Grouping separation of mixed rare earths from their coexisting aqueous solutions by liquid-column elution

A new approach was proposed for grouping separation of 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions from their coexisting mixed aqueous solutions, by performing liquid-column elution using the aqueous solution containing 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions as the stationary phase and the dispersed organic oil droplets containing P507 extractant as the mobile phase. It was revealed that 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions could be separated into four groups, according to the lanthanide tetrad effect, respectively eluting out from the liquid column at different time in a certain order. Various effects including the saponification degree of P507, the concentration of P507 in organic phase, the length and inner diameter of the extraction column on the performance of grouping separation of rare-earth ions were discussed. The changes of the mass transfer coefficients were also investigated. The separation efficiency of the four groups of rareearth elements(REEs) was evaluated based on the elution resolution, Rs, of the elution peaks of La(Ⅲ),Gd(Ⅲ), Ho(Ⅲ) and Lu(Ⅲ), the four representative elements respectively from each of the four groups of REEs. Experimental results demonstrated that the separation of REEs by liquid-column elution mainly depended on the competitive adsorption of different rare-earth groups onto the surface of ascending P507 oil droplets. The affinity of different rare-earth groups with P507 extractant and a limited adsorption capacity of P507 molecules at the surface of the oil droplets ascending in liquid column play the important role. The present work highlights a promising technique for grouping separation of multiple lanthanide elements co-existing complex systems.

Homogeneous bottom-growth of lithium metal anode enabled by double-gradient lithiophilic skeleton

Lithium(Li) metal is considered as the most promising anode material for the next-generation high performance Li batteries.However,the uncontrollable dendritic growth impedes its commercial application.Herein,we design a 3 D Si@carbon nanofibers(CNFs)@ZnO-ZnO-Cu skeleton(SCZ) for guiding the homogeneous bottom-growth of Li metal.The top LixSi@CNFs and bottom LiyZn@CNFs layers could form conductivity and overpotential gradient to avoid the "top-growth" of Li metal.Moreover,the top lithiophilic LixSi@CNFs layer could regulate the nucleation and deposition of Li-ions even if the lithium dendrites grow out of the skeleton under high capacity Li deposition(30 mAh cm^(-2)).As a result,the SCZ-Li||LiFePO_(4) full cell delivers a high capacity of ~104 mAh g^(-1)(~94.82% capacity retention) after 2000 cycles at 5 C, elucidating the potential application of the 3 D double-gradient Li metal composite anode.

Current evidence of drug-elution therapy for infrapopliteal arterial disease

New and sophisticated endovascular devices, such as drug-eluting stents(DES)and drug-coated balloons(DCB), provide targeted drug delivery to affected vessels. The invention of these devices has made it possible to address the reparative cascade of arterial wall injury following balloon angioplasty that results in restenosis. DESs were first used for the treatment of infrapopliteal lesions almost 20 years ago. More recently, however, DCB technology is being investigated to improve outcomes of endovascular below-the-knee arterial procedures, avoiding the need for a metallic scaffold. Today, level IA evidence supports the use of infrapopliteal DES for short to medium length lesions,although robust evidence that justifies the use of DCBs in this anatomical area is missing. This review summarizes and discusses all available data on infrapopliteal drug-elution devices and highlights the most promising future perspectives.

Microcomputer Simulation of Elution Behaviour for Dicarboxylic Acids in Ion－Exclusion Chromatography

he present paper covers a model involving Donnan memhrane equilibrium andadsorption eluilibrium to describe the retention process for diprotic organic acids inion-exclusion chromatography. On this basis the microcomputer simulation of elu-tion behaviour for dicarboxylic acids was investigated. Influences of eluent acidityand sample concentration on the retention value were studied. The theoreticallypredicted results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

Purification of Pseudomonas sp. Lipase by Continuous Elution Electrophoresis Based on Pb^(2+) Precipitation Method

A Pb 2+ precipitation method was designed to get rid of the impure proteins in a lipase. The results show that it was a simple way in the primary treatment of the crude samples and about 20% impure proteins were removed in the precipitation step. Further, continuous elution electrophoresis was also applied as a preparative technique for attaining the highly pure lipase. During the continuous elution electrophoresis, the enzyme was eluted as a single peak and 5.7-fold purification was achieved in a yield of 54.3%. The two steps finally yielded an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme.

