Acupuncture therapy is widely used in the clinic,and its therapeutic effects have been proven by numerous studies.The dose–effect relationship of acupuncture is a fundamental aspect of the acupuncture research system...Acupuncture therapy is widely used in the clinic,and its therapeutic effects have been proven by numerous studies.The dose–effect relationship of acupuncture is a fundamental aspect of the acupuncture research system.Recent studies found that different acupuncture dosages altered study results directly,indicating the importance of screening the optimal stimulation dosage.However,the system for studying the acupuncture dose–effect relationship is still in its infancy,and the methodology of the system needs to be improved.This review aimed to define the factors impacting acupuncture“dosage”and“effect,”and to improve the methodological system for research on the dose–effect relationship of acupuncture.By summarizing the current findings of acupuncture dose–effect studies,we discussed the vital acupuncture parameters and methodological problems that influence the relationship between acupuncture dosage and its effects.These factors consist of specific influencing factors(acupoint selection,acupuncture manipulation parameters,de qi response)and nonspecific influencing factors(comparison selection,blinding procedure,patient expectancy).Our perspectives offer suggestions for the design of acupuncture dosage–effect trials.Further studies need to be conducted to establish the methodological system and provide systematic evidence of the acupuncture dose–effect relationship.展开更多
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants are widely used in a variety of consumer products, like textiles, foam and building materials. They are persistent in the environment, and increasing lev...Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants are widely used in a variety of consumer products, like textiles, foam and building materials. They are persistent in the environment, and increasing levels of PBDEs have been found both biota and human tissue samples. In the present study we examined the dose-dependent effects of pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-99) on the serum hormone and histology of reproductive system in male rats. 40 health 4-week-old SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. The treated rats were orally administered with BDE-99 at the dose of 60,120 or 180 mg/kg, while controls received equal volume of corn oil. We examined the changes of serum hormone levels, histopathology, and PCNA after 30 days exposure to BDE-99. With increasing doses of BDE-99, testis organ coefficient increased, serum hormone levels lower, PCNA positive expression reduced, and the degeneration of seminiferous epithelium were revealed in treated group. These indicators with significant dose-effect relationship showed that BDE-99 can reduce the serum sex hormone levels and cause severe degeneration of seminiferous epithelium.展开更多
Radix Astragali,a Chinese herbal medicine possessing important cardiovascular pharmacologic effects,is widely applied for the treatment of chronic heart failure（CHF） in clinical practice.This paper summarizes briefl...Radix Astragali,a Chinese herbal medicine possessing important cardiovascular pharmacologic effects,is widely applied for the treatment of chronic heart failure（CHF） in clinical practice.This paper summarizes briefly the researches in the last 10 years on its chemical compositions,effective ingredients for improving cardiac function,dose-effect relationship in treating CHF,and adverse reactions that occurred in clinical practice.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program(2010CB530506,2018YFC1706001,2019YFC0840709)+2 种基金Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology BureauTianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(18PTLCSY00060)the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Exploration and Innovation Project(YB202112)
文摘Acupuncture therapy is widely used in the clinic,and its therapeutic effects have been proven by numerous studies.The dose–effect relationship of acupuncture is a fundamental aspect of the acupuncture research system.Recent studies found that different acupuncture dosages altered study results directly,indicating the importance of screening the optimal stimulation dosage.However,the system for studying the acupuncture dose–effect relationship is still in its infancy,and the methodology of the system needs to be improved.This review aimed to define the factors impacting acupuncture“dosage”and“effect,”and to improve the methodological system for research on the dose–effect relationship of acupuncture.By summarizing the current findings of acupuncture dose–effect studies,we discussed the vital acupuncture parameters and methodological problems that influence the relationship between acupuncture dosage and its effects.These factors consist of specific influencing factors(acupoint selection,acupuncture manipulation parameters,de qi response)and nonspecific influencing factors(comparison selection,blinding procedure,patient expectancy).Our perspectives offer suggestions for the design of acupuncture dosage–effect trials.Further studies need to be conducted to establish the methodological system and provide systematic evidence of the acupuncture dose–effect relationship.
文摘Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used as flame retardants are widely used in a variety of consumer products, like textiles, foam and building materials. They are persistent in the environment, and increasing levels of PBDEs have been found both biota and human tissue samples. In the present study we examined the dose-dependent effects of pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-99) on the serum hormone and histology of reproductive system in male rats. 40 health 4-week-old SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. The treated rats were orally administered with BDE-99 at the dose of 60,120 or 180 mg/kg, while controls received equal volume of corn oil. We examined the changes of serum hormone levels, histopathology, and PCNA after 30 days exposure to BDE-99. With increasing doses of BDE-99, testis organ coefficient increased, serum hormone levels lower, PCNA positive expression reduced, and the degeneration of seminiferous epithelium were revealed in treated group. These indicators with significant dose-effect relationship showed that BDE-99 can reduce the serum sex hormone levels and cause severe degeneration of seminiferous epithelium.
文摘Radix Astragali,a Chinese herbal medicine possessing important cardiovascular pharmacologic effects,is widely applied for the treatment of chronic heart failure（CHF） in clinical practice.This paper summarizes briefly the researches in the last 10 years on its chemical compositions,effective ingredients for improving cardiac function,dose-effect relationship in treating CHF,and adverse reactions that occurred in clinical practice.
