Influence of Blade Number on the Performance of Hydraulic Turbines in the Transition Stage

To analyze the effect of blade number on the performance of hydraulic turbines during the transient stage in which theflow rate is not constant,six hydraulic turbines with different blade numbers are considered.The instantaneous hydraulic performance of the turbine and the pressure pulsation acting on the impeller are investigated numerically by using the ANSYS CFX software.The ensuing results are compared with the outcomes of experimental tests.It is shown that thefluctuation range of the pressure coefficient increases with time,but the corresponding range for the transient hydraulic efficiency decreases gradually when theflow velocity transits to larger values.During the transition to smallflow velocity,thefluctuation range of the pressure coefficient gradually decreases as time passes,but the correspondingfluctuation range of its transient hydraulic efficiency gradually becomes larger.Thefluctuation range in the Z9 case is small during the transition.The main frequency of transient hydraulic efficiency pulsation is equal to the blade frequency.At the main frequency,Z7 has the largest amplitude of the hydraulic efficiency pulsation,Z10 has the smallest amplitude,and the difference between Z7 and Z9 is limited.As the number of blades grows,the pressure pulsation during the transition process gradually decreases,but the pressure pulsation of Z10 at the volute tongue is larger.In the steady state,Z9 has the highest efficiency and in the transient stage,the pressure coefficientfluctuation range is small.Accordingly,for the hydraulic turbine Z9,the performance is optimal.

Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps, which affects the characteristics of pump heavily. At present, the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps, the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely. Therefore, the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades. The blade number is varied to 4, 6, 7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant. The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT. The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping, and their characteristics are tested in an open loop. The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied. The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head, efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%, 3.9% and 0.36 m, respectively. The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers. With the increase of blade number, the head of the model pumps increases too, the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated, but there are optimum values of blade number for each one. The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.

Parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on micro-Doppler features using CNN

This paper proposes a parity recognition of blade number and manoeuvre intention classification algorithm of rotor target based on the convolutional neural network(CNN) using micro Doppler features. Firstly, the time-frequency spectrograms are acquired from the radar echo by the short-time Fourier transform.Secondly, based on the obtained spectrograms, a seven-layer CNN architecture is built to recognize the blade-number parity and classify the manoeuvre intention of the rotor target. The constructed architecture contains a leaky rectified linear unit and a dropout layer to accelerate the convergence of the architecture and avoid over-fitting. Finally, the spectrograms of the datasets are divided into three different ratios, i.e., 20%, 33% and 50%,and the cross validation is used to verify the effectiveness of the constructed CNN architecture. Simulation results show that, on the one hand, as the ratio of training data increases, the recognition accuracy of parity and manoeuvre intention is improved at the same signal-to-noise ratio(SNR);on the other hand, the proposed algorithm also has a strong robustness: the accuracy can still reach 90.72% with an SNR of – 6 dB.

Experimental study of the effect of slotted blades on the Savonius wind turbine performance

This study investigates the effect of Reynolds number on the performance of Savonius wind turbine with slotted blades.The turbine performance investigation was based on the torque coefficient(Ct),power coefficient(Cp),and tip speed ratio(TSR).The experiment used two number of blade configuration,blade overlap ratio of 10%,12.5%and 20%,slotted position of 15%,20%,25%and 35%,and also slotted gap width of 3 mm,5 mm,7 mm,and 9 mm.The wind speed carried out in this experiment are 5.94 m/s,6.46 m/s,6.99 m/s,and 7.27 m/s,which are generated from the fan blowers as a wind source.The Savonius turbine with 10%overlap ratio shows the best performance.The highest Cp obtained is 0.138 by the variation of a 3 mm gap with Re of 1.44×10^(4) and 0.526 TSR.

Influences of attack angle and mach number on aerodynamic characters of typical sections of extra-long blade in a steam turbine

On super-sonic or trans-sonic planar cascade wind tunnel of free jet intermittent type, wind blowing experiments were performed on the typical sections of stator and rotor blades in the last stage of ultra-ultra-critical steam turbine with extra-long blade of 1200mm. The influences of attack angle and Mach number on the aerodynamic performances of these sections of the blade profiles were verified, and their operating ranges were also specified.

