unique ID. This process is controlled by using Arduino Leonard programmed with IDE free open source software, that receives the signal code from the car which sends the ID through IR LED or Bluetooth by using a mobile application, decode it. And switch ON the driver that controls the DC motor. This system was designed considering some factors such as low cost and low power requirements, availability of components and low distance so there is no interference. The hardware design and software development are described, and all of the tests indicate that all component goes according to the initial design of this research. 展开更多
关键词 Automatic Auto opening CAR door IDENTIFICATION SECURITY
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Shanghai Insurance Market Opens Wide Its Door
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作者 Pan Qing 《China's Foreign Trade》 2000年第3期16-17,共2页
Shanghai, the first city to open its insurance market, now has 10 foreign-funded insurance companies in operation whose premium income accounts for l/10 of the total premium income in the city. The Chinafunded and for... Shanghai, the first city to open its insurance market, now has 10 foreign-funded insurance companies in operation whose premium income accounts for l/10 of the total premium income in the city. The Chinafunded and foreign-funded insurance companies are competing fiercely and both have achieved development through the competition. 展开更多
关键词 WIDE In Shanghai Insurance Market opens Wide Its door WTO
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Texworld Opens Its Doors in This Month
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《China Textile》 2010年第9期14-15,共2页
From September 13th-16th,2010,the Texworld show will be held at the Paris le Bourget exhibition centre.This show,735 weavers-which attests to the stability in the numbers of exhibitors
关键词 Texworld opens Its doors in This Month SHOW
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Opening Doors
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作者 Xia Yuanyuan Yang Chen 《ChinAfrica》 2017年第6期30-31,共2页
FOR 26-year-old Nigerian student Olufemi Lawal. China is home. He has set his heart on seeking employment in the country after completing his studies, but past regulations meant the inconvenience of leaving the countr... FOR 26-year-old Nigerian student Olufemi Lawal. China is home. He has set his heart on seeking employment in the country after completing his studies, but past regulations meant the inconvenience of leaving the country for a lengthy period before being able to return to job hunt. 展开更多
关键词 opening doors
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Opening Doors
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作者 Herbert Moyo 《ChinAfrica》 2015年第7期19-19,共1页
Blesse D ncube knew there would be lucrative opportunities in learning Chinese.Therefore,the Zimbabwean chose to major in Chinese while doing her Bachelor of Arts and when she graduated in 2010,the 28-year-old found a... Blesse D ncube knew there would be lucrative opportunities in learning Chinese.Therefore,the Zimbabwean chose to major in Chinese while doing her Bachelor of Arts and when she graduated in 2010,the 28-year-old found a wealth of steady work in translation coming her way. 展开更多
