McDonald’S Corp.,battered by criticism of its fatty foods,said it would e-liminate Supersize French fries(炸薯条;炸土豆片)and soft drinks by the end ofthe year,part of a swing toward pleasing health-minded customers ...McDonald’S Corp.,battered by criticism of its fatty foods,said it would e-liminate Supersize French fries(炸薯条;炸土豆片)and soft drinks by the end ofthe year,part of a swing toward pleasing health-minded customers and simplify-ing its menu. 【原译】因其高脂肪食物而成众矢之的的麦当劳公司,表示将于年底前将超大份薯条和软饮料从菜单中删除,这是该公司取悦注重健康的消费者和简化菜单行动的一部分。展开更多
Driven by a demand for better fuel economy and increasingly stringent emissions regulations over a wide range of customers and applications,engine manufacturers have turned towards engine downsizing as the most potent...Driven by a demand for better fuel economy and increasingly stringent emissions regulations over a wide range of customers and applications,engine manufacturers have turned towards engine downsizing as the most potent enabler to meet these requirements.With boosting systems becoming ever more numerous as the technical solutions to complex boosting requirements of the internal combustion engine increase,it is time for an overview of available and under development boosting technologies and systems and for a discussion of their relevance to downsizing efforts.The presented analysis shows that there are no standard solutions for all the different applications as the trends indicate a rising complexity to meet with the extreme boosting requirements predicted for the remainder of the decade.These trends include variable geometry,a shift from single to two(or more)stages,extensive actuation for bypassing exhaust flows,exhaust flow regulation and pulsating exhaust energy recovery, severe electrification and an extensive effort downstream from the turbine to capture waste heat after the principal turbo- charger/supercharger system.展开更多
This paper focuses on comparing the performance of the embedded control of a hybrid powertrain with the original and downsized engine. The main idea is to store the normally wasted mechanical regenerative energy in en...This paper focuses on comparing the performance of the embedded control of a hybrid powertrain with the original and downsized engine. The main idea is to store the normally wasted mechanical regenerative energy in energy storage devices for later usage. The regenerative energy recovery opportunity exists in any condition where the speed of motion is in the opposite direction to the applied force or torque. A rule based optimal robust control algorithm is developed and is tuned for different work cycles. A comparison of the fuel savings using the hybrid system with the original and downsized engines is performed.展开更多
In the last decade trans-arterial radioembolization has given promising results in the treatment of patients with intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),both in terms of disease control and toler...In the last decade trans-arterial radioembolization has given promising results in the treatment of patients with intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),both in terms of disease control and tolerability profile.This technique consists of the selective intra-arterial administration of microspheres loaded with a radioactive compound(usually Yttrium90),and exerts its therapeutic effect through the radiation carried by these microspheres.A careful and meticulous selection of patients is crucial before performing the radioembolization to correctly perform the procedure and reduce the incidence of complications.Radioembolization is a technically complex and expensive technique,which has only recently entered clinical practice and is supported by scant results from phase Ⅲ clinical trials.Nevertheless,it may represent a valid alternative to transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) in the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC patients,as shown by a comparative retrospective assessment that reported a longer time to progression,but not of overall survival,and a more favorable safety profile for radioembolization.In addition,this treatment has reported a higher percentage of tumor shrinkage,if compared to TACE,for pre-transplant downsizing and it represents a promising therapeutic option in patients with large extent of disease and insufficient residual liver volume who are not immediately eligible for surgery.Radioembolization might also be a suitable companion to sorafenib in advanced HCC or it can be used as a potential alternative to this treatment in patients who are not responding or do not tolerate sorafenib.展开更多
A fast algorithm based on direction in intra frame downsizing in H.264 is proposed,which used modes information of macroblocks before transcoding and the direction relation of modes between decoding and re-encoding in...A fast algorithm based on direction in intra frame downsizing in H.264 is proposed,which used modes information of macroblocks before transcoding and the direction relation of modes between decoding and re-encoding in transcoding.This algorithm also made use of statistics between decoded modes and re-encoded modes,which came from a lot of sequences data experiments.Without full modes encoding,it can improve the speed of reducing intra-prediction frame resolution obviously.Comparing to traditional transcoding,it only needs to compute one of thirteen modes in re-encoding.The experiments show that this algorithm can significantly speed up 92 percent transcoding time in intra-prediction frame of H.264 with slight PSNR degradation.It also can support an improvement in real-time for transcoding and ability of bandwidths changing.展开更多
