Recent advances in flat sheet mixed matrix membrane modified by Mg-based layered double hydroxides(LDHs)for salt and organic compound separations

Magnesium(Mg)is a widely used and attractive metal,known for its unique physical and chemical properties,and it has been employed in the manufacture of many practical materials.Layered Double Hydroxides(LDHs),particularly Mg-based LDHs,rank among the most prevalent two-dimensional materials utilized in separation processes,which include adsorption,extraction,and membrane technology.The high popularity of Mg-based LDHs in separation applications can be attributed to their properties,such as excellent hydrophilicity,high surface area,ion exchangeability,and adjustable interlayer space.Currently,polymer membranes play a pivotal role in semi-industrial and industrial separation processes.Consequently,the development of polymer membranes and the mitigation of their limitations have emerged as compelling topics for researchers.Several methods exist to enhance the separation performance and anti-fouling properties of polymer membranes.Among these,incorporating additives into the membrane polymer matrix stands out as a cost-effective,straightforward,readily available,and efficient approach.The use of Mg-based LDHs,either in combination with other materials or as a standalone additive in the polymer membrane matrix,represents a promising strategy to bolster the separation and anti-fouling efficacy of flat sheet mixed matrix polymer membranes.This review highlights Mg-based LDHs as high-potential additives designed to refine flat sheet mixed matrix polymer membranes for applications in wastewater treatment and brackish water desalination.

Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy generation.Nevertheless,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine chemistry.Herein,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation.During the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline seawater.The prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant margin.This study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

Alternative lead-free mixed-valence double perovskites for high-efficiency photovoltaic applications

Lead-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have exhibited great potential in photovoltaics,achieving power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) exceeding 25%.However,the toxicity of lead and the instability of these materials under moist conditions pose significant barriers to large-scale production.To overcome these limitations,researchers have proposed mixed-valence double perovskites,where Cs_(2)Au~ⅠAu~ⅢI_6 is a particularly effective absorber due to its suitable band gap and high absorptance efficiency.To further extend the scope of these lead-free materials,we varied the trivalent gold ion and halogen anion in Cs_(2)Au~ⅠAu~ⅢI_6,resulting in 18 new structures with unique properties.Further,using first-principles calculations and elimination criteria,we identified four materials with ideal band gaps,small effective carrier mass,and strong anisotropic optical properties.According to theoretical modeling,Cs_(2)AuSbCl_6,Cs_(2)AuInCl_6,and Cs_(2)AuBiCl_6 are potential candidates for solar cell absorbers,with a spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency(SLME) of approximately 30% in a 0.25 μm-thick film.These three compounds have not been previously reported,and therefore,our work provides new insights into potential materials for solar energy conversion.We aim for this theoretical exploration of novel perovskites to guide future experiments and accelerate the development of high-performance photovoltaic devices.

Influence of the Inclination Angle on Mixed Convection and Heat Transfer in a“T”Shaped Double Enclosure

The effect of the tilt angle on mixed convection and related heat transfer in a“T”shaped double enclosure with four heated obstacles on the bottom surface is numerically investigated.The considered obstacles are constantly kept at a relatively high(fixed)temperature,while the cavity’s upper wall is cooled.The finite volume approach is used to solve the mass,momentum,and energy equations with the SIMPLEC algorithm being exploited to deal with the pressure-velocity coupling.Emphasis is put on the influence of the tilt angle on the solution symmetry,flow structure,and heat exchange through the walls.The following parameters and related ranges are considered:Rayleigh number 104≤Ra≤5.105,tilt angle 0°≤φ≤90°,Reynolds number 100≤Re≤1000,Prandtl number Pr=0.72,block height B=0.5,opening width C=0.15,and distance between blocks D=0.5.The results reveal different branches of solutions on varying Re andφ.They also show that the symmetry of the solution regarding the P_(2)axis is retained for all cases with no tilt and for values of Re between 100 and 1000.