Design and Blade Number Ratio Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Radial-Inflow Turbine on Vehicle

The organic Rankine cycle is widely used in industrial waste heat, engine waste heat and other waste heat recovery applications, and as a key component of the system, it affects the efficiency and output power of the system. In this paper, a centripetal turbine is designed for the organic Rankine cycle, using vehicle exhaust gas as the heat source. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze the effect of the ratio of the number of guide vane blades to the number of impeller blades (vane number ratio) on the turbine performance and flow field. The results show that the effect of the number of impeller blades on the turbine entropy efficiency, the average exit velocity and the temperature of the guiding grate becomes less and less as the ratio of the number of blades increases. The optimum turbine performance is obtained when the number of impeller blades and the ratio of the number of blades are 17 and 1.5882, respectively, and the expansion performance of the guide impeller is improved and the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is improved by 3.84% compared with the preliminary number of blades.

Numerical Study on Low-Reynolds Compressible Flows around Mars Helicopter Rotor Blade Airfoil

High-speed rotor rotation under the low-density condition creates a special low-Reynolds compressible flow around the rotor blade airfoil where the compressibility effect on the laminar separated shear layer occurs. However, the compressibility effect and shock wave generation associated with the increase in the Mach number (M) and the trend change due to their interference have not been clarified. The purpose is to clear the compressibility effect and its impact of shock wave generation on the flow field and aerodynamics. Therefore, we perform a two-dimensional unsteady calculation by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using the CLF5605 airfoil used in the Mars helicopter Ingenuity, which succeeded in its first flight on Mars. The calculation conditions are set to the Reynolds number (Re) at 75% rotor span in hovering (Re = 15,400), and the Mach number was varied from incompressible (M = 0.2) to transonic (M = 1.2). The compressible fluid dynamics solver FaSTAR developed by the Japan aerospace exploration agency (JAXA) is used, and calculations are performed under multiple conditions in which the Mach number and angle of attack (α) are swept. The results show that a flow field is similar to that in the Earth’s atmosphere above M = 1.0, such as bow shock at the leading edge, whereas multiple λ-type shock waves are observed over the separated shear layer above α = 3° at M = 0.80. However, no significant difference is found in the Cp distribution around the airfoil between M = 0.6 and M = 0.8. From the results, it is found that multiple λ-type shock waves have no significant effect on the airfoil surface pressure distribution, the separated shear layer effect is dominant in the surface pressure change and aerodynamic characteristics.

叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响

为丰富无轴泵喷推进器噪声性能优化理论,研究了叶片数对无轴泵喷推进器性能的影响,重点探究了不同叶片数下无轴泵喷推进器内的压力脉动变化规律。基于计算流体力学中的有限体积法离散RANS方程,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭计算模型,采用SIMPLEC进行压力-速度耦合,对不同叶片数下的无轴泵喷推进器内部流场进行了非定常数值模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了详细的对比分析。研究结果表明:随叶片数的增加,无轴泵喷推进器模型的扬程、效率和推力均逐渐增大,叶片表面压力分布更加均匀,叶轮轮缘和中部的压力脉动均明显降低,叶轮进出口主频处的压力脉动幅值从轮缘向中心逐渐减小。

几何参数对轮缘推进器水动力性能影响的研究

轮缘推进器是近年来发展起来的一种无轴组合式特种推进器。与传统推进器相比,轮缘推进器在水动力设计和性能分析方面存在诸多挑战,水动力性能的研究对轮缘推力器的设计和应用具有重要意义。为了研究几何参数对轮缘推力器水动力性能的影响,本文以7叶轮缘驱动推力器为基本模型,基于面元法原理,利用编译的面元法代码对轮缘推力器在开阔水域的工作状态进行了数值模拟。通过求解每个面元的速度场,计算了水动力性能和叶片表面压力分布。此外,本文选择了几个典型的几何特征,如螺距比和叶片数,通过进行变参数分析,比较了不同几何参数下轮缘推力器的敞水性能。结果表明:本文的相关研究对轮缘推力器的设计和开发具有参考价值。

导叶叶片数对喷水推进泵瞬态特性的影响

为揭示喷水推进泵不同导叶叶片数时的瞬态特性规律,基于DES混合模拟和FEM声学有限元方法,对喷水推进泵流场和声场进行数值模拟,并进行试验,验证了瞬态特性数值计算方法的准确性,研究了不同导叶叶片数(Z=5,6,7)对喷水推进泵推力、压力脉动、内流诱导噪声等性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着导叶叶片数增大,喷水推进泵推力先减小后增大,流量逐渐减小,转矩逐渐增大;导叶叶片数对叶轮出口压力脉动分布规律影响较小,对压力脉动主频处幅值有较大影响,轮毂处压力脉动幅值受导叶叶片数增大先减小后增大,轮缘和流道中心处幅值随着导叶叶片数增大逐渐减小;导叶叶片数变化会改变内流诱导噪声主频,增大导叶叶片数有利于降低喷水推进泵内流诱导噪声主频处幅值和总声压级.