The study aimed to look for available evidence in the literature regarding tools and methods used for determining nurse staffing levels. It is an integrative literature review whose data search was performed electroni...The study aimed to look for available evidence in the literature regarding tools and methods used for determining nurse staffing levels. It is an integrative literature review whose data search was performed electronically between September and October 2013. The integrative review consisted of 13 articles that responded to the inclusion criteria proposed in the study. Several tools and methods were identified that determine staffing numbers, however, implementation of the calculated required workforce is not yet effective in the institutions surveyed.展开更多
Downsizing as a systematic reduction of employees is frequently utilized in order to increase productivity, efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness of firms. As a strategy of choice for many firms around the wo...Downsizing as a systematic reduction of employees is frequently utilized in order to increase productivity, efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness of firms. As a strategy of choice for many firms around the world, downsizing produces far-reaching financial, organizational, and social consequences. Despite the large body of literature, there is inconclusive evidence as to whether downsizing is effective and whether it generates the widely anticipated financial benefits. An in-depth review of the literature suggests that most downsized organizations have failed to yield economic benefits. This case study examined whether Portugal＇s eight largest banks realized their financial objectives upon the execution of downsizing activities during their recent 2008-2010 endeavors. Financial performance was measured through employee efficiency, profitability, and asset quality. Six hypotheses were defined using six different financial ratios which were deemed as integral tools for measuring financial performance of deposit-accepting banks. The secondary data were analyzed within a defined framework of two distinct phases： pre- and post-downsizing phases. A key statistical tool, the paired sample t-test, was applied to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the ratios between the two timeframes. The analysis demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-downsizing ratios of loans per employee and deposits per employee. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in return on assets （ROA）, return on equity （ROE）, loans to assets, and non-performing loans to loans ratios. On the basis of this analysis, the study has concluded that downsized large Portuguese banks have largely failed to achieve their projected financial objectives.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive primary liver neoplasm that,according to tumor stage,can be treated with resection,transplantation,locoregional treatment options,or systemic therapy.Although intervention...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive primary liver neoplasm that,according to tumor stage,can be treated with resection,transplantation,locoregional treatment options,or systemic therapy.Although interventions only in early-stage disease can offer complete tumor regression,systemic therapy in advanced disease can significantly prolong overall survival,according to published clinical trials.The emergence of immunotherapy in the field of cancer therapy has had a positive impact on patients with HCC,resulting in atezolizumab–bevacizumab currently being the first-line option for treatment of advanced HCC.In light of this,application of immunotherapy in the preoperative process could increase the number of patients fulfilling the criteria for liver transplantation(LT).Implementation of this approach is faced with challenges regarding the safety of immunotherapy and the possibly increased risk of rejection in the perioperative period.Case reports and clinical trials assessing the safety profile and effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy,highlight important aspects regarding this newly evolving approach to HCC management.More studies need to be conducted in order to reach a consensus regarding the optimal way to administer immunotherapy prior to LT.In this review,we summarize the role,safety profile and future considerations regarding the use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy prior to LT in patients with HCC.展开更多
Transportation networks are sized to efficiently achieve some set of service objectives.Under particular circumstances,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,the demand for transportation can significantly change,both qualitat...Transportation networks are sized to efficiently achieve some set of service objectives.Under particular circumstances,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,the demand for transportation can significantly change,both qualitatively and quantitatively,resulting in an over-capacitated and less efficient network.In this paper,we address this issue by proposing a framework for resizing the network to efficiently cope with the new demand.The framework includes a model to determine an optimal transportation sub-network that guarantees the following:(i)the minimal access time from any node of the urban network to the new sub-network has not excessively increased compared to