关键词 translating doing companies chose documents wealth opening doors tourism translate popularity
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When the Door Is Wide Open
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《China Today》 1994年第7期7-7,共1页
In the present issue we bring a series of reports from Guangdong Province with detailed answers to this question.Guangdong was the first territory in China to open to the outside world.Fifteen years after the implemen... In the present issue we bring a series of reports from Guangdong Province with detailed answers to this question.Guangdong was the first territory in China to open to the outside world.Fifteen years after the implementation of the policy,this coastal province has become the country's most economically developed region,and two remarkable new cities一Shenzhen and Zhuhai一have risen on the site of what used to be backward lttle fishing villages. 展开更多
关键词 When the door Is Wide open
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Time to Open the BRIC Door
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《ChinAfrica》 2011年第2期2-2,共1页
MUCH has been said about South Africa joining the BRIC.Detractors say that the country is punching way above its weight. One of the biggest critics of the inclusion has been Jim O’Neill,Chairperson of Goldman Sachs A... MUCH has been said about South Africa joining the BRIC.Detractors say that the country is punching way above its weight. One of the biggest critics of the inclusion has been Jim O’Neill,Chairperson of Goldman Sachs Asset Management,who originally coined the term BRIC in 2001. O’Neill is on record as saying that he believes South Africa was invited for political reasons and not economical ones.He says South Africa’s working population is too small,and therefore had plumped for Nigeria to be a better choice to join the BRIC.South Africa’s total population is 50 million with Nigeria triple that at 150 million. 展开更多
关键词 Time to open the BRIC door
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隧道纵向风及列车侧门开启方式对车厢内火灾温度场影响研究
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作者 徐志胜 程昕菲 +3 位作者 陈俊伟 赵家明 刘邱林 谢宝超 《铁道科学与工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第9期3672-3683,共12页
为了探究隧道纵向通风、列车侧门开启方式对车厢内部火灾烟气温度分布的影响规律,建立1∶15缩尺寸“车-隧”耦合试验模型,以及着火车厢侧门双侧开启时“车-隧”耦合区间车厢内部考虑无量纲纵向风速、无量纲侧门开口因子、无量纲火源热... 为了探究隧道纵向通风、列车侧门开启方式对车厢内部火灾烟气温度分布的影响规律,建立1∶15缩尺寸“车-隧”耦合试验模型,以及着火车厢侧门双侧开启时“车-隧”耦合区间车厢内部考虑无量纲纵向风速、无量纲侧门开口因子、无量纲火源热释放速率的无量纲烟气回流长度分段函数关系式。定性分析车厢顶部烟气温度分布规律,定量分析车厢内烟气回流长度数据,从而揭示烟气回流长度随纵向风速、侧门开启方式和火源热释放速率变化的规律。研究结果表明:不同纵向风速下,火源上游烟气温度分布在贯通门位置处发生明显降低。不同侧门开启方式下,着火车厢侧门双侧开启工况的火源上游温度衰减速率大于侧门单侧开启的工况;随着车厢每侧侧门开启数量增加,着火车厢侧门单侧开启工况与双侧开启工况的火源上游温度衰减速率差距随之增大。着火车厢、非着火车厢侧门均单侧开启时,烟气回流长度变化规律受贯通门停滞影响较大,当火源热释放速率增大至5.7 kW,纵向风速大于0.8 m/s后,烟气回流长度不再随纵向风速的增大而变化。着火车厢侧门双侧开启、非着火车厢侧门单侧开启时,烟气回流长度符合加速衰减区、停滞区、缓慢衰减区变化规律。研究结果可为提升列车火灾烟气防治效果,加强区间隧道烟气控制及运营安全提供经验和理论参考。 展开更多
关键词 “车-隧”耦合区间 车厢火灾 侧门开启方式 纵向通风 温度分布 烟气回流长度
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颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后即刻保持常压引流与负压引流效果的比较
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作者 高阳 王勇 +2 位作者 刘阳 杨枭雄 吴坤 《中国微创外科杂志》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期553-557,共5页
