Fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model for seismic response of underground structures in saturated soils

The seismic response characteristics of underground structures in saturated soils are investigated.A fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model is developed and implemented into ABAQUS with a user-defined element to simulate the dynamic behavior of saturated soils.The accuracy of the model is validated using a classic example in literature.The performance of the model is verified by its application on simulating the seismic response characteristics of a subway station built in saturated soils.The merits of the model are demonstrated by comparing the difference of the seismic response of an underground structure in saturated soils between using the fully coupling model and a single-phase medium model.The study finds that the fully coupling model developed herein can simulate the dynamic response characteristics of the underground structures in saturated soils with high accuracy.The seismic response of the underground structure tends to be underestimated by using the single-phase medium model compared with using the fully coupling model,which provides a weaker confining action to the underground structure.

Improved frequency modeling and solution for parallel liquid-filled pipes considering both fluid-structure interaction and structural coupling

The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe.However,there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs.Therefore,this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs,involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing.The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)and the structural coupling of the PLFPs.The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments.The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed.This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.

Study on damage-stress loss coupling model of rock and prestressed anchor cable in dry-wet environment

The loss of anchoring force is one of the problems to be solved urgently.The anchorage loss is a key factor causing the failure of anchoring engineering,so it is crucial to study the time-dependent variation of anchoring force.Alternating dry and wet(D-W)conditions have a significant effect on deformation of rock.The anchoring system is composed of anchoring components and rock mass,and thus rock deformation has a significant impact on the loss of anchoring force.Quantifying rock deformation under the effects of D-W cycles is a prerequisite to understanding the factors that influence loss of anchoring force in anchor bolts.In this study,we designed an anchoring device that enabled real-time monitoring of the variation in strain during D-W periods and rock testing.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements showed that under D-W conditions,the increment in porosity was smaller for prestressed rock than unstressed rock.The trends of prestress loss and strain variation are consistent,which can be divided into three characteristic intervals:rapid attenuation stage,slow attenuation stage and relatively stable stage.At the same stress level,the rate of stress loss and strain for the soaking specimen was the highest,while that of the dried specimen was the lowest.In the same D-W cycling conditions,the greater the prestress,the smaller the strain loss rate of the rock,especially under soaking conditions.The characteristics of pore structure and physical mechanical parameters indicated that prestress could effectively suppress damage caused by erosion related to D-W cycles.The study reveals the fluctuation behavior of rock strain and prestress loss under D-W conditions,providing a reference for effectively controlling anchoring loss and ideas for inventing new anchoring components.

Structure optimization of gas-liquid combined loop reactor using a CFD-PBE coupled model

Flow characteristics, such as flow pattern, gas holdup, and bubble size distribution, in an internal loop reactor with external liquid circulation, are simulated to investigate the influence of reactor internals by using the computational fluid dynamics （CFD）-population balance equations （PBE） coupled model. Numerical results reveal that introducing a downcomer tube and a draft tube can help to improve the mass and heat transfer of the reactor through enhanced liquid circulation, increased gas holdup and reduced bubble diameter. The hydrodynamic behavior in the internal loop reactor with external liquid circulation can be managed effectively by adjusting the diameter and axial position of the draft tube.

Transverse seismic response of beam aque-duct considering fluid-structure coupling

Based on the theory of Housner, the transverse seismic response of beam aqueduct considering fluid-structure coupling is established. With the variation of aqueduct cross-section ratio of depth to width, the aqueduct transverse seismic response change. The transverse seismic response of a large-scale aqueduct in several work condition are calculated. It shows that the transverse seismic response is greatly influenced by the water mass in the aqueduct, but the shaking water play a TLD role. ff the whole water is appended aqueduct body, it will magnify seismic inertia action. When aqueduct cross-section is selected, the influence of ratio of depth and width to pier seismic response should be considered in order to reduce seismic action.

2D Coupled 3D:A New Numerical Model for Dual - Structured - Aquifer System

This paper points out that a successful numerical simulation is to construct a correct conceptional model which is very dose to the natural condition. A new model, two dimensional coupled three dimensional model (2D -3D ) is presented in the Present paper,which is the most suitable one for the dual - structured - aquifer system. An example of Wenyinghu area is shown.By using the 2D-3D model, a satisfied result of the simulated area is achieved.

Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Based on Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain Method

This paper, with a finite element method, studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations. With this fully coupled model, the rigid structure is taken as ＂fictitious＂ fluid with zero strain rate. Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure. The whole domain, including fluid region and structure region, is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh. However, to keep the structure＇ s rigid body shape and behavior, a rigid body constraint is enforced on the ＂fictitious＂ fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multipher/Fictitious Domain （DLM/ FD） method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al. For the verification of the model presented herein, a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations, and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. Finally, a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.

A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in aqueous solutions and its applications in binary and ternary aqueous solutions

A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solution was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory and verified in four kinds of binary aqueous solutions and two kinds of ternary aqueous solutions. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in four binary aqueous solutions and two ternary solutions at 298.15 K have good agreement with the reported activity data from literatures after shifting the standard state and concentration unit. Therefore, the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples from the developed universal thermodynamic model for ternary and binary aqueous solutions can be applied to predict reaction ability of components in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions. It is also proved that the assumptions applied in the developed thermodynamic model are correct and reasonable, i.e., strong electrolyte aqueous solution is composed of cations and anions as simple ions, H2O as simple molecule and other hydrous salt compounds as complex molecules. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions strictly follow the mass action law.

Modeling Approach and Analysis of the Structural Parameters of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Etcher Based on a Regression Orthogonal Design

The geometry of an inductively coupled plasma （ICP） etcher is usually considered to be an important factor for determining both plasma and process uniformity over a large wafer. During the past few decades, these parameters were determined by the ＂trial and error＂ method, resulting in wastes of time and funds. In this paper, a new approach of regression orthogonal design with plasma simulation experiments is proposed to investigate the sensitivity of the structural parameters on the uniformity of plasma characteristics. The tool for simulating plasma is CFD-ACE＋, which is commercial multi-physical modeling software that has been proven to be accurate for plasma simulation. The simulated experimental results are analyzed to get a regression equation on three structural parameters. Through this equation, engineers can compute the uniformity of the electron number density rapidly without modeling by CFD-ACE＋. An optimization performed at the end produces good results.

Pore-pressure and stress-coupled creep behavior in deep coal:Insights from real-time NMR analysis

Understanding the variations in microscopic pore-fracture structures(MPFS) during coal creep under pore pressure and stress coupling is crucial for coal mining and effective gas treatment. In this manuscript, a triaxial creep test on deep coal at various pore pressures using a test system that combines in-situ mechanical loading with real-time nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) detection was conducted.Full-scale quantitative characterization, online real-time detection, and visualization of MPFS during coal creep influenced by pore pressure and stress coupling were performed using NMR and NMR imaging(NMRI) techniques. The results revealed that seepage pores and microfractures(SPM) undergo the most significant changes during coal creep, with creep failure gradually expanding from dense primary pore fractures. Pore pressure presence promotes MPFS development primarily by inhibiting SPM compression and encouraging adsorption pores(AP) to evolve into SPM. Coal enters the accelerated creep stage earlier at lower stress levels, resulting in more pronounced creep deformation. The connection between the micro and macro values was established, demonstrating that increased porosity at different pore pressures leads to a negative exponential decay of the viscosity coefficient. The Newton dashpot in the ideal viscoplastic body and the Burgers model was improved using NMR experimental results, and a creep model that considers pore pressure and stress coupling using variable-order fractional operators was developed. The model’s reasonableness was confirmed using creep experimental data. The damagestate adjustment factors ω and β were identified through a parameter sensitivity analysis to characterize the effect of pore pressure and stress coupling on the creep damage characteristics(size and degree of difficulty) of coal.

