Performance and Application of Double-layered Microcapsule Corrosion Inhibitors

Double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors were developed by sodium monofluorophosphate as the core material,polymethyl methacrylate as the inner wall material,and polyvinyl alcohol as the outer wall material combining the solvent evaporation method and spray drying method.The protection by the outer capsule wall was used to prolong the service life of the corrosion inhibitor.The dispersion,encapsulation,thermal stability of microcapsules,and the degradation rate of capsule wall in concrete pore solution were analyzed by ultra-deep field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermal analyzer,and sodium ion release rate analysis.The microcapsules were incorporated into mortar samples containing steel reinforcement,and the effects of double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors on the performance of the cement matrix and the actual corrosion-inhibiting effect were analyzed.The experimental results show that the double-layered microcapsules have a moderate particle size and uniform distribution,and the capsules were completely wrapped.The microcapsules as a whole have good thermal stability below 230 ℃.The monolayer membrane structure microcapsules completely broke within 1 day in the simulated concrete pore solution,and the double-layer membrane structure prolonged the service life of the microcapsules to 80 days in the simulated concrete pore solution before the core material was completely released.The mortar samples containing steel reinforcement incorporated with the double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors still maintained a higher corrosion potential than the monolayer microcapsule corrosion inhibitors control group at 60 days.The incorporation of double-layered microcapsules into the cement matrix has no significant adverse effect on the setting time and early strength.

THE DOUBLE-LAYER STRUCTURE OF THE HADLEY CIRCULATION AND ITS INTERDECADAL EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS

Based on the three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation(TPDGAC), this study investigates the double-layer structure of the Hadley circulation(HC) and its interdecadal evolution characteristics by using monthly horizontal wind field from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1948—2011. The following major conclusions are drawn: First, the double-layer structure of the HC is an objective fact, and it constantly exists in April,May, June, October and November in the Southern Hemisphere. Second, the double-layer structure is more obvious in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Since the double-layer structure is sloped in the vertical direction, it should be taken into consideration when analyzing the variations of the strength and location of the center of the HC.Third, the strength of the double-layer structure of the HC in the Southern Hemisphere consistently exhibits decadal variations with a strong, weak and strong pattern in all five months(April, May, June, October, and November), with cycles of 20-30 a and 40-60 a. Fourth, the center of the HC(mean position of the double-layer structure) in the Southern Hemisphere consistently and remarkably shifts southward in all the five months. The net poleward shifts over the 64 years are 5.18°, 2.11°, 2.50°, 1.79° and 5.76° for the five respective months, with a mean shift of 3.47°.

Numerical Analysis of the Structure of High-Strength Double-Layer Steel Plate Concrete Shaft by Drilling Method of Water-Bearing Weak Rock Formation

In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engineers too confused to fully recognize its feasibility of this structure. Hence, based on the previous experimental research on the Taohutu mine construction project in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, this research paper aims to provide a widely deep numerical analysis by the usage of the finite element software, in fact, to establish the corresponding numerical analysis model and make a comparison with the experimental data to get the rationality of the verified model. The influence of the composite characteristics of the steel plate and concrete on the ultimate bearing capacity and stress field of the shaft wall structure is studied here through the method of multi-factor analysis. Also, the optimal design scheme of the double-layer steel plate and concrete composite shaft wall structure is proposed in this research paper.

Preparation and Microwave Absorbing Properties of Double-layer Fine Iron Tailings Cementitious Materials

