The biological intracellular vesicles, formed from the cell membrane or from different cell organelles, play a main role in the intracellular transport, transfer and exchange of molecules and information. Extracellula...The biological intracellular vesicles, formed from the cell membrane or from different cell organelles, play a main role in the intracellular transport, transfer and exchange of molecules and information. Extracellular vesicles are also detected in organisms belonging to any of the three main branches of evolution, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. There is an increasing consensus that these vesicles are important mediators of intercellular communication. All the intracellular and extracellular vesicles present a characteristic lipid composition and organization that governs their formation, targeting and function. This paper gives an overview of the lipid chemical and physical structure, strongly related to their biological function. The properties and role of the different types of lipids from membranes and vesicles are described. Then, their physical structure is shown as self-associated in a bilayer and organized as a lyotropic liquid crystal. The present paper underlies the structural similarity between these biological vesicles and a new synthetic material, the “liquid crystalline fullerodendrimers” obtained from the biological model. It is composed of a basket of carbon associated with a liquid crystalline material and has been shown to exhibit highly efficient properties of information transfer. Our observation stresses the essential role of the liquid crystalline structure of lipids in their function as biological nanovehicles of information. The comparison with the synthetic material contributes to a better understanding of the role of lipids for cell communication in living organisms.展开更多
A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials ...A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.展开更多
The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited...The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.展开更多
在真核细胞中,囊泡介导的蛋白质转运是一个高度可控的多步骤过程。在囊泡与靶细胞器膜成分融合之前,许多因子参与了它们之间的特异性识别和拴系。其中大部分由多亚基复合体或卷曲螺旋蛋白构成的拴系因子,在小G蛋白的协助下,介导了囊泡...在真核细胞中,囊泡介导的蛋白质转运是一个高度可控的多步骤过程。在囊泡与靶细胞器膜成分融合之前,许多因子参与了它们之间的特异性识别和拴系。其中大部分由多亚基复合体或卷曲螺旋蛋白构成的拴系因子,在小G蛋白的协助下,介导了囊泡与靶细胞器膜成分之间最初的结合。转运蛋白颗粒(transport protein particle,TRAPP)复合体就是一种广泛参与囊泡在细胞内转运的多亚基拴系因子。本文将就TRAPP复合体结构与功能的最新研究进展及与TRAPP复合体基因突变相关疾病做一简单综述和总结。展开更多
文摘The biological intracellular vesicles, formed from the cell membrane or from different cell organelles, play a main role in the intracellular transport, transfer and exchange of molecules and information. Extracellular vesicles are also detected in organisms belonging to any of the three main branches of evolution, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. There is an increasing consensus that these vesicles are important mediators of intercellular communication. All the intracellular and extracellular vesicles present a characteristic lipid composition and organization that governs their formation, targeting and function. This paper gives an overview of the lipid chemical and physical structure, strongly related to their biological function. The properties and role of the different types of lipids from membranes and vesicles are described. Then, their physical structure is shown as self-associated in a bilayer and organized as a lyotropic liquid crystal. The present paper underlies the structural similarity between these biological vesicles and a new synthetic material, the “liquid crystalline fullerodendrimers” obtained from the biological model. It is composed of a basket of carbon associated with a liquid crystalline material and has been shown to exhibit highly efficient properties of information transfer. Our observation stresses the essential role of the liquid crystalline structure of lipids in their function as biological nanovehicles of information. The comparison with the synthetic material contributes to a better understanding of the role of lipids for cell communication in living organisms.
基金supported by the Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BD/148771/2019,2021.05914.BD, PTDC/BTM-MAT/4738/2020)the European Research CouncilDERC Starting Grant (848325).
文摘A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925304,51903175,and 51973133).
文摘The invasion of etched dentinal tubules(DTs)by external substances induces dentin hypersensitivity(DH).The deep and compact occlusion of DTs is highly desirable for treating DH but still challenging due to the limited penetrability and mineralization capacities of most current desensitizers.Matrix vesicles(MVs)participate in the regulation of ectopic mineralization.Herein,ectopic MV analogs are prepared by employing natural cell membranes to endow mineral precursors with natural biointerfaces and integrated biofunctions for stimulating dentin remineralization.The analogs quickly access DTs(>20μm)in only 5 min and further penetrate deep into the interior of DTs(an extraordinary~200μm)in 7 days.Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the DTs are efficiently sealed by the newly formed minerals(>50μm)with excellent resistance to wear and acid erosion,which is significantly deeper than most reported values.After repair,the microhardness of the damaged dentin can be recovered to those of healthy dentin.For the first time,cell membrane coating nanotechnology is used as a facile and efficient therapy for in-depth remineralization of DTs in treating DH with thorough and long-term effects,which provides insights into their potential for hard tissue repair.
文摘在真核细胞中,囊泡介导的蛋白质转运是一个高度可控的多步骤过程。在囊泡与靶细胞器膜成分融合之前,许多因子参与了它们之间的特异性识别和拴系。其中大部分由多亚基复合体或卷曲螺旋蛋白构成的拴系因子,在小G蛋白的协助下,介导了囊泡与靶细胞器膜成分之间最初的结合。转运蛋白颗粒(transport protein particle,TRAPP)复合体就是一种广泛参与囊泡在细胞内转运的多亚基拴系因子。本文将就TRAPP复合体结构与功能的最新研究进展及与TRAPP复合体基因突变相关疾病做一简单综述和总结。