Modeling and Decoupling of Coupling Tasks in Collaborative Development Process of Complicated Electronic Products

It is important to improve the development efficiency of decoupling a coupling task package according to the information relevancy relation between development tasks in the collaborative development process of complicated electronic products.In order to define the task coupling model in the development process,the weighted directed graph based on the information relevancy is established,and the correspondence between weighted directed graph model and numerical design structure matrix model of coupling tasks is introduced.The task coupling model is quantized,thereby the interactivity matrix of task package is built.A multi-goal task decoupling method based on improved genetic algorithm is proposed to decouple the task coupling model,which transforms the decoupling of task package into a multi-goal optimization issue.Then the improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the interactivity matrix of coupling tasks.Finally,the effectiveness of this decomposition method is proved by using the example of task package decoupling of collaborative development of a radar’s phased array antenna.

Theoretical Investigations of the Local Structure Distortion and EPR Parameter for Ni2＋-doped Perovskite Fluorides

By analyzing the optical spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance parameter D, the local structure distortion of （NiF6）4- clusters in AMF3 （A=K, Rb; M=Zn, Cd, Ca） and K2ZnF4 series are studied using the complete energy matrix based on the double spin-orbit coupling parameter model for configuration ions in a tetragonal ligand field. The results indicate that the contribution of ligand to spin-orbit coupling interaction should be considered for our studied systems. Moreover, the relationships between D and the spin-obit coupling coefficients as well as the average parameter and the divergent parameter are discussed.

Coupling between the Grain for Green Program and a household level-based agricultural eco-economic system in Ansai,Shaanxi Province of China

The implementation of the Grain for Green Program(GGP)has changed the development track of the agricultural eco-economic system in China.In response to the results of a lag study that investigated the coupling between the GGP and the agricultural eco-economic system in a loess hilly region,we used a structural equation model to analyze the survey data from 494 households in Ansai,a district of Yan’an City in Shaanxi Province of China in 2015.The model clarified the direction and intensity of the coupling between the GGP and the agricultural eco-economic system.The coupling benefits were derived through linkages between the program and various chains in the agricultural eco-economic system.The GGP,the agroecosystem of Ansai and their potential coupling effects were in a state of general coordination.The agroecosystem directly affected the coupling effect,with the standardized path coefficient of 0.87,indicating that the agroecosystem in Ansai at this stage provided basic material support for the coupling between the GGP and the agricultural eco-economic system.The direct path coefficient of agroeconomic system impacted on the coupling effect was-0.76,indicating that partial contradictions occurred between the agroeconomic system and the coupling effect.Therefore,although the current agroecosystem in Ansai should be provided sufficient agroecological resources for the benign coupling between the program and the agricultural eco-economic system,agricultural development failed to effectively transform agroecological resources into agricultural economic advantages in this region,which resulted in a relative lag in the development of the agricultural economic system.Thus,the coupling between the GGP and the agricultural eco-economic system was poor.To improve the coupling and the sustainable development of the agricultural eco-economic system in cropland retirement areas,the industrial structure needs to be diversified,the agricultural resources(including agroecological resources,agricultural economic resources and agricultural social resources)need to be rationally allocated,and the chain structure of the agricultural eco-economic system needs to be continuously improved.

Flight Dynamic Analysis of Hypersonic Vehicle Considering Liquid-Solid Coupling

With the liquid propellant making up 60%—70% of the takeoff weight of the hypersonic vehicle,the dynamic load caused by great propellant sloshing interacts with the flexible structure of the aircraft.Therefore,the dynamic model displays characteristics of strong coupling with structure/control and nonlinearity.Based on the sloshing mass dynamic simplified as a spring-mass-damping model,a rigid-flexible-sloshing model is constructed.Moreover,the effect on the dynamic performance of the coupled model is analyzed with changing frequency and damping.The results show that propellant sloshing dynamics significantly affects the rigid body motion modes,especially flexible mode and short mode.The right half plane pole(RHP)moves far from the imaginary axis with the consumption of the propellant.The flexible mode attenuates with the increase of the sloshing damping,and the coupling becomes stronger when sloshing frequency is close to the short mode frequency or the flexible frequency of the beam.

