Dual-negative-objective Coordinated Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator under Unbalanced Grid Voltage

This article proposes a dual-negative-objective coordinated control strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generator(BDFIG)based wind power generation system under unbalanced grid voltage.To alleviate the mechanical stress and impaction on rotating shaft,the negative control objective(NCO)of machine side converter(MSC)is set to suppress the ripple of electromagnetic torque.While the NCO of grid side converter(GSC)is selected to suppress the oscillation of total output active power or the unbalanced degree of total output current for BDFIG generation system.In comparison with traditional single converter control scheme of the MSC or GSC,dual NCOs can be satisfied at the same time due to the enlarged freedom degree in the proposed improved coordinated control system for back-toback converters.The effectiveness of proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and experimental results on a dual-cagerotor BDFIG(DCR-BDFIG)prototype.

Performance Description of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine in Its Asynchronous and Variable Speed Synchronous Modes

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages. It has the robustness of the squirrel cage induction machine, and the speed and power factor controllability of the synchronous machine as well as the absence of brushes and slip rings, and using a fractionally rated frequency converter. Hence, there are considerable benefits over the conventional machines, when the machine is applied to applications such as a wind turbine generator or high power adjustable speed drive. However, these benefits are obtained in slightly more complex structure, higher cost and larger dimensions in comparison to the conventional induction machine. This paper presents fundamental aspects of the three modes of operation of brushless doubly fed machine, i.e. simple induction mode, cascade induction mode, and synchronous mode. The investigation is performed by analyzing the spatial harmonic contents of the rotor magnetic flux density. The direct cross couplings between stator and rotor fields as well as, indirect cross coupling between stator fields by the special rotor of this machine is described. Furthermore, loss analysis of the machine in various modes is presented and the torque-speed curves for asynchronous modes are obtained. A 2-D magnetodynamic finite element model based on the D-180 4/8 pole prototype machine is extracted and simulated to verify the results.

Effects of Wind Turbines Equipped with Doubly-fed Induction Generators on Distance Protection

Nowadays wind energy is the fastest growing renewable energy resource in the world.The problems of integrating wind farms are caused by changes of wind speed during a day.Moreover,the behaviors of wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators differ fundamentally from synchronous generators.Therefore,more considerations are needed to analyze the performances of the distance protection relays.The protection of a wind farm with distance relay is inspected.By changing the conditions of the wind farm,the characteristics of the distance relay are studied.

Research on multi-time scale doubly-fed wind turbine test system based on FPGA+CPU heterogeneous calculation

As the proportion of renewable energy increases, the interaction between renewable energy devices and the grid continues to enhance. Therefore, the renewable energy dynamic test in a power system has become more and more important. Traditional dynamic simulation systems and digital-analog hybrid simulation systems are difficult to compromise on the economy, flexibility and accuracy. A multi-time scale test system of doubly fed induction generator based on FPGA+ CPU heterogeneous calculation is proposed in this paper. The proposed test system is based on the ADPSS simulation platform. The power circuit part of the test system is setup up using the EMT(electromagnetic transient simulation) simulation, and the control part uses the actual physical devices. In order to realize the close-loop testing for the physical devices, the power circuit must be simulated in real-time. This paper proposes a multi-time scale simulation algorithm, in which the decoupling component divides the power circuit into a large time scale system and a small time scale system in order to reduce computing effort. This paper also proposes the FPGA+CPU heterogeneous computing architecture for implementing this multitime scale simulation. In FPGA, there is a complete small time-scale EMT engine, which support the flexibly circuit modeling with any topology. Finally, the test system is connected to an DFIG controller based on Labview to verify the feasibility of the test system.

A Novel Grid Synchronization Control of Doubly-fed Induction Generator

The dynamic performance of doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) before and after connection is analyzed based on corresponding mathematical models and transfer functions in decoupled vector control.The parameter tuning methods of rotor current regulator before and after connection are given.To reach same dynamic performance the parameters should take different values and be switched before and after connection.However on one hand the closing moment of stator contactor is difficult to get as the feedback signal is usually twenty millisecond delay or so.The delay in parameter switching will affect rotor current and torque dynamics during the delayed period after connection. On the other hand parameter switching is troublesome.Hence a synchronization control strategy without parameter switching is proposed and analyzed in detail,which has linear rising exciting current to avoid current overshooting. The dynamic performance of the proposed strategy is analyzed in frequency domain and implemented on a DFIG experimental platform subsequently.The proposed synchronization strategy is validated by experimental results.