Kinetics of Elution of Gentamicin from a Gentamicin-Loaded PMMA Bone Cement

Antibiotic-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement (ALBC) is widely used for anchoring joint replacements as a means of reducing the potential for peri-prosthetic joint infection (primary cases) and treating a patient who has an infected joint replacement (revision cases). One shortcoming of the cement is the high maximum exothermic temperature experienced upon polymerization (Tmax), a phenomenon that, it has been postulated, may cause or be implicated in thermal necrosis of peri-prosthetic tissues. There are many reports in the literature on methods of reducing Tmax, with one such study involving the addition of a phase change material (microencapsulated paraffin) (MEPAR) to the cement powder or adding a chain-stopping chemical (1-dodecyl mercaptan) (DDM) to the liquid. In that report, the results of gentamicin elution tests were presented. In the present work, those results were used to calculate various indices of gentamicin elution kinetics, namely 1) diffusion coefficient (Dgent);and 2) values of the coefficients in four equations that are widely used to model antibiotic elution from ALBCs. We found 1) the difference in Dgent of either a MEPAR- or DDM-containing formulation, on the one hand, and that of the control cement, on the other, was not significant;and 2) a consistent trend in the value of only one coefficient in one of the four model equations, with this change suggesting insignificant difference in gentamicin elution mechanism between an experimental cement formulation and the control cement. The implications of these findings for guiding selection of additives that simultaneously produce significant reduction of Tmax but minimal effect on gentamicin elution kinetics are discussed. This guide is a novel contribution to the literature.

Acid Elution of Aluminum and Calcium from Human Deciduous Enamel in Relation to Dental Caries

Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study were to compare the elution levels of aluminum and calcium from deciduous enamel into acidic artificial saliva, and determine whether the degree of aluminum elution reflects individual caries risk. One hundred and eleven extracted human deciduous teeth were collected. Concentrations of aluminum and calcium eluted from sound regions of enamel into artificial saliva (pH 6.2 or 5.5) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One hundred and four and 108 available data samples were obtained for aluminum and calcium evaluation, respectively, and were compared based on the sex, tooth type, caries history, and the number of the donor’s carious teeth at each pH. Calcium elution was not affected by the sex;however, more aluminum was eluted from boys’ than from girls’ teeth at pH 5.5. The aluminum release depended on the tooth type, and was significantly higher in incisors than in molars at a pH of 5.5. In relation to the caries history, aluminum (at pH 5.5) and calcium (at pH 6.2) dissolved more from sound regions of the enamel of caries-experienced teeth than from the enamel of teeth without caries experience. Moreover, aluminum markedly dissolved from enamel in artificial saliva at both pH 6.2 and 5.5 when the donor had more carious teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of caries experience in the sampled teeth. There is a possibility that the rate of aluminum elution from enamel into acidic fluid reflects individual caries sensitivity.

Comparison between Two Ethanolic Solutions for 3’-Deoxy-3’-[¹⁸F]Fluorothymidine Elution

3’-Deoxy-3’-[18F]Fluorothymidine—[18F]FLT is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer which has been used for noninvasive assessment of proliferation activity in several types of cancer. During the past few years, some novel approaches for [18F]FLT synthesis have been developed, mainly focused on optimization of reaction conditions and purification methods. The present study reports the use of two different eluents in the final step of [18F]FLT production and the evaluation of its effect on radiochemical yield and product quality. The first eluent evaluated was water: ethanol (90:10, v/v), commercially available, and the second was NaCl 0.9% (saline): ethanol (92:8, v/v). The mean of the corrected radiochemical yields corresponded to 27% ± 7% for elution with water and ethanol and to 23% ± 3% for elution with saline and ethanol, which could indicate that the eluent solutions have similar elution strength. Besides, quality control results were in accordance with the requirements and demonstrated that there was no significant difference between both formulations. Considering that pharmaceutical preparations containing ethanol should be preferentially diluted with saline to avoid hemolysis, the eluent saline:ethanol (92:8, v/v) was chosen for [18F]FLT extraction and final formulation.

The Effect of Elution Volume for Immunoprecipitation on m6A-Seq Analysis

Objective:To develop a cost-effective method to reduce the time consumption of elution in immunoprecipitation.Methods Two volumes(125μL for Group C and 100μL for Group T)of elution buffer were used to explore whether smaller volume could save testing time.Result:Time consumption of elution in Group T was significantly shorter than that in Group C,while the efficiency of eluted m6A-containing fragments and the performance of m^(6)A-Seq as indicated by m6A peak distributions showed no difference between the two groups.Conclusion:A smaller volume of elution buffer was an economical way to reduce time consumption in immunoprecipitation.

