High surface area and mesoporous activated carbon from KOH-activated dragon fruit peels for methylene blue dye adsorption:Optimization and mechanism study

In this study,an alternative precursor for production of activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit(Hylocereus costaricensis)peel(DFP).Moreover,KOH was used as a chemical activator in the thermal carbonization process to convert DFP into activated carbon(DFPAC).In order to accomplish this research,several approaches were employed to examine the elemental composition,surface properties,amorphous and crystalline nature,essential active group,and surface morphology of the DFPAC.The BrunauerEmmettTeller test demonstrated a mesoporous structure of the DFPAC has a high surface area of 756.3 m2g 1.The cationic dye Methylene Blue(MB)was used as a probe to assess the efficiency of DFPAC towards the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorption input factors(e.g.DFPAC dose(A:0.040.12 g L 1),pH(B:310),and temperature(C:3050℃))were investigated and optimized using statistical analysis(i.e.BoxBehnken design(BBD)).The adsorption kinetic model can be best categorized as the pseudofirst order(PFO).Whereas,the adsorption isotherm model can be best described by Langmuir model,with maximum adsorption capacity of DFPAC for MB dye was 195.2 mg g 1 at 50℃.The adsorption mechanism of MB by DFPAC surface was attributed to the electrostatic interaction,pp interaction,and Hbonding.Finally,the results support the ability of DFP to be a promising precursor for production of highly porous activated carbon suitable for removal of cationic dyes(e.g.MB).

Characterization of Potential Cellulose from Hylocereus Polyrhizus(Dragon Fruit)peel:A Study on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties

The strict environmental regulations to overcome the drawbacks of consumption and disposal of non-renewable synthetic materials have motivated this investigation.The physical,chemical,morphological,and thermal properties of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder obtained from the raw materials were examined in this study.The physical properties analyzes of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder discovered that the moisture content,density,and water holding capacity were 9.70%,0.45 g/cm^(3),and 98.60%,respectively.Meanwhile,the chemical composition analysis of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder revealed that the powder was significantly high in cellulose contents(34.35%)from other bio-peel wastes.The crystallinity index of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was 32.76%,according to further X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis.The thermal stability of Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder was examined using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and found thermally stable at 204℃.The morphological study via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed a shriveled and irregular geometry surface.Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder demonstrated the peak in the range representing the major functional groups responsible for pectin’s properties.Thus,the findings revealed that the Hylocereus Polyrhizus peel(HPP)powder has the potential for the development of biodegradable and renewable materials.

Effect of Low Temperature Storage on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Dragon Fruit

In order to explore the best storage temperature and storage period of dragon fruit seeds,with the constant-humidity germplasm cold storage of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a platform and storage temperature as an environmental factor,the germination characteristics of dragon fruit seeds and seedling growth characteristics under low temperature storage(8,4,-1,-10℃)and room temperature storage(25-30℃)over time were explored.The results showed that with the extension of the storage time,the seed germination rates,germination index,healthy seedling rates,seedling heights and fresh weights of 10 seedlings of the three dragon fruit varieties showed basically the same trends,showing a downward trend.After 367 d of cold storage,the germination rate decreased from 100%to 92.33%-98.00%,and the room temperature treatments decreased to 54.00%-86.30%;and the healthy seedling rates of cold-stored seeds decreased from 96.33%-98.00%to 77.33%-97.3%,and the values of the room temperature treatments dropped to 12.00%-68.33%.The germination rates,germination index,healthy seedling rates and seedling heights of the three dragon fruit varieties stored at low temperatures were basically significantly higher than those of the room temperature treatments within 367 d of storage.The germination rates of the three varieties stored at 8℃had no significant differences from other low temperature treatments,but the germination index was significantly lower than other low temperature treatments at 367 d.It showed that low temperature storage at-10-8℃could significantly prolong the vigor and storage time of dragon fruit seeds.Considering cost and other factors,it is better to store dragon fruit seeds in a dry environment at 4℃.The seeds stored at 4℃for 1 year showed a germination rate maintained over 90%and a healthy seedling rate over 85%.