基于改进Double U-Net的秀丽隐杆线虫显微图像端泡分割

针对秀丽隐杆线虫显微图像噪声较多,端泡区域像素与虫体及周围环境相似,标准Double U-Net分割效果较差的问题。该研究提出一种改进的Double U-Net网络的秀丽隐杆线虫端泡分割方法,在网络中引入密集连接,并采用改进的损失函数,解决了传统网络无法进行精确分割的问题。实验表明:改进后算法对线虫端泡的分割,Dice Coefficien、准确率和召回率达到了90.12%、87.45%和91.53%。

The numerical simulation of a new double swirl static mixer for gas reactants mixing

For the nitrogen oxide removal processes,high performance gas mixer is deeply needed for the injection of NH3 or O3.In this study,a new type of double swirl static mixer in gas mixing was investigated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The results obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)correlated well with the results obtained from simulation.The comparisons in pressure loss between the experimental results and the simulation results showed that the model was suitable and accurate for the simulation of the static mixer.Optimal process conditions and design were investigated.When L/D equaled 4,coefficient of variation(COV)was<5%.The inlet velocity did not affect the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy.In terms of both COV and pressure loss,the inner connector is important in the design of the static mixer.The nozzle length should be set at 4 cm.Taking both COV and pressure loss into consideration,the optimal oblique degree is 450.The averaged kinetic energy changed according to process conditions and design.The new static mixer resulted in improved mixing performance in a more compact design.The new static mixer is more energy efficient compared with other SV static mixers.Therefore,the double swirl static mixer is promising in gas mixing.

Efect of double dispersion on non-Darcy mixed convective flow over vertical surface embedded in porous medium

A numerical study of a non-Darcy mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow over a vertical surface embedded in a dispersion, melting, and thermal radiation is porous medium under the effects of double investigated. The set of governing boundary layer equations and the boundary conditions is transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the relevant boundary conditions. The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. Comparisons of the present results with the existing results in the literature are made, and good agreement is found. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed for various values of physical parameters.

Double coupled fixed point for multi-valued mixed increasing operators in ordered Banach spaces

In this paper, a new concept of double coupled fixed point for multi-valued mixed increasing operators is given and some new double coupled fixed point theorems for multi-valued mixed increasing operators in ordered Banach spaces are also given. These results extend and generalize some results of Huang and Fang.

Synthesis and highly efficient photocatalytic activity of mixed oxides derived from ZnNiAl layered double hydroxides

ZnO/NiO/ZnAl2O4 mixed-metal oxides were successfully synthesized through a hydrotalcite-like precursor route, in which appropriate amounts of metal salts solutions were mixed to obtain a new series of ZnNiAl layered double hydroxides（LDHs） as precursors, followed by calcination under different temperatures. The as-obtained samples were characterized by SEM, HRTEM, TEM, XRD, BET, TG-DTA, and UV-Vis spectra techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange（MO） under the simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of Zn/Ni/Al mole ratio and calcination temperature on the composition, morphology and photocatalytic activity of the samples were investigated in detail. The results indicated that compared with ZnNiAl-LDHs, the mixed-metal oxide showed superior photocatalytic performance for the degradation of MO. A maximum of 97.3% photocatalytic decoloration rate within 60 min was achieved from the LDH with the Zn/Ni/Al mole ratio of 2：1：1 and the calcination temperature of 500 ℃, which much exceeded that of Degussa P25 under the same conditions. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation over ZnO/NiO/ZnAl2O4 was discussed.

Double设计在对称化L_2-偏差下的均匀性

二水平部分因子设计在工农业生产、科学实验等领域得到广泛应用,因此有关二水平部分因子设计的研究一直是热点问题.最近,一种称为doubling的方法被用来构造二水平部分因子设计,特别是在构造分辨度为Ⅳ的设计时,这种方法是非常简单但很实用的方法,本文从均匀性的角度来研究double设计,进一步讨论doubling方法的实用性,利用对称化L_2-偏差作为均匀性的测度,发现double设计D(X)的均匀性与初始设计X的均匀性有着密切的联系,给出了double设计在对称化L_2-偏差下的下界.