that of the original transportation network;(ii)the delay induced on any itinerary by the removal of nodes from the original transportation network has not excessively increased;and(iii)the number of removed nodes from the transportation network is within a preset known factor.A solution is optimal if it induces a minimal global delay.We modelled this problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Program and applied it to the public bus transportation network of Lyon,France,in a case study.In order to respond to operational issues,the framework also includes a decision tool that helps the network planners to decide which bus lines to close and which ones to leave open according to specific trade-off preferences.The results on real data in Lyon show that the optimal sub-network from the MILP model can be used to feed the decision tool,leading to operational scenarios for network planners.展开更多
文摘McDonald’S Corp.,battered by criticism of its fatty foods,said it would e-liminate Supersize French fries(炸薯条;炸土豆片)and soft drinks by the end ofthe year,part of a swing toward pleasing health-minded customers and simplify-ing its menu. 【原译】因其高脂肪食物而成众矢之的的麦当劳公司,表示将于年底前将超大份薯条和软饮料从菜单中删除,这是该公司取悦注重健康的消费者和简化菜单行动的一部分。
文摘Driven by a demand for better fuel economy and increasingly stringent emissions regulations over a wide range of customers and applications,engine manufacturers have turned towards engine downsizing as the most potent enabler to meet these requirements.With boosting systems becoming ever more numerous as the technical solutions to complex boosting requirements of the internal combustion engine increase,it is time for an overview of available and under development boosting technologies and systems and for a discussion of their relevance to downsizing efforts.The presented analysis shows that there are no standard solutions for all the different applications as the trends indicate a rising complexity to meet with the extreme boosting requirements predicted for the remainder of the decade.These trends include variable geometry,a shift from single to two(or more)stages,extensive actuation for bypassing exhaust flows,exhaust flow regulation and pulsating exhaust energy recovery, severe electrification and an extensive effort downstream from the turbine to capture waste heat after the principal turbo- charger/supercharger system.
文摘This paper focuses on comparing the performance of the embedded control of a hybrid powertrain with the original and downsized engine. The main idea is to store the normally wasted mechanical regenerative energy in energy storage devices for later usage. The regenerative energy recovery opportunity exists in any condition where the speed of motion is in the opposite direction to the applied force or torque. A rule based optimal robust control algorithm is developed and is tuned for different work cycles. A comparison of the fuel savings using the hybrid system with the original and downsized engines is performed.
文摘In the last decade trans-arterial radioembolization has given promising results in the treatment of patients with intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),both in terms of disease control and tolerability profile.This technique consists of the selective intra-arterial administration of microspheres loaded with a radioactive compound(usually Yttrium90),and exerts its therapeutic effect through the radiation carried by these microspheres.A careful and meticulous selection of patients is crucial before performing the radioembolization to correctly perform the procedure and reduce the incidence of complications.Radioembolization is a technically complex and expensive technique,which has only recently entered clinical practice and is supported by scant results from phase Ⅲ clinical trials.Nevertheless,it may represent a valid alternative to transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) in the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC patients,as shown by a comparative retrospective assessment that reported a longer time to progression,but not of overall survival,and a more favorable safety profile for radioembolization.In addition,this treatment has reported a higher percentage of tumor shrinkage,if compared to TACE,for pre-transplant downsizing and it represents a promising therapeutic option in patients with large extent of disease and insufficient residual liver volume who are not immediately eligible for surgery.Radioembolization might also be a suitable companion to sorafenib in advanced HCC or it can be used as a potential alternative to this treatment in patients who are not responding or do not tolerate sorafenib.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60772066)
文摘A fast algorithm based on direction in intra frame downsizing in H.264 is proposed,which used modes information of macroblocks before transcoding and the direction relation of modes between decoding and re-encoding in transcoding.This algorithm also made use of statistics between decoded modes and re-encoded modes,which came from a lot of sequences data experiments.Without full modes encoding,it can improve the speed of reducing intra-prediction frame resolution obviously.Comparing to traditional transcoding,it only needs to compute one of thirteen modes in re-encoding.The experiments show that this algorithm can significantly speed up 92 percent transcoding time in intra-prediction frame of H.264 with slight PSNR degradation.It also can support an improvement in real-time for transcoding and ability of bandwidths changing.