A novel transient rotor current control scheme of a doubly-fed induction generator equipped with superconducting magnetic energy storage for voltage and frequency support

A novel transient rotor current control scheme is proposed in this paper for a doubly-fed induction generator（DFIG）equipped with a superconducting magnetic energy storage（SMES） device to enhance its transient voltage and frequency support capacity during grid faults. The SMES connected to the DC-link capacitor of the DFIG is controlled to regulate the transient dc-link voltage so that the whole capacity of the grid side converter（GSC） is dedicated to injecting reactive power to the grid for the transient voltage support. However, the rotor-side converter（RSC） has different control tasks for different periods of the grid fault. Firstly, for Period I, the RSC injects the demagnetizing current to ensure the controllability of the rotor voltage. Then, since the dc stator flux degenerates rapidly in Period II, the required demagnetizing current is low in Period II and the RSC uses the spare capacity to additionally generate the reactive（priority） and active current so that the transient voltage capability is corroborated and the DFIG also positively responds to the system frequency dynamic at the earliest time. Finally, a small amount of demagnetizing current is provided after the fault clearance. Most of the RSC capacity is used to inject the active current to further support the frequency recovery of the system. Simulations are carried out on a simple power system with a wind farm. Comparisons with other commonly used control methods are performed to validate the proposed control method.

Suppression of thrust fluctuation of doubly-fed linear motor

Because the mover and stator of a doubly-fed linear motor are both equipped with three-phase windings, the motor enables contactless energy to be transferred from the stator to the mover. Thus, when a doubly-fed linear motor is used in the linear driving system of trains, neither an overhead line nor a third rail is needed. However, the doubly- fed motor will lead to more severe thrust fluctuation than the unilateral motors. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the thrust fluctuation of the doubly-fed motor should be analyzed. In this paper, an expression for motor thrust is derived. It points out that the slot effect caused by the slotted structure is the main reason for the increase of thrust fluctuation. The method of adopting unequal pole pitch and unequal slot numbers per pole per phase of stator and mover, is proposed to weaken the slot effect when designing the motor slot parameters. Three different motor models are simulated by ANSOFT. The proposed method results in a motor thrust fluctuation coefficient of 8.4%, compared to 49.4% for the conventional method. Therefore, the motor＇s thrust fluctuation is effectively suppressed by the proposed method.

基于SSO多扰动输入机理分析的DFIG-GSC功率振荡抑制策略研究

电网次同步振荡(SSO)已成为桎梏新能源发展的主要问题之一,针对SSO下双馈感应发电机(DFIG)中网侧变流器(GSC)的功率振荡问题展开研究。首先,建立SSO对GSC的多扰动输入数学模型,探究不同扰动输入的性质以及其对GSC系统的影响,明确了针对物理量扰动以及信号扰动分别采用补偿与滤除两种不同的抑制方法。其次,针对锁相环(PLL)输出误差经过坐标变换产生耦合振荡的问题,建立PLL输出误差角度的频域数学模型,并通过设计一种改进PLL消除其输出误差对GSC的信号扰动影响。同时,设计一种准谐振控制器的自适应算法,并提出基于自适应准谐振控制器的DFIG-GSC功率振荡抑制策略,消除SSO对GSC的物理扰动影响;最后,通过搭建具有SSO模拟环境的DFIG实验平台,验证本文所提控制策略的有效性。

基于改进型Super-twisting的双馈感应发电机直接功率控制

为提高双馈感应发电机(DFIG)直接功率控制的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,提出一种改进型超螺旋滑模(STSMC)的直接功率控制(DPC)。首先,建立参数摄动下的DFIG最大功率捕获模型和定子磁场定向的双馈感应发电机模型;然后,将非奇异快速终端滑模面(NFTSM)与一种改进型超螺旋(Super-twisting)优化算法结合,设计DFIG直接功率控制器(IST-NFTSMC)。其中所设计的非奇异滑模面能有效避免传统滑模控制(SMC)的奇异现象,且改进超螺旋控制律能有效削弱NFTSMC抖振,提高功率控制精度;最后,通过仿真和实验,与PI控制和传统SMC控制相比,该控制能削弱DFIG功率与电流抖振问题,加快其收敛速度,提高DFIG直接功率控制稳态精度。

An analytic electromagnetic calculation method for performance evolution of doubly fed induction generators for wind turbines