ELUTION OF TUNGSTEN BY SODIUM COMPOUNDS AND ACCELERATION EFFECTS OF COEXISTENT COUNTER IONS IN MIXED ELUANT

The elution of WO ions by NaOH. NaNO3 NaCl and NH4Cl on strong basicanion exchange resins in quaternary ammonium form I and the adsorption properties after elution were studied. In addition, the elution curse, the permeation curveand the exchange capacities of operation were presented. The eluate containingtungsten with high content and excessive eluant of low content were obtained by employing the process of eluting using mixed solution of NaCl and NaOH. It's possible to obtain Na2WO4. 2H2O with high purity by evaporating and crystallizing theeluate. The results of mixed elution showed that the diffusion coefficients of Cl-.OH- and WO ions in solution or exchange agent varied due to the coexistence ofcounter ions and then the exchange velocity of WO→Cl- and WOe→OH- wasaccelerated.

Elution of lead from vermiculite with environmentally benign reagents

The elution of lead from vermiculite was investigated by using a novel biodegradable chelating reagent, L asparagic N,N diacetic acid (ASDA) and water soluble depolymerized pectic acid and comparing with a conventional chelating reagent, EDTA, as well as acetic acid. The influences of the reagent concentration, equilibrium pH and the suspension contact time on Pb extraction were examined. It is concluded that the acetic acid is not effective for Pb removal in any case due to its weak complexing ability with Pb. Although Pb is easier to be released by EDTA with stoichiometric amount, it is by no means the preferable alternative for the purpose because of its low biodegradability. On the other hand, ASDA and depolymerized pectic acid have the potential application because they are not only effective for Pb elution but also environmentally friendly.

Superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm at implantation site of drug eluting stent discovered due to bacteremia:A case report

BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of pseudoaneurysms after DES placement is rarely reported in the lower extremity region,although there have been several reports on pseudoaneurysm formation after DES placement in the coronary artery region.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with fever and pain in his left hand after dialysis.Bacteremia was diagnosed by blood culture,and after admission,he developed pain on the medial side of the right thigh.A pseudoaneurysm was observed in the right superficial femoral artery(SFA)at the proximal end of a previously placed DES.The bacteremia was thought to have been caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery,and the pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery was removed after antibiotic treatment.The pseudoaneurysm of the right SFA rapidly expanded after admission,but the expansion rate was reduced after infection control.Seven months after the first admission,the pseudoaneurysm of the left SFA was re-moved and in situ revascularization performed using a rifampicin-soaked Dacron graft.CONCLUSION Although pseudoaneurysm after DES placement in the lower extremity region is rare,it must be considered in patients with bacteremia.

可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的研究进展与前景

背景:目前消化道支架的临床应用较为普遍,常规的自膨胀金属及塑料支架存在易移位、取出困难、术后再狭窄等问题,可降解药物洗脱消化道支架凭借生物可降解、术后再狭窄率低等优点成为消化道支架研究的热点。目的:总结可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的研究进展,对可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的前景作出展望。方法:检索中国知网、万方、Pub Med、Web of Science数据库中1994年1月至2024年3月发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“可降解,药物洗脱支架,食管支架,胆道支架,胰管支架,肠道支架,消化道支架”,英文检索词为“biodegradable,drug-eluting stent,esophageal stent,biliary stent,pancreatic duct stent,intestinal stent,gastrointestinal stent”,最终纳入64篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)可降解药物洗脱消化道支架以生物可降解材料为主体,搭载并局部洗脱不同治疗目的的药物,发挥物理支撑及药物治疗双重作用。通过调整支架材料性质、改进制造工艺及辅助手段可以加快或减缓支架降解速度,满足临床需求。药物洗脱技术以药物涂层、纳米颗粒、聚合物载药膜等为载药平台,使药物精准释放,提高病变部位局部药物浓度,减少药物损耗及毒性药物的全身吸收量。(2)可降解药物洗脱消化道支架主要为一种或多种功能性药物结合可生物降解聚合物、金属或纳米纤维材料。可用的功能性药物分为抗炎抗增生类、抗肿瘤类、溶石类、酶抑制剂类。(3)维持支架机械性能稳定和精准控释药物是可降解药物洗脱消化道支架现阶段需要解决的问题,开发新型可降解消化道支架,研究新型载药及释药方式、制造工艺和辅助手段是未来研究方向。