A Dynamic Plunger Lift Model for Shale Gas Wells

At present,the optimization of the plunger mechanism is shale gas wells is mostly based on empirical methods,which lack a relevant rationale and often are not able to deal with the quick variations experienced by the production parameters of shale gas wells in comparison to conventional gas wells.In order to mitigate this issue,in the present work,a model is proposed to loosely couple the dynamics of gas inflow into shale gas wells with the dynamics of the liquid inflow.Starting from the flow law that accounts for the four stages of movement of the plunger,a dynamic model of the plunger lift based on the real wellbore trajectory is introduced.The model is then tested against 5 example wells,and it is shown that the accuracy level is higher than 90%.The well‘switch’,optimized on the basis of simulations based on such a model,is tested through on-site experiments.It is shown that,compared with the original switch configuration,the average production of the sample well can be increased by about 15%.

热液成矿系统构造控矿理论

构造对成矿的控制是热液成矿系统的典型特征之一,系统剖析多重尺度控矿构造的几何学、运动学、动力学、流变学和热力学对认识矿床成因和预测找矿至关重要;而如何实现控矿构造格架、渗透性结构、成矿流体通道和矿化变形网络由静态到多尺度时-空四维动态的转变,查明流体通道和矿床增量生长过程与控制因素,揭示热液成矿系统的构造-流体耦合成矿机制和定位规律是亟待解决的关键科学难题。为此,我们在对已有相关成果系统梳理的基础上,提出了科学构建热液成矿系统构造控矿理论的基本要点与对应方法及应用范畴:(1)流体而非构造是构造控矿理论的中心,热液系统的流体流动与成矿作用受控于断裂带格架及其渗透性结构,其中渗透率是将流体流动与流体压力变化联系起来理解控矿构造的核心;(2)不同控矿构造组合的关键控制是构造差应力和流体压力的大小,而矿化类型的变化可能是由于构造应力场引起的容矿构造方位的不同和赋矿围岩之间的强度差异所致;(3)流体通道的生长始于超压流体储库上游围岩中孤立的微裂隙沿流体压力梯度最大的方向、随裂隙发育且相互连结而形成新的长裂隙,并最终连通形成断裂网络内的流体通道,矿床的增量生长发生在高流体通量的短爆发期,断层反复滑动驱动其内流体压力、流速和应力快速变化,当由此诱发的流体通道生长破坏了流体系统的动态平衡时,随之而来的流体快速降压就成为金属沉淀成矿的关键驱动因素;(4)以热液裂隙-脉系统野外地质观测和构造-蚀变-矿化网络三维填图为基础,通过宏观与微观各级控矿构造相结合、地质历史与构造应力分析相结合、局部与区域点-线-面相结合、浅部与深部相结合、时间与空间相结合、定性和定量相结合,对各种控矿因素开展多学科、多尺度、多层次、全方位综合研究,是应遵循的基本原则;(5)通过构造-蚀变-矿化网络填图,将蚀变-矿化体与控矿构造的类型、形态、规模、产状和间距等几何学特征联系起来,利用热液裂隙-脉系统和断裂网络拓扑学及矿体三维几何结构分析等定量方法查明控矿构造格架和渗透性结构并揭示矿化变形网络的连通性与成矿潜力;(6)合理构建地质模型,选取合适的热力学参数和动力学边界条件,利用HCh和COMSOL等方法,定量模拟成矿过程中的流体流动、热-质传递、应力变形和化学反应等的时-空变化,是揭示构造-流体耦合成矿机理和定位规律、预测矿化中心和确定找矿目标的有效途径。进而提出了构造控矿理论的研究流程:聚焦构造-流体耦合成矿机制和定位规律这一关键科学问题,选择热液裂隙-脉系统和构造-蚀变-矿化网络为重点研究对象;通过几何学描述、运动学判断、流变学分析、动力学解析和热力学综合,厘定控矿构造格架,定位矿化中心,示踪成矿流体通道和多种矿化样式的增量生长过程及其关键控制,揭示渗透性结构的时-空演变规律及构造再活化与成矿定位的成因关联,建立构造-流体耦合成矿模式,服务新一轮战略找矿突破。以胶东焦家金矿田为例,开展控矿构造理论研究和成矿预测应用实践,证实了其科学性和有效性。

