Promoting or Inhibiting?Influence of Railway Container Transportation on Regional Economic Development

In the context of building a country with a strong transportation network,railway container transportation(RCT)is an important means of reducing costs,increasing efficiency,and adjusting transportation structures.Thus,its impact on regional economic development is important.Based on data from railway container-handling stations and spatial econometric models,this study discusses the differences in the development of RCT and their impact on regional economic development at different leves.This study has three main findings:first,there are significant regional differences in the development of the RCT.The intra-regional differences between the eastern and central regions of China(which do not include Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)are gradually narrowing,while the regional differences in the western region are widening.Meanwhile,the intra-regional differences in important economic zones such as Pearl River Delta Economic Zone(PRDEZ),Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone(CYEZ),Bohai Rim Economic Zone(BHEZ),and Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone(YRDEZ)are narrowing daily.Second,the development differences of RCT in regional level and important economic regions level show different trends.The unbalanced features of large regions are increasingly evident,whereas the differences in economic regions are decreasing.However,the problem of overlapping RCT remains prominent.Third,the transformation of RCT development mode and fierce competition among transportation modes cause RCT to have a restraining effect on the regional economy at three levels.Rational allocation of resources and other means must be used to guide the transformation from inhibition to promotion,and by formulating targeted policies that will promote the development of RCT,which will improve the transportation structure and help construct a country with a strong transportation system.

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.

Transportation Capacity:Chinese Ports Take the Lead——Outlook of Container Throughput at Global Top 20 Ports in 2014

According to Outlook of Container Throughput at Global Top 20 Ports in2014 released by Center for Forecasting Science(CEFS),Chinese Academy of Sciences,the transportation capacity will keep raise after new container vessels brought into service.In sum,the global transportation market will still face uncertainties in 2014.The global economy faces challenges The global economy in 2014

A Design of Information Teaching in Container Transport

The teaching design is based on the task of "Container Transport" in the course of"English for International Shipping Business", aiming to discuss Design of information teaching in Business English Class. MOSO TEACH, CFNET platform,Cartoon have been applied in the design. Informationalized teaching has brought the vividness and dramatic effect to the knowledgebased class.

Performance Comparisons of Five Different SPF Mouse Transport Containers

[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subsequent improvement of transport containers.[Methods]In this study,5 different transport containers were selected,and their microbial filtration performance,ventilation,sterilization method and flux,and other related design and construction were analyzed.[Results]The results showed all 5 SPF mouse transport containers can provide enough air for the survival of mouse and protect them from bacterial infections.Transport container B and D are superior to others on one-time sterilization flux and deformation degree after autoclaving.Furthermore,taking into account the related design and construction of these transport containers,such as viewing window and carrying handle,the result of comprehensive comparison is that the transport container D>A>E>C>B.[Conclusions]In summary,the 5 SPF transport containers tested in this study can all satisfy the basic demand of SPF mouse transportation,but each transport container has its own advantages and disadvantages on storage space,deformation degree after autoclaving and other aspects.Thus,SPF mouse transport containers should be selected by different demand.

Discussion on the Logistics Construction of Railway Container Freight Stations

From the perspective of logistics, the article discusses some essential functions and service functions of railway container freight stations. Then it plans the construction of the logistics operation system of container freight stations, and designs five main operating yards such as deconsolidation and groupage .yard, storage and distribution yard, container receiving-departure yard, container stack yard, and special cargo yard. The management pattern is discussed under the direction of modern business management theory. The ideas presented in this article is significant to the construction of railway container freight stations.

Study on the Impact of the Panama Canal Expansion on the Distribution of Container Liner Routes

The expansion of the Panama Canal will have a profound impact on the container shipping route network, port layout and ship structure, and promote the evolution of the global shipping pattern. However, most of the research on the expansion of the Panama Canal currently stays before its real expansion, and the quantitative analysis is less and the result is not accurate, because previous research used data that expanded before. Based on the actual data after the expansion of the Panama Canal, this paper uses the dual-target route distribution model to analyze the expansion of the Panama Canal. The changes in the liner shipping plan that have a greater impact on the shipping industry will provide the relevant theoretical basis for the relevant entities. The results show that after the expansion of the Panama Canal, the largest 15,000 TEU container ship is currently deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. 6500 TEU ship type is also deployed on the route through the Panama Canal. The 8500 TEU, 10,500 TEU, and 12,500 TEU ship types are mainly deployed through the Suez Canal. On the route, such a distribution plan can maximize the benefits for the shipping company.