叶片结构参数对涡流分级机分级性能的影响

为了探究叶片安装角度与叶片数量对涡流分级机分级性能的影响,对6种不同叶片结构的分级轮进行了数值模拟研究。制备了4种不同叶片结构的分级轮分别加工金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素,并得出各个物料的分割粒径、分级精度作为评价涡流分级机性能的指标。结果表明:可通过增加叶片数量与偏移叶片安装角度,达到对环形分级区内外流场的优化效果以保证物料分级的顺利进行。叶片安装角度由15°提升至60°、叶片数量由72片降至48片后,金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素切割尺寸分别由2.45 m、1.679 m和2.822 m降低至2.147 m、1.427 m和1.816 m;金属硅、碳酸钙和碳素的分级精度分别由37.44%、40.48%和40.94%变化至38.58%、40.38%和45.00%。叶片安装角度变化对分级性能影响更为显著。

导叶叶片数对LNG四级潜液泵轴向力及首级叶轮流场的影响研究

应用CFD技术研究了导叶叶片数对LNG潜液泵首级叶轮压力和轴向力分布的影响,对一、三级导叶同时设计7、8、9三种叶片数,采用K-epsilon湍流模型进行了多工况数值模拟,并采用液氮工质进行了相关外特性试验验证,得到LNG泵内部首级叶轮压力分布以及轴向力特性。结果表明:潜液泵所受总轴向力在导叶数为8时最小,泵的整体效率最优。作用在首级叶轮上后盖板的轴向力大于前盖板。其中,导叶数为8时首级叶轮前后盖板轴向力最小,压力分布最均匀;而导叶数为9时,与叶轮叶片数9相同,运转时会有共同的倍频出现,在相同的倍频上振动累加,并诱发共振,导致前后盖板的轴向受力最大,叶轮前盖板所受轴向力相对于其他方案平均增加了3.45%;后盖板轴向受力绝对值平均增加1.88%。综上,导叶数为8时潜液泵的水力效率最优。

Optimization of a Pipeline-Type Savonius Hydraulic Turbine

This study focuses on a DN50 pipeline-type Savonius hydraulic turbine.The torque variation of the turbine in a rotation cycle is analyzed theoretically in the framework of the plane potential flow theory.Related numerical simulations show that the change in turbine torque is consistent with the theoretical analysis,with the main power zone and the secondary power zone exhibiting a positive torque.In contrast,the primary resistance zone and the secondary resistance zone are characterized by a negative torque.Analytical relationships between the turbine’s internal flow angleθ,the deflector’s inclination angleα0,and the coverage angleαof the power zone are introduced,and a method for calculating the optimal number of blades is proposed to maximize the power zone.Results are presented about performance tests conducted on five groups of hydraulic turbines with the blade number ranging from 3 to 7.Such results indicate that both the turbine’s recovery power and efficiency attain the highest values when the blade number is 4,which is in agreement with the number of blades calculated by the proposed method.Additionally,the study examines the effects of the flow rate on turbine parameters and the projected energy generation and cost savings for a specific pipeline configuration.

进口雷诺数和湍流度对压气机叶栅流动特性影响

针对高空条件下,无人机发动机的压气机气动性能明显下降的问题,本文以某高亚声速压气机叶型V103为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了3种雷诺数(Re=1.5×10^(5),4.5×10^(5),1.2×106)条件下,不同来流湍流度(Tu=1%,3%,5%,6%,7.5%,10%)对压气机叶栅内部流动特性的影响,分析了流动分离和转捩之间的变化关系,以及由此引起的叶型损失变化规律。研究结果表明:当湍流度不变时,随着雷诺数减小,分离泡长度增加,但分离点位置不变;当雷诺数不变,湍流度减小,层流分离点位置会提前,并且前移现象在低雷诺数下更明显;当湍流度增加,叶片表面分离泡消失,但损失仍然呈现出随着湍流度增加而增大的趋势;在不同雷诺数条件下,都存在一个对应于最小叶型损失的来流湍流度,且该湍流度随着雷诺数的减小而略有增大。本文为修正低雷诺数条件下压气机叶型损失模型和发展预测压气机高空低雷诺数效应的数值模型提供理论指导。