Formulation and Evaluation of Lipstick with Betacyanin Pigment of <i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>(Red Dragon Fruit)

Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from H. polyrhizus and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus can utilize as Cosmeceutical.

Extraction and Stability of Anthocyanins Present in the Skin of the Dragon Fruit (<i>Hylocereus undatus</i>)

The extraction of anthocyanins present in the skin of the dragon fruit was performed using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) plus a mixture of methanol, acetic acid and water;the anthocyanins were then purified with a LC-18 cartridge, using methanol acidified with TFA as eluent, reaching concentrations of 44.3865 ± 1.3125 mg/100g of sample. The extracts were put through stability tests under different storage conditions, modifying the pH of the extracts (pH of 1, 4 and 6), the temperature (4℃, 25℃ and 68℃) and the absence and presence of light for a time period of 4 days;the tests indiated that anthocyanins remain more stable at a temperature of 4℃?with a pH of 4 in the absence of light, retaining up to 80% of the pigment. Three anthocyanins were partially identified in the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);they were: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5 O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3,5 O-glucoside.

Dissipation pattern of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in red dragon fruit(Hylocereus polyrhizus)cultivated in Indonesian highland(West Java)and coastal area(D.I.Jogyakarta)and its implication for dietary risk assessment

Background:Cultivation of red dragon fruit(Hylocereus polyrhizus)in Indonesian orchards is hampered by anthracnose and stem canker.A mixture of azoxystrobin 200 g/L+difenoconazole 125 g/L is recommended in supporting the obligated integrated pest management.For the consumer safety,dietary intake of the residues from fresh edible part should be assessed;therefore,information on correct dissipation pattern of the applied pesticide is required.Materials and Methods:Field residue trials in Indonesian highland(West Java)and coastal area(Special Region of Yogyakarta)were done at recommended dose was 0.151 kg ai/ha azoxystrobin and 0.094 kg ai/ha difenoconazole,three times at 10 days interval.Whole fruit samples were collected at 70%-100%ripeness at−1,0,1,3,7,10,and 14 days after last application,processed and determined its residue as soon as possible.Result and Discussion:Photoisomerization of azoxystrobin was observed at Day 0,especially in coastal area;however,it has been dissipated to below lowest validated level in the following day.At Day 0,3%-5%of the deposited azoxystrobin and difenoconazole penetrate into the flesh;however,most residues(95%-97%)were retained in peel,and dissipated in prolonged day.The dissipation pattern was non-linear.The dissipation data were better fit with bi-exponential double-first-order in parallel than single first-order kinetics model.The DT50 of both azoxystrobin and difenoconazole was 3 days.At harvest time,seventh day,only azoxystrobin residue was detected in flesh at 0.006 mg/kg;therefore,the long-term dietary risk was 0 per cent acceptable daily intake.Conclusion:Fresh red dragon fruit is safe to consume.

Adsorption Isotherm Study of Activated Fruit Peels for Copper Removal

Heavy metal polluted water threatens the integrity of ecosystem.The use of agricultural waste as adsorbent becomes popular due to its biodegradability and availability.However,limited research works has been done to process agricultural waste for heavy metal adsorption purpose.The objective of this study is to propose a new approach to treat banana peel using ZnCl_(2) prior to alkali and acid treatment and explore the potential of dragon fruit peels as the adsorbent for Cu^(2+)adsorption.Seven adsorption isotherm was adopted to identify the adsorption mechanism and four statistical parameters were calculated for model verification purpose.The experiment was conducted by dispersing ZnCl_(2) treated and untreated adsorbents into Cu^(2+) solution.Results showed that ZnCl_(2) treated adsorbents performed better in terms of Cu^(2+) removal compared with untreated adsorbents due to higher surface area for Cu^(2+) adsorption.The treated banana peel(Act.-B)performed approximately 30%better than the treated dragon fruit peel(Act.-D)due to the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.The equilibrium adsorptive capacity of Act.-B was 1872.8 mg Cu^(2+)/g and the experimental data fitted Freundlich isotherm well with R^(2)=0.9978,0.0161 of residual sum of error(SSE),0.0068 of χ^(2),and 0.0567 of root mean square error(RMSE)values.This suggests non⁃linear adsorption and multilayer adsorption on heterogenous surfaces.Thus,it is recommended to further improve the surface properties of Act.-B by steam pyrolysis and surface modification.