Analysis of the effect of sirolimus-eluting stent on diabetes

Objective:To evaluate the effect of diabetes on outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent.Methods:From December 2002 to May 2005,262 diabetes and 262 non-diabetics treated with sirolimus-eluting stents were studied.The follow-up angiography was performed in 8-month.Major adverse cardiac events(MACE)defined as death,myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization and follow-up angiography were analyzed.Results:Successful rate of stent implantation was 100%.There was no death during the procedure,hospitalization,and follow-up period.Acute myocardial infarction occurred in 1 diabetic at 2 days after PCI,and in 2 non-diabetics at follow-up period.Angiographic follow up at 8 months showed that absolute late lumen loss was 0.06 vs 0.04mm(P>0.05),relative late lumen loss was 2.32% vs 1.63%,and TLR rate was 12.60% vs 9.92% in diabetic group and non-diabetic group respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that reference vessel lumen and relative late lumen loss were significantly associated with restenosis.Conclusion:Cypher stent implantation in diabetes is safe and effective,while relative late lumen loss may be related to restenosis.In a word,diabetes with small vessel may be considered to be risk factor for restenosis after Cypher stents implantation.

FTA-环介导等温扩增技术直接提取变异链球菌DNA的效果评价

背景:变异链球菌是龋病的重要病原菌,及时检测变异链球菌水平对龋病的早发现、早治疗有重要意义。目的:建立并评价FTA-环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)技术直接提取变异链球菌DNA的应用效果。方法:①制备含有ATCC标准菌株变异链球菌的菌悬液,接种于脑心浸出液培养基,充分混匀后按10倍梯度稀释成7种浓度(4.2×10^(7),4.2×10^(6),4.2×10^(5),4.2×10^(4),4.2×10^(3),4.2×10^(2),4.2×10 CFU/mL),每个稀释级做2个平行对照,并增加无菌水作为空白对照;②分别采用FTA卡、常规煮沸法、试剂盒提取及裂解液提取4种方法直接提取菌株DNA,通过LAMP技术进行扩增,并进行特异性试验,比较4种提取方法的差异。结果与结论:①4种方法提取的DNA均满足LAMP扩增的要求;②特异性试验结果显示,只有变异链球菌才可特异扩增出靶基因;③裂解液提取法最低检测限为4.2×10^(3) CFU/mL,FTA卡提取法最低检测限为4.2×10^(4) CFU/mL,试剂盒提取法和常规煮沸法最低检测限分别为4.2×10^(6) CFU/mL和4.2×10^(7) CFU/mL;④4种提取方法其他方面的比较显示,试剂盒提取法的实验成本、步骤数和时间都是最高;其他3种方法步骤数一致,其中FTA卡所需仪器设备最少,常规煮沸法单次成本最低,裂解液提取法所需时间最少;FTA卡和裂解液提取法仅需少量菌即可提取成功,后者在时间方面优于FTA卡,但相较于FTA卡其单次成本高,所需设备多;⑤结果说明,该研究建立的FTA-LAMP技术具有操作简便、特异性强、灵敏度高、结果可视化等优势,有望为高效提取检测变异链球菌提供新途径。

Advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable platforms in drug eluting stents

Coronary angioplasty with drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation is currently the most common stent procedure worldwide.Since the introduction of DES,coronary restenosis as well as the incidence of target vessel and target lesion revascularization have been significantly reduced.However,the incidence of very late stent thrombosis beyond the first year after stent deployment has more commonly been linked to DES than to baremetal stent(BMS)implantation.Several factors have been associated with very late stent thrombosis after DES implantation,such as delayed healing,inflammation,stent mal-apposition and endothelial dysfunction. Some of these adverse events were associated with the presence of durable polymers,which were essential to allow the elution of the immunosuppressive drug in the first DES designs.The introduction of erodable polymers in DES technology has provided the potential to complete the degradation of the polymer simultaneously or immediately after the release of the immunosuppressive drug,after which a BMS remains in place.Several DES designs with biodegradable(BIO)polymers have been introduced in preclinical and clinical studies, including randomized trials.In this review,we analyze the clinical results from 6 observational and randomized studies with BIO polymers and discuss advantages and disadvantages of this new technology.

