Effect of La Doping on Microstructure and Ferroelectric Prop-erties of Bi_4Ti_3O_(12) Thin Films Prepared by Sol-gel Method

The Bi4Ti3Oi2 and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films were prepared on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using the sol-gel method. The effect of La doping on the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of Bi4Ti3O12 films were investigated. Both the Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films exhibited typical bismuth layered perovskite structure. The 2Pr （remanent polarization） value of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 thin films is 18.6 μC/cm^2, which is much larger than that of Bi4Ti3O12 thin films. And the Bi3.2eLa0.75Ti3O12 films show fatigue-free behavior, while the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films exhibit the fatigue problem. The mechanism of improvement of La doping was discussed.

La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods toward boosted electrocatalytic N_(2)-to-NH_(3)conversion at ambient conditions

Electrochemical N_(2) reduction provides a green and sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch technology for NH_(3 )synthesis.However,the extreme inertness of N_(2) molecules is a formidable challenge,which requires the development of an active electrocatalyst to drive the N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR)for NH_(3) production at ambient conditions.Herein,we demonstrate the development of La-doped TiO_(2) nanorods as an efficient NRR electrocatalyst for ambient NH3 synthesis.The optimized La-TiO_(2) catalyst offers a large NH_(3) yield of 23.06 pg h1 mgcat 1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 14.54%at-0.70 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M L1CIO_(4),outperforming most La-and Ti-based catalysts reported before.Significantly,it also demonstrates high electrochemical stability and its activity decay is negligible after 48 h test.The mechanism is further revealed by density functional theory calculations.

Effects of co-precipitation temperature on structure and properties of La and Y doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides

Due to the oxygen storage and release properties,cerium zirconium mixed oxides are recognized as the key material in automotive three-way catalysts.To reveal the effects of co-precipitation temperature on structure,physical and chemical properties of multi-doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides,a series of La and Y doped cerium zirconium mixed oxides(CZLYs)were synthesized via a co-precipitation method,and the physical and chemical properties of CZLYs were systemically characterized by XRD,N_(2) adsorption−desorption,TEM,XPS,oxygen storage capacity(OSC)and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR).The results show that co-precipitation temperature is an important parameter to influence the crystal size,oxygen storage capacity and thermal stability of CZLYs.When the co-precipitation temperature was 60℃,the best redox properties and thermal stability of CZLYs were obtained.After thermal treatment at 1100℃for 10 h,the specific surface area and oxygen storage capacity of the corresponding aged sample were 15.42 m^(2)/g and 497.7μmol/g,respectively.In addition,a mechanism was proposed to reveal the effects of co-precipitation temperature on the structure and properties of CZLYs.

Effect of La_2O_3 nanoparticles on properties of molybdenum powder

The properties of La 2O 3 doped molybdenum powder were studied. The La 2O 3 nanoparticles on the surface of molybdenum powder which is produced by the reduction of La(NO 3) 3 doped MoO 2 in hydrogen decrease the intensity of feature energy loss peak of molybdenum substrate; but increase that of peak of Mo?3d. The surface of molybdenum powder exposed to the atmosphere can be reduced because the surface is mainly covered with La 2O 3 nanoparticles. As a result, the capability of anti oxidation of molybdenum is improved.

Enhanced saturation magnetization in La^(3+) doped NiCo ferrites prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion method

Lanthanum doped nickel-cobalt nano ferrites with chemical formula Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)LaxFe_(2-x)O_(4)(x=0.05,0,10,0.15 and 0,20) were prepared using a simple sol-gel auto combustion method.The basic structural properties were determined by X-ray diffraction method and the formation of single phased spinel ferrite was confirmed.The crystalline size decreased from 25 to 11 nm and lattice parameter a increases with increase of La doping.The surface morphology of these ferrites was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and agglomerated irregular grains are observed with increase of the rare earth element La doping.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) result confirms the presence of the required elements.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) spectrum indicates the formation of the spinel ferrite structure with M-O bonds.Optical direct band measurements from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis) spectroscopy indicate that the direct band gap decreases from 1.39 to 1.19 eV for x=0.05 to x=0.15,then increases to 1.28 eV for x=0.20.The room temperature magnetic properties of these ferrites were studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The enhanced saturation magnetization of 49.73 emu/g is observed for x=0.10 and then saturation magnetizations are gradually decreased for x=0.15 and x=0.20.Interestingly the remanent magnetization and coercivity also follow the same trend.

Structure and magnetic properties of NiCuZn ferrite materials with La doping

Ni0.3Cu0.07Zn0.63Fe2-xLaxO4 ferrites were prepared by solid phase method and sintered at 1,150 ℃ for 6 h.The phase formation,microstructure,and magnetic properties of samples were investigated.With doping of La3＋,the samples contain two phases：LaFeO3 and NiCuZn ferrites.Scanning electron microscope （SEM） image shows that La doping constrains the growth of NiCuZn ferrite,which is more uniform.La doping improves magnetic properties of NiCuZn ferrite when x ≤ 0.03.The saturation magnetization （Ms） increases first;when x =0.03,the highest value is 75.35 A.m2.kg-1.The permeability increases to the maximum value with frequency and then decreases with the concentration of La3＋ increasing.When x =0.03,the maximum value of real permeability at 1 MHz is 333.5,and the loss angle tangent （tanδ） is not more than 0.02.La doping improves the properties of NiCuZn ferrite,which can be applied to low-frequency filters.

Effects of La_2O_3 Doping on Aging Properties of Mn_(2.38)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.12)O_4 Type NTC Thermistor Materials

The effects of La_2O_3 doping on the phase structure.electric properties and aging properties of the samples were researched using XRD,SEM and electric property measurements.The results suggest that the aging value of Mn_(2.38)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.12)O_4 thermistor ceramic samples decreases from 10%to about 6%by only doping La_2O_3.The electrical stability of the sample has improved as well.Such doped material will broaden the production and application scope of Cu contained negative temperature coefficient thermal ceramics.