火龙果果皮天然色素提取及羊绒纤维染色

从火龙果果皮中提取天然色素并对羊绒纤维进行染色,通过调整火龙果果皮天然色素用量、染色温度、染色时间、染液pH、媒染剂用量与媒染方法等进行工艺优化。结果表明,当火龙果果皮天然色素体积分数为8%,染色温度55℃,染色时间40 min,染液pH为5,采用2%(omf)硫酸铝为媒染剂的后媒染法染色,羊绒纤维上染率最高。染色羊绒纤维颜色接近火龙果紫红色色光,上染率在75%以上,耐皂洗色牢度达到4级,纤维机械性能符合可纺性要求。

海南火龙果园土壤肥力与根结线虫数量调查

为了明确海南岛火龙果园土壤肥力状况和根结线虫危害情况,采集了海南岛68家火龙果园的土壤样品共204份,分析测定了土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等矿质营养元素含量及根结线虫的数量,并采用模糊综合评判法对果园土壤综合肥力状况进行评价,分析了根结线虫数量与土壤养分状况的相关性。结果表明:海南岛火龙果园土壤pH为6.4,整体呈中性或弱酸性;有机质含量为19.9 g·kg^(-1),碱解氮含量为63.9 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾含量为95.8 mg·kg^(-1),均处于缺乏状态,而有效磷、交换性钙含量为丰富及以上等级,交换性镁处于中量水平;土壤pH与有机质、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,表明维持中性的pH水平有利于土壤有机质的积累,对钙、镁的有效性有重要意义;土壤有机质含量与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,说明土壤有机质的提高有助于提升土壤基础矿质养分的含量;各火龙果园根结线虫数量差异较大,其中,每100克干中土根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)数量最多的可达736条,而较少的仅有14条;根结线虫发生轻重情况南北差异较大,整体上北部地区的火龙果园根结线虫数量低于南部地区;土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、交换性钙与根结线虫数量呈正相关。调查结果显示,海南岛火龙果园土壤综合肥力指数处于较高水平。

火龙果主要生物活性成分及其功能特性研究进展

火龙果是一种热带水果,广泛种植在世界各地的热带或亚热带地区。大量研究表明,火龙果中含有丰富的营养成分以及多糖、多酚、甜菜素等生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降脂等功能特性。本文综述了近年来火龙果营养物质及其功能特性的研究进展,并对未来火龙果生物活性物质开发的研究方向进行了详细讨论,以期为火龙果的进一步研究提供参考依据。

基于语义分割和几何分析的火龙果果实与枝条的三维重建

针对非结构化环境中采摘机器人缺少足够环境信息的问题,该研究提出了一种用于机器臂避障和路径规划的果实与枝条检测和三维重建方法。采用MobileNetV2取代传统DeepLabV3+主干特征提取网络Xception,并在特征提取模块引入了坐标注意力机制,通过改进网络对采集的RGB图像进行目标检测,并将检测到的火龙果和枝条语义掩膜转换成三维点云。提出一种基于非线性最小二乘法的椭球体拟合方法用于重建火龙果,用有限数量的AABB包围盒获取不规则的枝条的三维空间位姿信息。测试表明,改进后模型的平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIoU)和平均像素精度(mean pixel accuracy,mPA)分别达到95.59%、98.01%,相较原模型分别提升2.57个百分点和1.44个百分点;平均推理时间和模型内存占用量分别降至94.74 ms和22.52 MB,分别仅为原模型的59%和11%。三维重建试验表明,火龙果果实重建的短轴尺寸和深度距离的平均绝对误差分别为0.44和2.04 mm,枝条重建的样本标准差在各坐标轴上均小于10 mm。结果证实了该研究方法可以有效地重建火龙果果实和枝条,可以为火龙果采摘机器人的采摘路径规划避障提供基础。