多层互剪搅拌桩工法的工艺因素模型试验研究

采用模型试验方法,对多层互剪搅拌桩工法(contra-rotational shear deep soil mixing,简称CS-DSM工法)的工艺因素进行了试验研究,探索了水泥掺量、单位桩长搅拌次数T、单位体积搅拌能量E以及内外钻杆转速比RN等工艺因素对搅拌桩均匀性与强度UCS的影响。模型试验研究发现,通过多层互剪搅拌能够根除地表冒浆、防止糊钻抱钻、提高固化材料利用率。18组模型试验结果阐明搅拌桩在T-E-UCS之间存在固有关联,并揭示出机械参数、输出能量与桩身强度之间的本质关系。提供的计算方法可以定性指导选取合理的工艺参数,实现桩身设计强度目标。作为重要工艺因素,内外钻杆转速比RN与桩身强度试验曲线存在极值点,建议在工程中将1.80~2.20作为获取桩身峰值强度的最优RN值域。CS-DSM工法应用的系列研究结果为高质量搅拌桩工艺控制原则和质量保障体系提供了试验依据。

基于BP神经网络的刀片切割竹枝性能研究

为探究竹枝切割时的刀片切割性能影响因素,支持后续打枝装置的设计,开展竹枝切割刀片性能研究试验,通过单因素试验研究,利用切割阻力作为衡量标准,探究刀片切割性能与关键参数(刀片的滑动角、楔角和滑动速度)之间的相互关系。试验结果显示,随着刀片滑动角和楔角的减小,刀片切割性能呈现明显改善。同时,随着刀片滑动速度的增加,切割性能也呈现相应提升趋势。在多组实验中,采用不同的刀片滑切角度、楔角和滑切速度参数,对不同直径尺寸的竹枝进行切割,并收集了切割阻力的数据构成数据集,构建一个3层BP神经网络模型,研究了刀片切割性能与滑切角度、楔角以及滑切速度之间的关联,并应用相关模型进行了拟合和预测。在BP神经网络中,当隐含层节点数设定为9时,成功建立了刀片切割阻力模型,精准地预测了刀片切割过程中的阻力变化,对刀片切割竹枝性能研究具有一定参考价值。

燃料电池用高转速空压机叶轮的设计与参数优化

本文设计了一种燃料电池用高转速空压机,采用CFD方法对其气动性能进行仿真计算,得出空压机性能曲线,通过研究不同叶轮参数下空压机的性能变化,进而实现对叶轮的优化。首先是研究单一参数分别对空压机性能的影响,参数包括叶片数量、叶轮出口宽度和叶顶间隙,然后考虑多参数之间的相互作用,采用正交实验法分析了多参数下空压机的性能变化。

基于叶片数量分析的离心风机工作性能研究

为了解决6-30型离心风机运行时效率低、噪声大的问题,在对风机叶片数量对风机性能影响机理进行分析的基础上,利用CFD流体仿真分析软件对不同叶片数量下风机运行状态和噪声情况进行了模拟。结果表明,当风机叶片数量为11片时具有最佳的性能,其运行全压比优化前提升了7.3%;运行效率比优化前提升了1.64%;运行噪声比优化前降低了1.2 dB。

Effect of Turning Angle on Flow Field Performance of Linear Bowed Stator in Compressor at Low Mach Number

A comparison of the results of a computational simulation and an experimental measurement indicates a good agreement between them： the bowed blade lowers the energy loss coefficient of engine by 11% in the simulation and by 13% in the measurement. To further discuss the application conditions of bowed blade in compressor, with incidence equal to zero and other boundary conditions unchanged, a computational investigations on four series of linear stators with different aerofoil turning angles are achieved. It is found that the bowed blade has much positive effect in high airfoil turning angle cascade, for example, the optimal retrofit of 30° bow angle highly reduces the energy loss coefficient by 17.9%, when the aerofoil turning angle is 59.5 °. But the optimal retrofit of 15° has only 0.7% reduction when the aerofoil turning angle is 39.5°, or even the compressor performance will get worse with the bow angle gradually increasing. Consequently, it is verified that the turning angle is one of the important factors to decide whether to apply the bowed blade into compressor at low Math number.

叶片数对混流泵作透平特性的影响

为研究叶片数对混流泵作透平性能的影响,在叶轮其他主要几何参数不变的情况下,应用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS CFX对叶片数分别为6,7,8,9,10,11,12的泵作透平进行数值计算,得到不同叶片数时混流泵作透平的外特性曲线、内流压力场、速度流线场、湍动能分布等.通过对比分析,得到叶片数对混流泵作透平的影响规律.结果表明:叶片数对混流泵作透平的扬程、轴功率有一定影响,叶片数Z=8时透平效率最高;随着叶片数逐渐增大,叶片对流体的约束能力加强,叶轮进口处的旋涡区域逐渐变小,内部流动得到改善;叶片数越大,湍流集中现象越明显,叶片进口处的湍动能越小,湍流动能分布越均匀;叶片数过大不利于混流泵作透平性能的提升,即存在最佳叶片数Z=8使得透平的性能达到最佳.