Usefulness of Agarose Mold as a Storage Container for Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Cartilage

The efficiency of substance exchange may be decreased when the thickness and volume of such a tissue-engineered cartilage that is composed of cultured cells and porous scaffold increase. Moreover, during the transport of this construct with complicated shapes, excessive and focal mechanical loading may cause deformation. The establishment of incubation and transport methods is necessary for the three-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage. Therefore, we investigated the preparation of an agarose mold with a concavity similar to the shape of 3-dimensional tissue-engineered cartilage to prevent excessive and focal concentration of stress, while avoiding interference with substance exchange as much as possible. Firstly, we investigated the preparation at 1% - 4% agarose concentrations. Since the mechanical strength was insufficient at 1%, 2% was regarded as appropriate. Using 2% agarose, we prepared a mold with a 5 × 5 × 5 mm concavity to accommodate tissue-engineered cartilage (5 × 5 × 5 mm mixture of 1.5 × 107 cells and collagen gel), and stored the regenerative cartilage in it for 2 and 24 hours. On comparison with storage in a plastic mold with the same shape in which substance exchanged from side and bottom was impossible, although no significant differences were noted in the number or viability of cells after 2 hours, these were markedly reduced in the plastic mold after 24 hours. It was confirmed that favorable cell numbers and viability were maintained by immediately retaining the regenerative cartilage in the culture medium in the agarose mold and keeping the temperature at 37°C. Since this agarose mold also buffers against mechanical forces loaded on the three-dimensional regenerative tissue, it may be useful as a container for storage and transport of large-sized three-dimensional regenerative tissue.

一种新燃料运输容器结构设计与验证

目的为厂外安全运输我国自主研发的三代核电机组“华龙一号”堆型所使用的新燃料组件(CF系列新燃料组件),设计了一种新燃料运输容器。方法从结构安全性及使用便利性2方面对容器结构设计进行阐述,通过计算分析论证此新燃料运输容器的结构安全性,并结合容器力学试验及耐热试验对计算分析结果进行验证。结果经过试验验证,此新燃料运输容器试验结果与计算分析结果相吻合。结论结果证明此新燃料运输容器结构安全、临界安全、热工安全、屏蔽安全及包容安全性能能够满足GB 11806—2019和IAEA SSR-6对AF型Ⅱ级(黄)货包的要求,能够保证华龙一号新燃料组件的安全运输。

新型铁路集装箱装卸线作业自动化交接方案研究

国内已建设多处港口自动化码头铁路装卸线,由于铁路与港口在管理、作业交接体系的差异,尚无成熟可靠先进的管理经验与技术经验用于解决系统间的作业交接问题,因此容易造成铁路与港口间作业的安全生产隐患、责任交接不清、作业界面相互干扰、作业效率低下问题。结合集装箱多式联运铁路集装箱货场的运输方式及特点,提出一种新型自动化铁路集装箱装卸线作业交接控制方法,通过优化机车车载系统,利用应答器、轨道区段占用检查等技术,基于“故障-安全”的原则,实现集装箱装卸线作业的自动化交接。

移动终端在铁水联运安全交接系统中的应用

介绍目前具备铁水联运条件的港口集装箱取送作业流程,分析其中存在的问题,并提出通过在铁路装卸场站与自动化集装箱码头建设安全交接系统,同时研究移动终端在该系统中的应用,以此来提高集装箱取送流程的作业效率及安全性。

Joint slot allocation and dynamic pricing of container sea-rail multimodal transportation