To develop the microwave absorbing(MA)properties of cementitious material mixed with mine solid waste,the iron tailings cementitious microwave absorbing materials were prepared.The iron tailings was treated into different particle sizes by planetary ball mill,and the physicochemical properties of iron tailings were tested by laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The electromagnetic parameters of iron tailings cementitious materials were characterized by a vector network analyzer and simulated MA properties,and the MA properties of iron tailings-cement composite system with steel fiber as absorber was studied.Based on the design of the single-layer structure,optimum mix ratio and thickness configuration method of double-layer structure were further studied,meanwhile,the mechanical properties and engineering application were analyzed and discussed.The results show that the particle size of iron tailings can afiect its electromagnetic behavior in cementitious materials,and the smaller particles lead the increase of demagnetisation efiect induced by domain wall motion and achieve better microwave absorbing properties in cementitious materials.When the thickness of matching layer and absorbing layer is 5 mm,the optimized microwave absorbing properties of C1/C3 double-layer cementitious material can obtain optimal RL value of-27.61 dB and efiective absorbing bandwidth of 0.97 GHz,which attributes to the synergistic efiect of impedance matching and attenuation characteristics.The double-layer microwave absorbing materials obtain excellent absorbing properties and show great design flexibility and diversity,which can be used as a suitable candidate for the preparation of favorable microwave absorbing cementitious materials.

Novel technology on preparation of double-layered pellets for sulfur and arsenic-bearing gold concentrates

Double-layered pellet （DLP） roasting is a novel pretreatment method for sulfur and arsenic-bearing gold concentrates. In this process, preparation of DLPs is a fundamental step which is required to produce DLPs with favorable mechanical strength and thermal stability. Studies were carried out to investigate the affecting factors and conditions on the preparation and properties of DLPs. The results show that moisture content has significant influence on DLPs preparation. With the increase of moisture content in the range of no more than 9.8%, drop resistance and compressive strength of green DLPs are raised and the pelletizing dynamics is improved accordingly. The optimum conditions are determined as moisture content of 9.8%, coating time of 14-16 min, drying temperature 〈80 ℃and drying gas velocity 〈1.2 m/s. When DLPs prepared under these conditions are roasted at 600 ℃ for 1 h, favorable removal and solidifying rates can be obtained, in which the removal rates of arsenic and sulfur are 94.38% and 82.55%, and the solidifying rates of arsenic and sulfur reach 99.62% and 99.79%, respectively. These results promise industrial application of DLP roasting.

Double-layer microwave absorber of nanocrystalline strontium ferrite and iron microfibers

Microwave absorption properties of the nanocrystalline strontium ferrite （SrFe12O19） and iron （α-Fe） microfibers for single-layer and double-layer structures are investigated in a frequency range of 2 GHz 18 GHz. For the singlelayer absorbers, the nanocrystalline SrFe12O19 microfibers show some microwave absorptions at 6 GHz 18 GHz, with a minimum reflection loss （RL） value of -11.9 dB at 14.1 GHz for a specimen thickness of 3.0 mm, while for the nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers, their absorptions largely take place at 15 GHz-18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB, with a minimum .RL value of about -24 dB at 17.5 GHz for a specimen thickness of 0.7 mm. For the doublelayer absorber with an absorbing layer of α-Fe microfibers with a thickness of 0.7 mm and matching layer of SrFe12O19 microfibers with a thickness of 1.3 ram, the minimum RL value is about -63 dB at 16.4 GHz and the absorption band width is about 6.7 GHz ranging from 11.3 GHz to 18 GHz with the RL value exceeding -10 dB which covers the whole Ku-band （12.4 GHz 18 GHz） and 27% of X-band （8.2 GHz 12.4 GHz）.

Double-layer indium doped zinc oxide for silicon thin-film solar cell prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Indium doped zinc oxide （ZnO：In） thin films were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis on corning eagle 2000 glass substrate. 1 and 2 at.% indium doped single-layer ZnO：In thin films with different amounts of acetic acid added in the initial solution were fabricated. The 1 at.% indium doped single-layers have triangle grains. The 2 at.% indium doped single-layer with 0.18 acetic acid adding has the resistivity of 6.82 × 10^-3 Ω. cm and particle grains. The doublelayers structure is designed to fabricate the ZnO：In thin film with low resistivity （2.58 × 10^-3 Ω. cm） and good surface morphology. It is found that the surface morphology of the double-layer ZnO：In film strongly depends on the substratelayer, and the second-layer plays a large part in the resistivity of the doublewlayer ZnO：In thin film. Both total and direct transmittances of the double-layer ZnO：In film are above 80% in the visible light region. Single junction a-Si：H solar cell based on the double-layer ZnO：In as front electrode is also investigated.