Sol-gel preparation of La-doped bismuth ferrite thin film and its low-temperature ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties

Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 thin film was prepared on ATO glass substrates by sol-gel technique. The effect of La doping on phase structure, film surface quality, ion valence, and ferroelectric/magnetic properties of Bio.85La0.15FeO3 film were investigated. La doping suppressed the formation of impurity phases and the transition of Fe3＋ to Fe2＋ ions at room temperature. Compared with the un-doped BiFeO3, La-doping also increased the average grain size and the film density, which resulted in the decrease of film leakage current density. The remanent polarization and saturation magnetization were enhanced significantly by La doping. The remanent polariza- tion of Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 films gradually decreased while saturation magnetization increased with the decrease of measuring tempera- ture within a range from 50 to 300 K.

Study of the structural,ferroelectric,dielectric,and pyroelectric properties of the K0.5Na0.5NbO3 system doped with Li+,La3+,and Ti4+

Pure Ko.sNao sNbO3(KNN)and KNN doped with Lit(6%mole),Lat(1.66%,5%,6%mole),and Ti+t(10%mole)were prepared by mixture of oxides using high-energy milling and conventional solid-state reaction.The effects of the dopant on the physical properties of pure KNN have been evaluated based on the structural,ferroelectric,pyroelectric,and dielectric measurements.The XRD measurements show that KNN pure sample contains a mixture of monoclinic and orthorhombic crystalline phases,with a slightly higher concentration of monoclinic phase.In contrast,all doped samples show a higher concentration of the orthorhombic phase,as well as the presence of a secondary phase(K6Nb10.8O3o),also detected by Raman measurements.The samples with a higher concentration of this secondary phase,also present greater dielectric losses and lower values of remnant polarization.The dielectric measurements allowed us to detect temperatures of structural transitions(orthorhombic-tetragonal,O-T)previous to the ferroelectric paraelectric transition(tetragonal-cubic,T-C),and also in this set of samples,a direct correlation was found between the values of remnant polarization and the corresponding pyroelectric signal response.

Electrochemical performance of La_(2–x)Sm_xMg_(16)Ni+200 wt.% Ni(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys

Nanocrystalline and amorphous La_（2–x）Sm_xMg_（16）Ni＋200wt.% Ni（x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4） alloys were prepared by mechanical milling technology. The structures of as-cast and milled alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. Electrochemical performance of the alloy was studied by using an automatic galvanostatic system. The electrochemical impedance spectra（EIS） and Tafel polarization curves were measured by electrochemical workstation. The results indicated that the structures of the as-cast and milled alloys presented a multiphase structure with nanocrystalline and amorphous phase, moreover, transforming from nanocrystalline to amorphous phase with Sm doping. With the increase of Sm content, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy was decreased from 922.6 to 649.1 m Ah/g, the high-rate discharge ability（HRD） was decreased, the cycle stability was strengthened, and the alloy exhibited excellent electrochemical kinetics. In addition, the charge-transfer resistance（R_（ct）） of alloy was lessened from 0.05874 to 0.02953 ？ and the limiting current density（I_L） was descended from 2.08366 to 1.04592 A/g with increasing Sm content.

Phase diagram and transport properties of Sb-doped Ca0.88La0.12Fe2As2 single crystals

The effects of isovalent Sb substitution on the superconducting properties of the Ca0.88La0.12Fe2（As1-ySby）2 system have been studied through electrical resistivity measure- ments. It is seen that the antiferromagnetic or structural transition is suppressed with Sb content, and a high-To superconducting phase, accompanied by a low-Tc phase, emerges at 0.02 ≤y ≤ 0.06. In this intermediate-doping regime, normal-state transport shows non-Fermi-liquid-like behaviors with nearly T-linear resistivity above the high-Tc phase. With further Sb doping, this high-Tc phase abruptly vanishes for y 〉 0.06 and the conventional Fermi liquid is restored, while the low-T,, phase remains robust against Sb inlpurities. The coincidence of the high-Tc phase and non-Fermi liquid transport behaviors in the intermediate Sb-doping regime suggests that AFM fluctuations play an important role in the observed non-Fermi liquid behaviors, which may be intimately related to the unusual nonbulk high-Tc phase in this system.

Study on the preparation and electrochemical performance of rare earth doped nano-Ni(OH)_2

Multiphase nano-Ni（OH）2 doped with Y or La was prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method. The crystal morphology, structure and particle size were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and particle size distribution （PSD）. The electrochemical performance of samples was investigated by electrochemical workstation and battery tested system. The results indicated that micro-morphology and grain size were changed with the changing of supersonic power, pH values and doping elements. The morphology of Y doped sample was from the flake-like to the needle-like with the increase of supersonic power; Particles were from quasi-spherical particles into needle-like with the increase of pH values; As the supersonic power increased, the proportion of α-Ni（OH）2 increased initially and then decreased. pH value was very important to the formation of crystalline phase. Lower pH value was beneficial to the formation of α-Ni（OH）2. However, the pH values had a slight effect on the reaction reversibility. Complex electrodes were prepared by mixing 8 wt.% nickel hydroxides with commercial micro-size spherical nickel. The discharge capacity of electrodes increased initially and then decreased with the increase of supersonic power. When the supersonic power was 60 W and the pH value was 9, the sample had the largest dis-charge capacity （358 mAh/g） at 0.5 C rate, which was 122.7 and 76 mAh/g higher than the spherical nickel electrode and La doped sample electrode, respectively.