不同授粉方式对火龙果座果率及果实贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同授粉方式对火龙果座果率及果实贮藏品质的影响,对自然授粉、异花授粉和自花授粉的火龙果座果率及果实品质指标进行了测定,并针对自花和异花授粉的火龙果果实,研究其在不同温度贮藏条件下的品质变化。结果表明:自然授粉、异花授粉和自花授粉的火龙果座果率分别为10.0%、86.0%和100.0%。异花授粉与自花授粉对的火龙果果实单果质量、还原糖含量、VC含量、花青素含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在火龙果果实贮藏过程中,4℃较25℃更有利于火龙果品质的保持,4℃温贮藏条件下,异花授粉的火龙果果实在总糖、总酸、可溶性固形物、VC和花青素含量保持方面要优于自花授粉。

火龙果粉冷冻-真空微波干燥工艺优化及贮藏品质

为优化火龙果粉的冷冻干燥结合真空微波干燥工艺并研究其贮藏品质,以火龙果为原料,以复水比和维生素C保留率加权转化的综合评分为指标,通过单因素和响应面试验优化火龙果粉的工艺条件并分析其贮藏品质。结果表明,优化后的工艺条件为采用冷冻干燥将火龙果干燥到水分含量35%后,再采用真空度40 Pa、微波功率1 500 W的真空微波干燥继续将其干燥至水分含量3.5%。该条件下,产品实际综合评分为85.17,与理论预测值基本吻合。联合干燥技术的产品在25℃、相对湿度65%的条件下贮藏30 d时,火龙果粉中的VC保留率为(83.36±0.65)%,感官评分65.6,VC的保留率和感官评分均较高,具有较好的贮藏品质。

红心火龙果百香果复合果醋的开发与品质分析

为拓宽百香果和火龙果加工形式,降低扩种后的滞销风险,该研究以‘桂热1号’红心火龙果和‘台农1号’紫皮百香果为原料开发一款复合果醋。以发酵时间、初始pH值和初始酒精度为影响因素,以黄酮含量、甜菜红素含量、DPPH自由基清除率、总酸含量为指标,进行复合原醋单因素和响应面醋酸发酵试验,得出最佳发酵条件:发酵时间73 h、初始pH值4.0、初始酒精度5%vol,原醋总酸含量43.35 g/L。以原醋、白砂糖和红曲米粉提取液的添加量为影响因素,以感官评分为响应指标,进行复合果醋单因素和响应面调配试验,得出果醋最佳配方:原醋添加量6%、白砂糖添加量99 g/L、红曲米粉提取液添加量64%,所得果醋酸甜可口,色泽鲜红,感官评分为88.5,总酸含量为2.81 g/L,总糖含量为101.78 g/L,色价为0.36 U/mL,含12种有机酸和31种挥发性风味物质。

火龙果根际促生微生物筛选及其效应

利用固氮、解磷、解钾及产IAA(吲哚乙酸)培养基从火龙果根际土壤中筛选出具有相应能力的一株木霉和一株芽孢杆菌,利用盆栽实验测定其发酵液对火龙果的促生效应。盆栽实验结果表明,从火龙果根际土壤中筛选出具有溶磷、解钾、固氮、产IAA能力的菌株F6、B3,其中F6(加纳木霉)固氮、产IAA能力最强,B3(贝莱斯芽孢杆菌)溶磷、解钾能力最强。盆栽试验结果表明,接种菌剂显著提高火龙果农艺性状,其中复合菌剂(B3+F6)效果最明显,鲜质量增加量提高33.09%,干质量增加量提高23.11%。接种菌剂能改善土壤肥力,显著提高土壤有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量,接种单个菌株B3、F6处理相较于CK处理有效磷含量分别提高了14.49%、9.9%;速效钾含量提高了10.4%、16.47%;碱解氮含量提高了25.85%、14.35%;接种混合菌株B3+F6处理相较于CK处理有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别提高了37.02%、12.64%、16.77%。土壤理化性质与火龙果促生指标相关性分析结果表明,接种复合菌剂下,土壤速效钾含量与火龙果地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量、火龙果氮磷钾积累存在显著正相关。由以上可以得出,接种B3和F6复合菌剂对火龙果地上部分鲜质量、干质量及火龙果根系具有明显提升效果,对火龙果氮磷钾营养元素的累积有增效作用,同时具有提高土壤肥力的功效。