桉木屑颗粒燃料固体桥结构构建与燃烧特性研究

在成型燃料内部构建固体桥结构可有效改善其物理品质,利用不同粒径桉木屑构建了具有固体桥结构的颗粒燃料,并进一步研究了颗粒燃料的燃烧特性。提出的构建方法为同种原料不同粒径混配成型,在电子压力机上进行了粒径(0,1 mm]原料混配粒径(4 mm, 5 mm]原料的颗粒压缩成型实验,结果显示混配量5%~10%时颗粒内部长粒径粒子的交叉缠绕,可形成适量的固体桥结构,短粒径粒子填充饱满,粒子间结合紧密。较佳的混配量为5%,颗粒具有较高的松弛密度,为1 074.79 kg/m^(3),最高的Meyer强度,为23.93 MPa,最低的比能耗,为27.06 kJ/kg,平衡含水率为11.65%,吸水速率k为0.015 3 min^(-1)。在热分析仪上进行了成型颗粒燃烧实验,颗粒燃烧过程较为平稳且有所延长,在升温速率10~40℃/min的范围内,着火温度Ti在246.60~265.00℃之间,最大失重速率(dm/dτ)_(1max)在-6.84~-29.10%/min之间,综合燃烧指数S在7.26×10^(-12)~1.09×10^(-10)min^(-2)·K^(-3)之间。在X射线荧光光谱仪上分析了颗粒灰分的元素组成,预测颗粒燃烧时具有中等或较高的结渣沾污趋势。

球团配加钒钛磁铁精矿试验研究

为充分利用哈密地区钒钛磁铁精矿,进行了配加钒钛磁铁精矿球团试验及球团矿冶金性能试验。试验结果表明:钒钛精矿球团生球爆裂温度均大于600℃,可满足竖炉生产要求;与普通精矿相比,钒钛磁铁精矿需要更高的焙烧温度,本次试验将焙烧温度提高了50℃左右,但球团矿抗压强度仍略偏低;成品球团矿还原膨胀率在8.19%~12.09%;成品球团矿900℃还原度在54.50%~63.20%。

Fe_(2)O_(3)对高硅碱性球团固结性能的影响

深入研究Fe_(2)O_(3)对于高硅碱性球团生球以及成品球性能的影响,有助于促进基于我国铁矿资源特征的低碳炼铁技术发展。本文通过调整碱性球团用混合料中Fe_(2)O_(3)的含量,解析Fe_(2)O_(3)对高硅碱性球团生球、预热球和成品球性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电镜以及图像识别处理系统表征高硅碱性球团的微观矿相结构。结果表明:随着混匀矿中赤铁矿配比的提高,高硅碱性球团生球、预热球和成品球的抗压强度均有所降低,随着Fe_(2)O_(3)配比的升高,成球性能劣化,生球的抗压强度降低至9.04 N/P。赤铁矿连晶固结性能变差,成品球的强度降低至3433 N/P。当两种矿粉的配比为50%时,球团孔隙率急剧增大为32.8%,A矿粉配比不宜超过40%。微观矿相结果表明,随着Fe_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,球团内部小颗粒尺寸晶粒变多,大颗粒尺寸晶粒减少,平均颗粒面积减少,晶粒间连晶性能变差,固结性能削弱,内部孔隙率提高。在制备高硅碱性球团时,含Fe_(2)O_(3)的精矿粉配加不宜太高,会对球团矿的固结性能产生不利影响。

生物质三组分对成型颗粒物理性能的影响

为探究生物质三组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)对成型颗粒物理性能的影响,以棉秆、木屑以及生物质三组分为研究对象,单独或按一定掺混比例混合后制备成型颗粒,使用电子万能材料试验机分析了成型颗粒的表观密度和抗压强度,利用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了生物质成型前后分子结构的变化。结果表明:纤维素直接影响成型颗粒的抗压强度,半纤维素和木质素主要作为黏结剂,协同纤维素间接提高成型颗粒的抗压强度。向棉秆中加入纤维素或半纤维素后,其混合成型颗粒中的C—OH官能团均明显提高,且产生了新的C=C官能团,有利于形成分子间作用力和提高分子结构的稳定性,增强成型颗粒的物理性能。