目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形(expansive open-door laminoplasty,EOL)术后即刻保持常压引流的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2023年1~6月我院94例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈后路EOL,按入院时间顺序分为常压引流组(n=43)和负压引流组(n=51)... 目的探讨颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形(expansive open-door laminoplasty,EOL)术后即刻保持常压引流的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2023年1~6月我院94例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈后路EOL,按入院时间顺序分为常压引流组(n=43)和负压引流组(n=51),常压组病例时间为2023年1~3月,负压组为2023年4~6月。比较2组术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、术后总引流量、术后引流管留置时间、术后发热、切口感染、颈部切口血肿、手术前后日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedics Association,JOA)评分改善率、住院时间、住院费用、术后血红蛋白下降值等。结果常压引流组术后24 h引流量中位数45(15~150)ml,显著少于负压引流组中位数170(70~400)ml(Z=-7.934,P=0.000);常压引流组术后总引流量中位数45(15~285)ml,显著少于负压引流组中位数315(165~730)ml(Z=-7.924,P=0.000);常压引流组术后引流管留置时间(27.1±13.9)h,明显短于负压引流组(82.2±20.6)h(t=-14.933,P=0.000);常压引流组住院时间(3.5±1.1)d,明显短于负压引流组(5.6±0.8)d(t=-10.322,P=0.000);常压引流组术后血红蛋白下降(13.9±3.1)g/L,显著低于负压引流组(16.5±7.2)g/L(t=-2.165,P=0.033);常压引流组住院费用(3.00±0.30)万元,显著少于负压引流组(3.48±0.29)万元(t=-7.924,P=0.000)。2组术中出血量、术后发热、切口感染发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2组均无深部切口感染或血肿发生。2组术后3个月JOA评分改善率无显著性差异(t=0.861,P=0.391)。结论颈后路EOL术后常压引流可以减少术后引流量,缩短引流管留置时间和住院时间,降低患者住院费用,且并不增加术后血肿、发热及切口感染等并发症,临床效果显著。 展开更多
关键词 颈后路手术 单开门椎管扩大成形术 常压引流 负压引流 血肿
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精神卫生机构开放式心理病区人文关怀护理研究进展
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作者 胡传芬 彭燕 +2 位作者 孟春燕 孙菲菲 丁永华 《全科护理》 2024年第6期1056-1058,共3页
对精神卫生机构实施人文关怀的意义、护理措施、培训现状进行综述,并分析既往研究的贡献、优点与不足,以期实践和发展开放式心理病区人文关怀护理,为病人身心整合和康复提供思路。
关键词 精神卫生机构 开放式管理 心理 人文关怀 综述
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术前C7/T1椎间孔面积对后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响
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作者 张黎龙 邵睿 +1 位作者 耿彦南 徐天同 《中国脊柱脊髓杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期458-462,共5页
目的:探究术前C7/T1椎间孔面积对脊髓型颈椎病患者接受后路单开门椎管扩大成形术疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年9月~2022年9月在我院因脊髓型颈椎病行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的76例患者,其中男58例、女18例,年龄为64.4±... 目的:探究术前C7/T1椎间孔面积对脊髓型颈椎病患者接受后路单开门椎管扩大成形术疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年9月~2022年9月在我院因脊髓型颈椎病行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的76例患者,其中男58例、女18例,年龄为64.4±8.5岁。于患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上测量C7/T1椎间孔面积,根据C7/T1椎间孔面积分为两组:A组,C7/T1椎间孔面积≤平均值(40例),B组,C7/T1椎间孔面积大于平均值(36例)。收集并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,两组患者的术前、术后3个月、术后12个月的JOA评分,计算JOA改善率;记录两组患者术后12个月的轴性症状发生情况,采用T检验、方差分析及卡方检验分析术前不同C7/T1椎间孔面积的患者接受颈后路单开门手术治疗后是否存在疗效的差异性。结果:C7/T1椎间孔面积A组为35.2±9.7mm^(2),B组为65.7±13.1mm^(2);术前C2~C7 Cobb角A组为14.0°±3.6°,B组为16.0°±5.5°,两组间椎间孔面积和C2~C7 Cobb角有统计学差异(P<0.05)。手术时间A组127.5±23.6min,B组120.3±32.6min;出血量A组176.8±88.2mL,B组183.6±100.2mL,两组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术前JOA评分A组10.9±2.0分,B组10.3±2.1分,两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后3个月JOA评分A组12.8±1.5分,B组14.0±2.2分;术后12个月JOA评分A组14.1±1.5分,B组15.9±1.7分,两组间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。术后3个月、12个月JOA评分改善率两组间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。A、B两组术后12个月的轴性症状发生率分别为42.5%和19.4%,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:术前C7/T1椎间孔面积较大的患者后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后神经功能的恢复更好,JOA改善率更高,术后轴性症状的发生率更低。 展开更多