The container sea-rail multimodal transport system faces complex challenges with de- mand uncertainties for joint slot allocation and dynamic pricing. The challenge is formulated as a two-stage optimal model based on revenue management （RM） as actual slots sale of multi-node container sea-rail multimodal transport usually includes contract sale to large shippers and free sale to scattered shippers. First stage in the model utilizes an origin-destination control approach, formulated as a stochastic integer programming equation, to settle long-term slot allocation in the contract market and empty container allocation. Second stage in the model is formulated as a stochastic nonlinear programming equation to solve a multiproduct joint dynamic pricing and inventory control problem for price settling and slot allocation in each period of free market. Considering the random nature of demand, the methods of chance constrained programming and robust optimi- zation are utilized to transform stochastic models into deterministic models. A numerical experiment is presented to verify the availability of models and solving methods. Results of considering uncertain/certain demand are compared, which show that the two-stage optimal strategy integrating slot allocation with dynamic pricing considering random de- mand is revealed to increase the revenue for multimodal transport operators （MTO） while concurrently satisfying shippers＇ demand. Research resulting from this paper will contribute to the theory and practice of container sea-rail multimodal transport revenue management and provide a scientific decision-making tool for MTO.

Delphi-Based Planning Approach in the Maritime Transport Chain

The objective of this paper is to illustrate behavioural aspects and a collaborative Delphi-based planning approach in the maritime transport chain. Therefore, this paper analyses changes in behavioural routines and governance structures in the maritime transport chain using a case study that depicts mutual projections of expected container transhipment moderated by a neutral third for reducing the uncertainty in planning within the whole maritime transport chain. The actors＇ different views on container transport are collected and directly confronted to an expert panel showing bounded rationality and thus asymmetric information can be circumvented The planning approach shows how actors＇ different internal planning can be improved and evident to the market. The whole maritime transport chain expects the future development in container transport which can be given by using collaborative Delphi-based planning. As a result, an overall picture for planning issues can be constituted, improving both individual planning of the actors and expected market growth.

Organic Electrofluorescent Materials Using Pyridine-Containing Macrocyclic Compounds

Novel pyridine-containing macrocyclic compounds, such as 6,12,19,25-tetramethyl-7,11,20,24-dinitrilo-dibenzo [b,m]1,4,12,15-tetra-azacyclodoc osine （TMCD）, were synthesized and used as electron transport layer in organic electroluminescent devices. Devices with a structure of glass/indium-tin oxide/arylamine derivative/ tris（quinolinolato）aluminum（Ⅲ） （Alq）/TMCD/LiF/Al exhibited green emission from the Alq layer with external quantum efficiency of 0.84% and luminous efficiency of 1.3 lm/W. The derivatives of TMCD were synthesized and characterized as well. These compounds were also found to be useful as the electron-transporting materials in organic electroluminescent devices.

RFID Application in Global Container Transportation

This article introduces the problems of container transportation, then analyzes the RFID application in container transportation management. It gives some suggestions to improve the trade actuality, ensure the trade security and promote the efficiency of logistics. Although there are some limitations to generalize this technology, the cheap standardized RFID system will serve global ports with the development of the information technology.

带时间窗的中心站多车程集卡调度优化研究

为解决铁路集装箱中心站与周边货源地间的公铁联运多车程集卡集疏调度问题,将货源地的每一集装箱集疏需求视为一个任务节点,以集卡调度总成本最小为目标,综合考虑集卡容量和集装箱集疏时间窗等约束,构建允许同一集卡重复利用的多车程集卡调度优化模型,并设计改进的遗传算法求解该模型。为均衡集卡工作时间,以调度模型确定的最佳集卡数量和车程集合为输入,进一步构建以集卡作业时间之差最小为目标的集卡车程分配模型,并借助Gurobi精确求解每一集卡的最佳车程任务。以郑州铁路集装箱中心站为例进行实验验证,结果表明:本文所提方法能有效解决公铁联运集装箱在集疏环节的集卡调度问题;相较于单车程模式,多车程模式下集卡调度成本平均减少了60.31%;车程分配优化可以将集卡作业时间最大差值减少14.3%以上,提高了集卡作业时间的均衡性。