不同配矿结构下碱度对生球性能及干燥特性的影响

鄂州球团造球原料粒度和SiO_(2)含量随外购矿种类变化和配矿方案调整波动较大,在生产碱性球团时,需要考虑配矿结构对球团性能的影响。针对上述问题,本研究以5种鄂州球团生产用料为研究对象,通过改变造球原料配比与熔剂添加量,调整原料结构与碱度,查明不同配矿结构下碱度对生球性能和干燥特性的影响。结果表明,当MUSA精矿占比为50%时,生球性能较优,在碱度为0.8条件下分别使用石灰石、活性灰和石小粒作为熔剂时,3种碱度的生球落下强度分别为6.9、6.4和5.9次/(0.5 m),抗压强度分别为23.5、26.0和23.2 N/P,爆裂温度大于450℃。当干燥时间为10 min,各方案碱性生球均干燥完成,干燥速率略慢于自然碱度生球(8 min左右)。

TiO_(2)含量对熔剂性球团冶金性能及矿相结构的影响

为促进低硅含钛铁精粉在球团焙烧—高炉炼铁流程中的高效利用,本文以带式焙烧机球团生产线生产的熔剂性球团为试验对象,基于不同TiO_(2)含量球团特性条件,探索熔剂性球团的适宜钛含量,重点研究不同TiO_(2)含量条件下的熔剂性球团冶金性能和微观结构的变化。结果表明:当TiO_(2)质量分数超过1.0%时,熔剂性球团抗压强度出现降低趋势,从2 772 N/P降低至2 530 N/P;1 h还原度从62.9%提高至66.9%;还原膨胀指数稳定在9%以内;低温还原粉化率出现明显降低,>6.3 mm值从89.3%降低为78.9%,>3.15 mm值从94.9%降低为88.7%,<0.05 mm值从4.2%提高至6.4%。在矿相结构方面,固相比例保持稳定,气孔率从30.29%提高至36.4%,且大气孔的数量显著增大,球体表面的致密度降低,液相比从22.72%降低至15.66%。因此,为保证熔剂性球团具备良好的冶金性能和矿相结构,其TiO_(2)质量分数不宜超过1.0%。

粒度对熔剂性球团冶金性能及矿相结构的影响

为提高熔剂性球团质量,解析不同粒度条件下球团性能的变化规律,本文以唐钢新区带式焙烧机球团生产线为研究对象,通过投笼造球试验和冶金性能检测等方式,分别对8.0~10.0、10.0~12.5、12.5~16.0、16.0~20.0 mm 4种粒度条件下球团冶金性能和矿相结构进行研究。结果表明:随着熔剂性球团粒度的逐渐提高,球团抗压强度从1767 N/P提高至3606 N/P,1 h还原度从78.5%降低至47.8%,还原膨胀指数略有降低,整体维持在12%以下,低温还原粉化指数(>6.3 mm)从87.8%降低至66.5%,低温还原粉化指数(>3.15 mm)从95%降低至87.2%,低温还原粉化指数(<0.5 mm)变化幅度较小,约为4%;随着熔剂性球团粒度的逐渐提高,气孔率降低,从38.93%降低为31.4%,液相率略有降低,固相比例显著提高,从41.05%提高至58.41%,致密度提高但液相率降低可能使得原本存在的链接状态失去效果,侧面减弱了熔剂性球团的低温还原粉化性能。因此,在熔剂性球团生产过程中应控制合适的球团粒度,改善熔剂性球团性能和微观结构,以便有利于高炉提产顺行。

Influence of secondary lining thickness on mechanical behaviours of double-layer lining in large-diameter shield tunnels

In large-diameter shield tunnels,applying the double-layer lining structure can improve the load-bearing properties and maintain the stability of segmental lining.The secondary lining thickness is a key parameter in the design of a double lining structure,which is worth being explored.Based on an actual large-diameter shield tunnel,loading model tests are carried out to investigate the effect of the secondary lining thickness on the mechanical behaviours of the double lining structure.The test results show that within the range of secondary lining thicknesses discussed,the load-bearing limit of the double-layer lining increases with growing secondary lining thickness.As a passive support,the secondary lining acts as an auxiliary load-bearing structure by contacting the segment.And changes in secondary lining thickness have a significant effect on the contact state between the segment and secondary lining,with both the contact pressure level and the contact area between the two varying.For double-layer lining structures in large-diameter shield tunnels,it is proposed that the stiffness of the secondary lining needs to be matched to the stiffness of the segment,as this allows them to have a coordinated deformation and a good joint load-bearing effect.