Double设计在对称化L_2-偏差下两个下界的比较

从列平衡的角度出发,将设计的中心化L2-偏差、对称化L2-偏差、可卷L2-偏差分别用二次型和均衡模式表示,可分别得到两个下界,它们都适合用来评价正交设计的均匀性。以double设计的对称化L2-偏差为例,证明了这两种方法算出的下界是相等的。

Double设计在对称化L_2-偏差下的广义字长型

在工农业生产、科学实验等领域都广泛应用到二水平部分因子设计.最近,在构造二水平部分因子设计时一种称为doubling的方法被使用.特别是在构造分辨度为IV的设计时,doubling是非常简单但很实用的方法.本文利用对称化L2-偏差作为均匀性的测度,得到了double设计D(X)的对称化L2-偏差值与初始设计X的广义字长型之间的关系.利用上述关系,我们断定对于具有广义较小低阶混杂的初始设计X,其对应的double设计D(X)也应该具有较小的对称化L2-偏差值,也就是说,D(X)应该具有较好的均匀性.

Recent advance on VOCs oxidation over layered double hydroxides derived mixed metal oxides

Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)purification.Mixed metal oxides(MMOs),after topological transformation using layered double hydroxides(LDHs)as precursors,are extensively used as catalysts for VOCs oxidation due to their uniformity advantage.This review summarizes the developments in the LDH-derived VOCs heterogeneous catalytic oxidation over the last 10 years.Particularly,it addresses the VOCs abatement performance over MMO,noble metal/MMO,core-shell structured MMO,and integral MMO film catalysts originating from LDHs.Moreover,it highlights the water vapor effect and oxidation mechanism.This review indicates that LDH-based catalysts are a category of important VOCs oxidation materials.

Numerical Simulation of Double Diffusive Mixed Convection in a Horizontal Annulus with Finned Inner Cylinder

The present work relates to a numerical investigation of double diffusive mixed convection around a horizontal annulus with a finned inner cylinder.The solutal and thermal buoyancy forces are sustained by maintaining the inner and outer cylinders at uniform temperatures and concentrations.Buoyancy effects are also considered,with the Boussinesq approximation.The forced convection effect is induced by the outer cylinder rotating with an angular velocity(ω)in an anti-clockwise direction.The studies are made for various combinations of dimensionless numbers;buoyancy ratio number(N),Lewis number(Le),Richardson number(Ri)and Grashof number(Gr).The isotherms,isoconcentrations and streamlines as well as both average and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were studied.A finite volume scheme is adopted to solve the transport equations for continuity,momentum,energy and mass transfer.The results indicate that the use of fins on the inner cylinder with outer cylinder rotation,significantly improves the heat and mass transfer in the annulus.

Double perovskite oxides Sr_2Mg_(1-x)Fe_xMoO(6-δ) for catalytic oxidation of methane

The double perovskite oxides Sr2Mg1-xF exMoO6-δ were investigated as catalysts for the methane oxidation.The structural properties of catalysts were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The catalytic property was strongly influenced by the Fe substitution.The relation between catalytic performance and the degree of Fe substitution was examined with regard to the structure and surface characteristics of the mixed oxides.The Fe-containing catalysts exhibited higher activity attributable to the possible（Fe2＋,Mo6＋） and （Fe3＋,Mo5＋）valency pairs,and the highest activity was observed for Sr2Mg0.2Fe0.8MoO6-δ.The enhancement of the catalytic activity may be correlated with the Fe-relating surface lattice oxygen species and was discussed in view of the presence of oxygen vacancies.

复杂山地水-陆混采地震资料高精度表层速度建模与应用

塔里木盆地ZQX区块石油地质条件优越,并首次开展了水域空气枪激发、拖缆接收采集,但其近地表结构非常复杂,分布有农田、村庄、山体、戈壁砾石、水库等地表类型。针对水-陆混采资料的特殊性,笔者提出了水-陆混采初至起跳点拾取与双约束层析反演新方法。先拾取出不同激发接收模式下准确的初至波波峰时间,利用高信噪比道计算波峰到起跳点的时差,再通过插值解决低信噪比道波峰时间转初至时间的空变时差校正问题。以此为基础,采用水速硬约束和微测井软约束的层析反演方法,解决了ZQX区块水库-山地水-陆混采三维高精度近地表速度建模问题,叠加剖面及深度偏移成像质量明显提升,取得了较好的应用效果。