An analytic electromagnetic calculation method for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) in wind turbine system was presented. Based on the operation principles, steady state equivalent circuit and basic equations of DFIG, the modeling for electromagnetic calculation of DFIG was proposed. The electromagnetic calculation of DFIG was divided into three steps: the magnetic flux calculation, parameters derivation and performance checks. For each step, the detailed numeric calculation formulas were all derived. Combining the calculation formulas, the whole electromagnetic calculation procedure was established, which consisted of three iterative calculation loops, including magnetic saturation coefficient, electromotive force and total output power. All of the electromagnetic and performance data of DIFG can be calculated conveniently by the established calculation procedure, which can be used to evaluate the new designed machine. A 1.5 MW DFIG designed by the proposed procedure was built, for which the whole type tests including no-load test, load test and temperature rising test were carried out. The test results have shown that the DFIG satisfies technical requirements and the test data fit well with the calculation results which prove the correctness of the presented calculation method.

Reactive Current Allocation and Control Strategies Improvement of Low Voltage Ride Though for Doubly Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generation System

为满足风电机组低电压穿越（low voltage ride through,LVRT）的测试要求及其电气模型一致性评估需要,提出考虑向电网注入无功电流的双馈风电机组LVRT的控制策略。在阐述风电机组LVRT测试要求及控制原理的基础上,推导双馈发电机（doubly fed induction generator,DFIG）定子侧及网侧变流器输出无功电流极限表达式,研究电网电压跌落深度和发电机总输出有功功率对其无功电流极限值的影响规律,进而提出DFIG在LVRT期间的无功电流分配算法和改进的有功、无功功率控制策略。最后,以某实际2 MW双馈风电机组为例,分别对风速为5和12 m/s、电网电压对称跌落至20%和50%工况下的LVRT运行性能进行仿真比较和样机测试。与传统LVRT控制方法的对比表明,所提改进控制策略能更好地满足风电机组LVRT的测试要求。样机测试结果进一步证明了改进控制策略和仿真模型的有效性。

A Proposed Design, Implementation and Control of Doubly Fed Switched Reluctance Motor

In this paper,rotor of switched reluctance motor(SRM)is employed by mounting copper windings on the rotor poles as well as the stator poles.Rotor and stator windings are excited from DC supply in order to increase the developed electro-magnetic torque;thus enhancing the output power of the drive and keeping the system compactness.Furthermore,the proposed SRM offers higher reliability than conventional one,if excitation of rotor windings is lost,the drive will turn into a conventional SRM,the drive will continue running as a conventional SRM.Finite element method magnetics(FEMM)software is applied to obtain the magnetic characteristics of the proposed SRM.A control strategy for excitation of rotor and stator windings is presented.MATLAB/Simulink modeling of the proposed SRM is given and validated by practical experiment.Experimental Results on a prototype show that the proposed SRM is capable of achieving an increased torque compared with conventional SRM drive.

A Gain Scheduled Method for Speed Control of Wind Driven Doubly Fed Induction Generator

This paper proposes a gain scheduled control method for a doubly fed induction generator driven by a wind turbine. The purpose is to design a variable speed control system so as to extract the maximum power in the region below the rated wind speed. Gain scheduled control approach is applied in order to achieve high performance over a wide range of wind speed. A double loop configuration is adopted. In the inner loop, the rotor speed is used as the scheduling parameter, while a function of wind and rotor speed is used as the scheduling parameter in the outer loop. It is verified in simulations that a high tracking performance has been achieved.

弱电网下VSG-DFIG暂态功角稳定性分析及优化策略

电压源型双馈风电机组通过采用虚拟同步机控制这种典型的构网型控制方式,可以为电网提供一定的阻尼与惯性,而在电网发生电压跌落故障时,其可能会出现与同步机相似的功角稳定问题。首先,借助等面积定则分析电网电压发生三相对称跌落时,网侧转差功率与变功率给定值对暂态功角稳定性的影响。同时为使变功率给定控制策略在暂态期间适应网侧变流器动态变化,提出了一种基于暂态功角前馈的虚拟同步机控制双馈风电机组稳定性优化方法。将功角偏差量通过前馈的方式补偿暂态过程中虚拟同步机的不平衡转矩,加速功角越过暂态期间平衡点后的减速过程。通过暂态功角曲线的加减速面积确定前馈系数的选取范围,在保证功角收敛的情况下维持电压源型控制穿越故障。最后,通过仿真与硬件在环实验平台验证上述理论分析的正确性及优化方法的有效性。