罗甸火龙果产业发展现状及提质增效对策与建议

阐述了贵州省罗甸县火龙果产业发展现状,分析了罗甸火龙果产业面临的挑战,最后结合罗甸火龙果产业发展实际提出产业提质增效的对策与建议,以期为罗甸火龙果产业高质量发展提供决策参考。

基于CiteSpace的火龙果产业研究现状与热点趋势分析

本文依托中国知网数据库,将主题为“火龙果”“火龙果产业”“火龙果包装”“火龙果品牌”和“火龙果软实力”的期刊文献作为研究对象,筛选2013—2023年的期刊文献,利用Citespace对火龙果产业的研究现状、热点和趋势进行了可视化分析,以期为贵州火龙果产业的软实力提升提供依据和参考。

火龙果生长支撑架改良与优化设计

本文介绍了一种以不锈钢为主要材料的新型火龙果生长支撑架,具有高强度、耐腐蚀、使用寿命长等优点。该支撑架能方便调整支撑支杆的臂展维度,以适应火龙果不同生长阶段的需求,并具有遮阳防虫功能。相较于传统木质、竹制支架,该不锈钢支架提供了更可靠的支撑,提高了火龙果的生长质量和产量,改善了农业景观。此外,该支撑架还可适用于葡萄、百香果等藤蔓作物,具有广泛的园艺、农业、生态修复、家庭园艺和商业种植应用前景。这一创新设计为农业生产和生态环境修复提供了更灵活、耐用的植物支撑解决方案。

贵州地方火龙果芽变种质DNA指纹图谱及遗传多样性的ISSR分析

【目的】为了构建火龙果芽变种质的DNA指纹图谱,并揭示种质间的遗传关系,【方法】以贵州近几年选育的一些优良火龙果种质为试材,采用ISSR标记技术和NTSYS 2.01软件对这些新种质及其原始品种进行分析。【结果】利用筛选出的52条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出364个清晰、重复性好的标记,其中215个（60%）为多态性标记。M08、845和881等3个引物扩增出的标记能将22份种质区分开来。采用NTSYS 2.01软件计算,供试种质间的相似性系数为0.70~0.96,平均0.81,其中红肉种质间平均值为0.82,白肉为0.89。UPGMA聚类分析显示,在相似系数0.9处可将供试材料分为11类,其中7份分别各自聚类（红肉占86%）。【结论】火龙果体细胞变异率较高,且红肉品种高于白肉品种,通过芽变选种能有效地实现遗传改良。

采收期对火龙果果实品质及贮藏特性的影响

为了对火龙果的科学合理采收提供理论依据,以白玉龙火龙果为试材,探讨了不同采收期果实在常温下贮藏的生理和品质的变化。结果表明:不同采收期的火龙果果实在贮藏过程中呼吸强度逐渐下降,呈现非跃变型果实的特征,早采收的果实呼吸强度大;随着采收期的延迟,总糖和可溶性固形物增加,而叶绿素含量、VC含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和可滴定酸含量下降,外观艳丽,风味变好。在贮藏过程中,果实VC含量、可滴定酸含量和叶绿素含量逐渐下降,可溶性蛋白质含量和失重率逐渐上升,总糖和可溶性固形物含量表现出先升高后下降的趋势。花后25 d采收的果实在常温贮藏期间呼吸强度较低,能保持相对较高的总糖含量、VC含量和可溶性固形物含量,失重率低,贮藏效果好,为最适宜的采收期。