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型建立和实验分析

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器衔铁转动引起的触点碰撞、弹跳现象使运动过程复杂,静、动态特性理论分析和仿真模型建立困难。以某型号多簧片结构的磁保持继电器为研究对象,理论分析结构拓扑及工作机理,考虑触点间切入深度,引入狄拉克函数和赫维赛德函数,解决簧片受力分散及触点由于碰撞、弹跳引起的作用力不连续问题;将簧片等效为悬臂梁,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论建立触簧系统三簧片分段耦合动力学模型。利用Ansys Maxwell引入基于误差的自适应网格划分方法求解电磁机构静态特性;考虑触簧系统簧片运动变形效应,通过ADAMS基于模态理论,构建刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型。基于分段动力学思想,搭建电-磁-机械运动多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型。利用高速摄像机、电流探头等设计磁保持继电器实验方案,搭建实验平台,测试并分析磁保持继电器触点吸合运动时间、触点压力、弹跳时间、线圈电流,并分析人工装配簧片引起触点压力不同使继电器动作过程存在的不一致性问题,验证该文所提多簧片结构的磁保持继电器特性分段耦合分析方法和多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型的有效性。

基于CAS法的核电工程异形水箱分布质量计算模型

对于形状复杂的大型核电工程储液结构,Housner弹簧-质量模型适用性较差,基于有限元法的流-固耦合数值分析模型复杂、计算和存储量大,难以满足工程设计要求。该文基于声学-结构耦合法(CAS)提出了一种兼顾精度和效率的分布质量模型,通过理论推导从CAS计算结果中剥离得到的器壁动水压强脉冲分量,进而提出器壁单元各节点位置的分布式脉冲附加质量计算公式,精确地考虑了储液容器的形状对液体晃动的影响,同时实现了流-固耦合分析的解耦,有效解决了复杂大型核电工程储液结构的动力分析的难题。以矩形刚性水箱为例,将该文模型的结果与Housner分布模型比较,验证了该模型的合理性和可靠性。针对顶部具有复杂形状水箱的AP1000安全壳结构进行地震动分析,将该文模型与精细的流-固耦合模型进行比较,结果显示:两种模型计算结果吻合性好,该文模型前处理简便且在计算时间效率具有明显优势。该文模型可为核电工程考虑结构-地基、流-固耦合的多因素耦合高效分析奠定基础。

核电工程异形水箱流固耦合分布式参数模型与效用研究

在流固耦合动力分析领域,传统的Housner模型在工程设计中发挥重要作用。但其理论推导仅适用于规则水箱,采用集中质量总体模型描述液体晃动的整体效应,难以有效模拟异形水箱储液结构的局部精细响应,亟须建立适用于不规则水体晃荡的分布式附加质量模型。基于势流理论推导了一种模态综合法模型,实现了分布质量与储液器壁激振加速度的解耦。该模型能够有效剥离分布式的脉冲质量与对流质量;同时,实体网格的振型分析适用于任意形状水体的动力分析。通过算例的形式将该模型与精细声学-结构耦合(Acoustic-Structural coupling,CAS)模拟法进行了比较,验证了模型的精确性与可靠性。最后,基于本文的模型研究了核电异形的安全水箱在不同水位和减晃格栅分布下的动力响应规律,并检验了其在工程中的适用性。

计及复杂换位结构的百万千瓦级汽轮发电机定子流固耦合传热研究

百万千瓦级汽轮发电机的定子绕组通常采用多根空、实心股线并绕的复杂编织换位结构,针对尺寸相差悬殊的复杂结构使得其定子流固耦合模型的数值求解存在网格数量多、容易出现奇异解的难点问题,该文提出三维区段式流固耦合网格划分方法,根据不同区段股线的结构及传热特点,通过非均匀网格划分方法大大降低求解模型的网格数量,实现计及复杂换位结构的定子流固耦合模型的数值求解,并通过一台124万kW水氢氢冷汽轮发电机的短路型式实验进行验证。在此基础上,提出定子绕组的新型交叉换位方法并与传统换位方法的温度进行对比,结果表明,新型交叉换位方法使定子绕组股线以及绝缘的温度分布更加均匀,并且能够有效降低定子绕组最高温度。