Effect of nitrite intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides on mortar durability under Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) coexisting environment

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of nitrite intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxides(Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2))on mortar durability under the coexisting environment of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-).Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) binding properties of Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) in simulated concrete pore solutions,Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) diffusion properties of mortars with Mg-Al LDHNO 2 were examined.The steel corrosion and resistance of mortar against SO_(4)^(2-) attack were also evaluated.The results indicate that Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) can effectively adsorb the Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) in simulated concrete pore solution,and inhibit the diffusion of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) into cement mortars.The presence of SO_(4)^(2-) can greatly affect the uptake amount of Cl−,and there is a coupled effect of Cl−and SO_(4)^(2-) on their penetration into mortar specimens.In addition,Mg-Al LDH-NO_(2) can greatly upgrade the resistance of mortars against SO_(4)^(2-) attack and well prevent the steel from corrosion.However,Cl−will aggravate the SO_(4)^(2-) attack and SO_(4)^(2-) can initially decrease and then increase the steel corrosion.

Desorption of Cl^(-) from Mg-Al layered double hydroxide intercalated with Cl^(-) using CO_(2) gas and water

Mg-Al layered double hydroxide intercalated with CO_(3)^(2-)(CO_(3)·Mg-Al LDH) is effective for treating HCl exhaust gas.HCl reacts with CO_(3)^(2-) in CO_(3)·Mg-Al LDH, resulting in the formation of Cl·Mg-Al LDH.We propose that CO_(2) can be used for the desorption of Cl^(-)from Cl·Mg-Al LDH to regenerate CO_(3)·Mg-Al LDH.Herein,we studied the desorption of a from CI-Mg-Al LDH by adding water to Cl·Mg-Al LDH and blowing CO_(2) into it.We also analyzed the effects of temperature and water addition speed on the desorption of CI^(-)from Cl·Mg-Al LDH.Our results show that the added water adhered to CI·Mg-Al LDH and that CO_(2) in the gaseous phase was dissolved in this adhered water,thus generating CO_(3)^(2-).Therefore,anion exchange occurred between CO_(3)^(2-) and Cl^(-)in the Cl·Mg-Al LDH,thus desorbing Cl^(-).

Promoting surface reconstruction of NiFe layered double hydroxides via intercalating[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-)for enhanced oxygen evolution

Rationally manipulating surface reconstruction of catalysts for water oxidation,inducing formation and dynamic accumulation of catalytically active centers still face numerous challenges.Herein,the introduction of[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-)into NiFe LDHs by intercalation engineering to promote surface reconstruction achieves an advanced oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity.In view of the weak electronegativity of Cr^(3+) in[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-),the intercalation of[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-)is expected to result in an electron-rich structure of Fe sites in NiFe LDHs,and higher valence state of Ni can be formed with the charge transfer between Fe and Ni.The optimized electronic structure of NiFe-[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-)-LDHs with more active Ni^(3+) species and the expedited dynamic generation of Ni^(3+) (Fe)OOH phase during the OER process contributed to its excellent catalytic property,revealed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and quasi-in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.With the modulated electronic structure of metal sites,NiFe-[Cr(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)]^(3-)-LDHs exhibited promoted OER property with a lower overpotential of 236 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2).This work illustrates the intercalation of conjugated anion to dynamically construct desired Ni^(3+) sites with the optimal electronic environment for improved OER electrocatalysis.

DOUBLE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION KINETICS OF A MICELLE MIXED EXTRACTANT SYSTEM I DOUBLE(KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC)SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS AND EXTRACTION MECHANISMS

The equilibria and kinetic characteristics of a micelle mixed extractant system-D2 EHPA-MPA（MPA-monoalkyl phosphoric acid with long carbon chain and micellization）in extractionof the Al3+ions were studied.It was found that the system has double synergistic effects on theextraction of the Al3+ions.The compositions of the synergistic complexes were determined andthe synergistic reaction equations were obtained.