文摘The study aimed to look for available evidence in the literature regarding tools and methods used for determining nurse staffing levels. It is an integrative literature review whose data search was performed electronically between September and October 2013. The integrative review consisted of 13 articles that responded to the inclusion criteria proposed in the study. Several tools and methods were identified that determine staffing numbers, however, implementation of the calculated required workforce is not yet effective in the institutions surveyed.
文摘Downsizing as a systematic reduction of employees is frequently utilized in order to increase productivity, efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness of firms. As a strategy of choice for many firms around the world, downsizing produces far-reaching financial, organizational, and social consequences. Despite the large body of literature, there is inconclusive evidence as to whether downsizing is effective and whether it generates the widely anticipated financial benefits. An in-depth review of the literature suggests that most downsized organizations have failed to yield economic benefits. This case study examined whether Portugal＇s eight largest banks realized their financial objectives upon the execution of downsizing activities during their recent 2008-2010 endeavors. Financial performance was measured through employee efficiency, profitability, and asset quality. Six hypotheses were defined using six different financial ratios which were deemed as integral tools for measuring financial performance of deposit-accepting banks. The secondary data were analyzed within a defined framework of two distinct phases： pre- and post-downsizing phases. A key statistical tool, the paired sample t-test, was applied to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the ratios between the two timeframes. The analysis demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-downsizing ratios of loans per employee and deposits per employee. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in return on assets （ROA）, return on equity （ROE）, loans to assets, and non-performing loans to loans ratios. On the basis of this analysis, the study has concluded that downsized large Portuguese banks have largely failed to achieve their projected financial objectives.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive primary liver neoplasm that,according to tumor stage,can be treated with resection,transplantation,locoregional treatment options,or systemic therapy.Although interventions only in early-stage disease can offer complete tumor regression,systemic therapy in advanced disease can significantly prolong overall survival,according to published clinical trials.The emergence of immunotherapy in the field of cancer therapy has had a positive impact on patients with HCC,resulting in atezolizumab–bevacizumab currently being the first-line option for treatment of advanced HCC.In light of this,application of immunotherapy in the preoperative process could increase the number of patients fulfilling the criteria for liver transplantation(LT).Implementation of this approach is faced with challenges regarding the safety of immunotherapy and the possibly increased risk of rejection in the perioperative period.Case reports and clinical trials assessing the safety profile and effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy,highlight important aspects regarding this newly evolving approach to HCC management.More studies need to be conducted in order to reach a consensus regarding the optimal way to administer immunotherapy prior to LT.In this review,we summarize the role,safety profile and future considerations regarding the use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy prior to LT in patients with HCC.
基金supported by the Smart Lab LABILITY of the University Gustave Eiffel,funded by the Region Ile de France(Grant No.20012741)by the French ANR research project PROMENADE(Grant No.ANR-18-CE22-0008).
文摘Transportation networks are sized to efficiently achieve some set of service objectives.Under particular circumstances,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,the demand for transportation can significantly change,both qualitatively and quantitatively,resulting in an over-capacitated and less efficient network.In this paper,we address this issue by proposing a framework for resizing the network to efficiently cope with the new demand.The framework includes a model to determine an optimal transportation sub-network that guarantees the following:(i)the minimal access time from any node of the urban network to the new sub-network has not excessively increased compared to that of the original transportation network;(ii)the delay induced on any itinerary by the removal of nodes from the original transportation network has not excessively increased;and(iii)the number of removed nodes from the transportation network is within a preset known factor.A solution is optimal if it induces a minimal global delay.We modelled this problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Program and applied it to the public bus transportation network of Lyon,France,in a case study.In order to respond to operational issues,the framework also includes a decision tool that helps the network planners to decide which bus lines to close and which ones to leave open according to specific trade-off preferences.The results on real data in Lyon show that the optimal sub-network from the MILP model can be used to feed the decision tool,leading to operational scenarios for network planners.