Transarterial chemoembolization using 40 μm drug eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) using a new generation of 40 μm drug eluting beads in patients not eligible for curative treatment.METHODS Drug eluting bead TACE(DEB-TACE) using a new generation of microspheres(embozene tandem,40 μm) preloaded with 100 mg of doxorubicin was performed on 48 early or intermediate HCC patients with compensatedcirrhosis.Response to therapy was assessed with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST) and modified RECIST(m RECIST) guidelines applied to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Eleven out of the 48 treated patients treated progressed on to receive liver orthotopic transplantation(OLT).This allowed for histological analysis on the treated explanted nodules.RESULTS DEB-TACE with 40 μm showed a good safety profile without major complications or 30-d mortality.The objective response rate of treated tumors was 72.6% and 26.7% according to m RECIST and RECIST respectively.Histological examination in 11 patients assigned to OLT showed a necrosis degree > 90% in 78.6% of cases.The overall time to progression was 13 mo(11-21).CONCLUSION DEB-TACE with 40 μm particles is an effective treatment for the treatment of HCC in early-intermediate patients(Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A/B) with a good safety profile and good results in term of objective response rate and necrosis.

Bond Elut PBA固相萃取柱净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鸡肉中金刚烷胺和利巴韦林的残留量

取鸡肉样品约2.0 g,加入100μg·L^(-1)金刚烷胺-d6和利巴韦林-13C5的混合内标溶液100μL和体积比为7∶3的20 g·L^(-1)三氯乙酸溶液-乙腈的混合溶液15 mL,涡旋30 s,振荡15 min,离心5 min,上层有机相转移至50 mL离心管中。重复上述操作一次,合并上层有机相,过普通滤纸,滤液用约100μL氨水调节酸度至pH 8.5,过活化好的Bond Elut PBA固相萃取柱。固相萃取柱先以体积比1∶9的乙腈-0.25 mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵混合溶液3 mL和含5%(体积分数)氨水的甲醇溶液3 mL淋洗,然后以含2%(体积分数)甲酸的甲醇溶液4 mL洗脱。收集洗脱液,氮吹至干,残渣用体积比1∶9乙腈-水混合溶液1 mL复溶后,过0.22μm滤膜。滤液进入高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪,在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上用不同体积比的含5 mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵的1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-甲醇-水的混合溶液梯度洗脱分离其中的金刚烷胺和利巴韦林,在多反应监测模式和电喷雾离子源正离子模式下检测,以内标法定量。结果显示:金刚烷胺和利巴韦林在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上的保留较强,分别在4.30,9.13 min出峰;标准曲线的线性范围均为2~40μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为0.2,0.3μg·kg-1;对空白鸡肉样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率分别为70.5~84.4%和98.5%~99.6%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。

The effectiveness and safety of the RESTORE R drug-eluting balloon versus a drug-eluting stent for small coronary vessel disease： study protocol for a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial

bjective Small coronary vessel disease （disease affecting coronary vessels with main branch diameters of 〈 2.75 mm） is a common and intractable problem in percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study was designed to test the theory that the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of de novo lesions in small coronary vessels are non-inferior to those of drug-eluting stents. Methods We designed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial aiming to assess the effectiveness and safety of the RESTORE R （Cardionovum, Bonn, Germany） drug-eluting balloon （DEB） versus the RESOLUTE R （Medtronic, USA） drug-eluting stent （DES） in the treatment of small coronary vessel disease. This trial started in August 2016. A total of 230 patients with a reference vessel diameter （RVD） 〉 2.25 mm and 〈 2.75 mm were randomly assigned to treatment with a DEB or a DES at a 1：1 ratio. The study was also designed to enroll 30 patients with an RVD 〉 2.00 mm and 〈 2.25 mm in the tiny vessel cohort. Results The key baseline data include demographic characteristics, relative medical history, baseline angiographic values and baseline procedural characteristics. The primary endpoint is in-segment diameter stenosis at nine months after the index procedure. Secondary endpoints include acute success, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis. Conclusions The study will evaluate the clinical efficacy, angiographic outcomes, and safety of DEBs compared to DESs in the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions in small vessels.

Double-vessel verylate stent thrombosis following Resolute Onyx zotarolimus eluting stents implantation in an octogenarian

Compared with bare-metal stents (BMS),drug-eluting stems (DES)have shown better clinical outcomes for pa- tients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by inhibition of neo-intirnal hyperplasia.[1]However,early- generation DES produced late thrombotic events,more than l-year,by delaying arterial healing of stented vessels,[2-5] New-generation DES have been developed'with thinner stent struts,more biocompatible polymer coatings for drug release,and a variety of antiproliferative agents with similar or superior anti-restenotic efficacy.[6]This development has led to a significant improvement in the efficacy and safety of new-generation DES,and consistently lower rates of very late stent thrombosis (VLST).[7,8]In fact,use of new-ge- neration DES is the standard treatment in contemporary PCI practice.[9]