高比例球团矿高炉冶炼实践

为积极应对日益严峻的市场竞争和环保压力,国内钢铁企业不得不寻求新突破,相继开展高比例球团高炉冶炼的研究及实践来降低对烧结矿的依赖程度,谋求可持续发展空间。唐钢新区炼铁系统充分发挥自身优势,从项目规划、过程设计到生产组织,严格贯彻执行“工艺现代化、生产绿色化”的低碳减排理念,建设了国内首台套最大规模带式焙烧机氧化球团生产线,并在高炉设计之初就充分考虑了自身原燃料条件和高比例球团冶炼的特点,对炉型中的炉身、炉腰、炉缸等部位进行了设计优化。同时,通过优化调整装料制度、送风制度、造渣制度、热制度以及排料顺序等系列措施,形成了一套适应高比例球团矿冶炼条件的高炉炼铁操作技术,有效改善了炉缸工作状态,提高了炉况适应能力。2022年下半年,唐钢高炉燃料比平均完成513.2 kg/t^(-1),焦比完成374.2 kg/t^(-1),高炉利用系数达到2.92 t/(m^(3)·d),实现了高比例球团矿冶炼下的高炉长期稳定顺行,高炉主要技术经济指标的持续提升。

Ultrahigh-power electrochemical double-layer capacitors based on structurally integrated 3D carbon tube arrays

The rational design of electrodes is the key to achieving ultrahigh-power performance in electrochemical energy storage devices.Recently,we have constructed well-organized and integrated three-dimensional(3D)carbon tube(CT)grids(3D-CTGs)using a 3D porous anodic aluminum oxide template-assisted method as electrodes of electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),showing excellent frequency response performance.The unique design warrants fast ion migration channels,excellent electronic conductivity,and good structural stability.This study achieved one of the highest carbon-based ultrahigh-power EDLCs with the 3D-CTG electrodes,resulting in ultrahigh power of 437 and 1708 W·cm−3 with aqueous and organic electrolytes,respectively.Capacitors constructed with these electrodes would have important application prospects in the ultrahigh-power output.The rational design and fabrication of the 3D-CTGs electrodes have demonstrated their capability to build capacitors with ultrahighpower performance and open up new possibilities for applications requiring high-power output.

二氧化铀芯块结构设计改进研究进展

二氧化铀芯块的性能关系着核电厂的安全经济运行,其性能改进与提升受到了核燃料行业的持续关注。除工艺优化、掺杂改良之外,芯块的结构设计改进也是提升性能的重要方向。通过对二氧化铀芯块结构设计改进研究的综述,简要评述各改进方向的设计特点和性能提升情况,并在此基础上展望二氧化铀芯块结构设计改进的未来发展趋势。

高品质球团配矿结构工业生产试验研究

为寻求宣钢公司氢冶金气基竖炉球团实际生产最佳的原料结构和关键工艺参数控制范围等,通过开展球团配矿结构工业生产试验,对其生球性能、成品球团矿理化性能,以及气基竖炉气氛条件下的还原性能、还原膨胀、黏结性能等指标进行分析比对研究,明确了球团实际生产配矿最佳结构排序及适宜的关键工艺参数控制范围等,且通过试验表明,在现有工艺装备和技术操作水平条件下,公司生产氢冶金气基竖炉用球团矿是可行的,进而为气基竖炉项目投产后,能顺利实现达产、达效奠定基础保障,同时为后续球团原料结构再优化指明改进方向和提供借鉴。

Effects of SiO_(2) on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO_(2) content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO_(2) content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO_(2) content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO_(2) content increased.With increasing SiO_(2) content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.