不确定运价下长江集装箱多式联运路径优化

为充分贴合长江集装箱多式联运场景,在分析长江多式联运组织特点的基础上,考虑不确定运价及不同航段航道通航条件影响,以包含运输周转成本、碳排放成本和时间成本在内的总成本最小化为目标,构建不确定条件下长江集装箱多式联运路径优化模型,并设计蒙特卡洛仿真与改进的狼群算法实现模型求解,最后通过算例分析验证改进的狼群算法的有效性。算例分析结果表明,公路运输能有效控制运输的时间成本,铁路与水路运输在运输经济性与绿色性方面更具优势。在长江航道通航能力与最大中转次数限制下,运输任务将选择较高成本运输方案以满足航道与托运人要求。

集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性分析

为分析集装箱港口集疏运重卡电动化的经济性,考虑购置税优惠、补贴、贷款、排放成本等因素,建立广义总拥有成本现值估算模型,构建经济性分析指标,并分析“购买底盘+电池”(方案1)和“购买底盘+租赁电池”(方案2)的经济性。结果表明,在设定条件下,无论是否考虑排放成本,两种方案都不具经济性,但考虑排放成本能有效缓解重卡电动化的成本劣势。当考虑排放成本且其他因素不变时,若电池租金<5.61万元,或电价≤1.28元/(kW·h),或油价≥8.48元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.40 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.34 (kW·h)/km,方案2具有经济性。类似地,若使方案1具有经济性,应满足电池价格<22.11万元,或电价<1.23元/(kW·h),或油价>8.72元/L,或柴油重卡能耗强度≥0.41 L/km,或电动重卡能耗强度≤1.28 (kW·h)/km。免征电动重卡购置税能有效改善两种方案的经济性指标。调增单位排放成本或电动重卡补贴额度虽能确保两种方案都具有经济性,但其所需调增幅度较高,可能增加重卡司机或政府的经济负担。

双高箱办理站装卸设备协同调度研究

为提高双高箱列车装卸作业效率,针对双高箱办理站不设主作业区、“完全间接装卸”、装卸作业多流向及出站箱同步转运的特点,考虑设备能力、作业序列、轨道吊安全距离约束等现实约束,详细拆分设备间的衔接、共用及等待时间构成,以最小化完成装卸作业用时、装卸线轨道吊等待时间最小化和作业均衡率最大化为优化目标,构建轨道吊、AGV、空箱堆垛机和智能举升机间的协同调度模型,并基于遗传算法和模拟退火算法设计混合算法求解模型。通过实例验证模型及算法的有效性、混合算法和多目标协同优化的优越性,分析表明双高箱办理站布局及装卸作业模式可行,优化指标间两两无单向相关性。最后通过灵敏度分析验证模型可用于装卸设备配置优化,以实现双高箱办理站低成本高效运作。

考虑零碳航线的集装箱运输网络抗毁性研究

随着世界各国对航运碳排放的重视,零碳航线作为减少碳排放的创新方式备受关注。集装箱运输过程可以利用复杂网络拓扑的形式呈现,虽然零碳航线的加入不会改变航运网络的结构,但由于零碳航线上港口的独特性质和作用,会对集装箱运输网络产生一定影响。本文根据港口实际数据构建引入零碳航线的集装箱运输网络模型,以网络效率、最大联通子图规模、绿色港口抗毁性指数这3个指标衡量网络的抗毁性能。通过模拟实验选择蓄意攻击触发网络级联效应,分析容量参数、绿色港口数、负载分配系数对集装箱运输网络抗毁性的影响。结果表明,零碳航线的加入对集装箱运输网络抗毁性能影响较大;25%的港口为绿色港口时,能兼顾网络的三方面抗毁性能,包括网络全局效率、绿色港口抗毁性指数和最大连通子图规模;负载分配系数为4时能够提高运输网络的抗毁性能,削弱零碳航线加入造成的影响。重要节点受到攻击后,网络效率、最大联通子图规模均大幅度下降。