关键词 脊髓型颈椎病 C7/T1椎间孔面积 后路单开门椎管扩大成形术 轴性症状
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定向送风对隔离病房开门时段空气泄漏的抑制效果研究
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作者 李鹏 《制冷与空调(四川)》 2024年第3期416-425,共10页
患有高传染性疾病的患者一般被安置在医院的负压隔离病房中来限制这些疾病在医院内部的传播。然而隔离病人员进出时房门开启可能会导致大量携带有病菌的空气通过房门传递到隔离病房外部走廊,从而引起走廊中的人员被感染。为了减少和预... 患有高传染性疾病的患者一般被安置在医院的负压隔离病房中来限制这些疾病在医院内部的传播。然而隔离病人员进出时房门开启可能会导致大量携带有病菌的空气通过房门传递到隔离病房外部走廊,从而引起走廊中的人员被感染。为了减少和预防门开启带来的室内空气泄露问题,有必要使得门开启时室内外交换的气流最小化。为了解决这个问题,我们在隔离病房门口安装有定向气流送风口,通过将定向气流引向隔离病房门口,以减少由门的开启过程,人员移动通过过程和室内外温差引起的室内外空气气流交换量。使用烟雾对流场可视化后发现在门开启或者关闭的过程中使用朝向隔离病房的定向气流能够明显减小室内外的空气交换量。示踪气体测试结果显示,定向气流90L/s时室内外等温条件下可将隔离病房内的空气泄漏量减少38%,而室内外温差3℃时,使用定向气流可减小泄漏量31%。若将定向气流风量调节到190L/s时,等温条件下可减小室内外60%的空气交换量。在室内外存在3℃的温差时,空气交换量可减少39%。尽管测试的定向气流并未能够完全防止空气泄漏,但是它们是可以有效的减少由门的开启,人员通过和室内外温差引起的室内外空气交换量。 展开更多
关键词 隔离病房 门开启 室内外空气交换 定向气流
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传感器位置对大型冷库库内温度及风机运行规律的影响
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作者 王雅博 石聪 +4 位作者 刘兴华 杨婕 冯柯霏 邓佳怡 黄嘉欣 《冷藏技术》 2024年第2期72-79,共8页
目前,冷库多通过库内布置传感器所采集的温度信号控制冷风机启停,进而维持适宜贮存温度。为探索不同位置传感器对大型冷库库内温度及风机运行时长的影响,本文以一实际使用的大型冷库为为原型构建计算模型,模拟研究了不同传感器位置导致... 目前,冷库多通过库内布置传感器所采集的温度信号控制冷风机启停,进而维持适宜贮存温度。为探索不同位置传感器对大型冷库库内温度及风机运行时长的影响,本文以一实际使用的大型冷库为为原型构建计算模型,模拟研究了不同传感器位置导致风机运行规律变化,进而引起冷库温度波动情况。结果表明,“冷库升温”过程中,传感器布置在侧墙中部响应效果最佳;“关门降温”过程,传感器平行侧墙布置在冷库中部时,所导致的风机能耗最小;“开门降温”过程,传感器平行布置在冷库中间可以实现风机最佳的响应时间。 展开更多
关键词 冷库 传感器布置 开门 风机 温度波动
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脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路椎板成形术后继发颈椎曲度丢失的风险因素
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作者 孟宪志 韩新勇 +1 位作者 李文龙 刘殿鹏 《颈腰痛杂志》 2024年第2期286-290,295,共6页
目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路单开门椎板成形(cervical open-door expansive laminoplasty,LAMP)手术后的颈椎曲度丢失情况,并分析其相关因素。方法回顾性分析该院骨科于2018年1月~2020年1月开展LAMP手术(开门侧均采用微型钛板固定... 目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路单开门椎板成形(cervical open-door expansive laminoplasty,LAMP)手术后的颈椎曲度丢失情况,并分析其相关因素。方法回顾性分析该院骨科于2018年1月~2020年1月开展LAMP手术(开门侧均采用微型钛板固定)的82例脊髓型颈椎病患者资料,评价患者术前、术后2年时的VAS评分、mJOA评分和改善率,并观察患者术前、术后2年时的C1-2Cobb角、C_(2-7)Cobb角、C_(2-7)屈曲和伸展ROM、C_(2-7)矢状位垂直距离(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)变化情况。对上述影像学指标之间的相关性、上述指标与VAS评分和mJOA评分改善程度的相关性,均采用Spearman相关性分析;采用多元线性回归分析,确定LAMP术后C_(2-7)Cobb角、C_(2-7)ROM减少和C_(2-7)SVA增加的风险因素。结果(1)与术前相比,所有患者LAMP术后2年的VAS评分显著降低(P<0.05)、mJOA评分显著升高(P<0.05),mJOA改善率达到(50.5±10.5)%;术后2年的C_(2-7)Cobb角和C_(2-7)ROM均显著减少,而C_(2-7)SVA显著增加(P<0.05)。(2)Spearman相关性分析显示,术后C_(2-7)Cobb角与T_(1)斜率和C_(2-7)屈曲ROM呈正相关性(r=0.223,r=0.386);术后C_(2-7)SVA值与C1-2Cobb角和T_(1)斜率呈正相关性(r=0.295,r=0.491),与术后C_(2-7)屈曲ROM呈负相关性(r=-0.325)。术后VAS改善程度、mJOA改善率与C_(2-7)Cobb角、C_(2-7)屈曲ROM和C_(2-7)SVA的变化值均无明显相关性(P>0.05)。(3)多元线性回归分析显示,术前T_(1)斜率越大,则术后C_(2-7)Cobb角减少越明显(β=0.331;P=0.007);术前C_(2-7)伸展ROM越大,则术后C_(2-7)Cobb角的减少越轻微(β=-0.312;P=0.022)。结论多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行LAMP手术后,可出现颈椎曲度丢失、活动度减少和颈椎重心位置前移等变化,但尚未对术后早期疗效造成明显影响。术前颈椎伸展能力越大,术后颈椎曲度丢失越少;术前T_(1)斜率越大,则术后颈椎曲度丢失越明显。 展开更多
关键词 脊髓型颈椎病 颈后路单开门椎板成形术 颈椎曲度 后凸畸形 风险因素
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