基于LESO的DFIG-GSC反馈线性化直接功率控制

为了提高双馈风力发电机网侧变换器(DFIG-GSC)这个强耦合非线性系统的性能,提出了一种反馈线性化直接功率控制策略。首先在αβ坐标系下建立以有功功率、无功功率为变量的DFIG-GSC的数学模型,针对模型中的强耦合项采用反馈线性化进行解耦,得到其线性模型,再结合滑模控制理论设计出功率内环的控制律。由于功率内环控制律中未建模部分和不确定因素会对控制效果产生影响,采用线性扩张状态观测器对其进行观测并对其控制量进行修正。同时电压外环采用滑模控制来提高直流侧电压的响应速度。最后搭建仿真模型与传统PI控制以及直接功率控制进行比较,验证了所提控制策略的合理性和有效性。

Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator under Unbalanced Voltages for Reduction of Torque Pulsation

The unbalanced voltages cause negative effects on the doubly fed induction generator （DFIG） sucn as torque pulsation,and increased stator current. Based on the symmetrical component theory, the torque pulsation is the consequence of the interaction of stator and rotor currents of different sequences. This paper presents a control technique to reduce the effect of unbalanced voltages on the DFIG in wind energy conversion systems. The negative sequence stator voltage is derived from the unbalanced three phase stator voltages. The compensated rotor voltage in terms of the derived negative sequence stator voltage and slip which minimizes the negative stator and rotor currents is proposed. The results from the simulation of control system with steady state model and dynamic model of the DFIG show that additional control loop with compensated voltage can significantly reduce torque and reactive power pulsations.

基于GA-FC的双馈风机调频优化策略

双馈风机通过附加虚拟惯性控制和下垂控制参与电力系统调频,但固定的控制系数无法发挥风机实际调频潜力。针对这一问题,提出了一种将遗传算法和模糊控制(GA-FC)相结合的变系数风机调频优化控制策略。首先,为提高调频时功率支撑能力,分析了超速减载控制,对不同风速下减载率进行拟合;然后,参考其他文献虚拟惯性控制系数整定结果,对下垂控制系数进行整定,再通过GA-FC实现动态调整控制系数,实时挖掘风机实际调频能力;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink搭建仿真模型,对所提策略进行验证。结果表明所提策略能够有效提升系统频率支撑。

抑制双馈风场MMC-HVDC系统次同步振荡子模块电容电压控制器仿真研究

针对双馈风电场并入模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电系统,为解决模块化多电平换流器内部子模块结构相互作用时产生次同步振荡,影响系统稳定运行的问题,提出一种考虑子模块电容电压与抑制循环电流结合的控制结构。通过建立一种更精确的模块化多电平换流器直流阻抗模型,减小子模块的二阶循环电流,并利用奈奎斯特判据分析了不同控制器调节下系统稳定性以及电压和电流的变化。结果表明,所建立的新模型与实际模块化多电平换流器内部结构的匹配性更好,能够正确地预测直流系统的稳定性,验证了环流抑制器结合子模块电容电压控制后的有效性。

基于VMD-CNN-BiLSTM的轴承故障多级分类识别

双馈风力发电机(DFIG)作为风能发电领域的关键设备之一,保障其稳定运行显得尤为重要。针对DFIG轴承故障的多级分类问题,提出了一种基于参数优化的变分模式分解-卷积神经网络-双向长短期记忆(VMD-CNN-BiLSTM)故障诊断模型。首先,采用改进的麻雀优化算法——鱼鹰-柯西-麻雀搜索算法(OCSSA)对变分模态分解(VMD)的惩罚因子、模态分量进行了优化,OCSSA算法是将鱼鹰算法和柯西变异策略与麻雀算法进行了融合,形成了一种新的优化算法,该算法利用强大的参数搜索能力获取了更精确的频率特征;然后,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)提取了信号的时域和频域特征,并对特征进行了融合;最后,利用双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)学习了故障的序列模式,完成了故障的多级分类任务。研究结果表明:基于OCSSA算法优化的VMD-CNN-BiLSTM模型在多级轴承故障识别方面表现出明显的优势,平均识别准确率可达98.36%,与CNN-LSTM、CNN-BiLSTM和VMD-BiLSTM模型进行对比,该模型具有更卓越的故障诊断性能、出色的泛化能力和快速的计算速度。这一结果充分验证了该模型在双馈风力发电机轴承故障的多级分类识别任务上的有效性,且适用于在线监测和智能诊断,为实现高效、可靠的风能发电提供了重要的实际应用价值。