A new abdominal drainage tube fixation method for 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy improves patients’postoperative quality of life

Objective Laparoscopic surgery has become a routine general surgery with many advantages,such as alleviating abdominal pain.However,postoperative pain caused by abdominal drainage tubes has attracted little attention from medical staff.The aim of this study was to explore the influence of a new abdominal drainage tube fixation method for 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)on patients’postoperative quality of life.Methods Patients who underwent 3-port LC with abdominal drainage tubes in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Linyi People’s Hospital from March 1,2023 to October 31,2023 due to gallstones with chronic cholecystitis were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.In the experimental group,the new abdominal drainage tube fixation method was used,while in the control group,the traditional method was used.Afterward,the quality of life of patient in terms of pain,activity,recovery time,and mental health status was evaluated.The exudate around the patient’s drainage tube was collected for bacterial culture and analysis.Results A total of 139 patients were randomly divided into an experimental group(70 patients)and a control group(69 patients).The patients’baseline characteristics were not significantly different.The patients in the experimental group had better outcomes in quality of life,with higher pain scores(24.03±2.37 vs.15.48±2.29,p<0.001)and activity scores(20.57±1.78 vs.14.13±1.43,p<0.001),and a shorter postoperative recovery time(2.36±0.68 d vs.2.96±1.34 d,p<0.001).The same results were shown in linear regression analysis scores of the 2 groups.The positive rate of bacterial culture in the exudate around the patient’s drainage tube in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(12.9%vs.43.5%,p<0.001);and furthermore,the positive rate of conditional pathogenic bacteria was even lower(7.1%vs.33.3%,p<0.001)in the experimental group than in the control group.Conclusion This new abdominal drainage tube fixation method can effectively promote patient rehabilitation and improve the quality of life for patient following 3-port LC with abdominal drainage tubes.

Selection of Water Transmission Method and Analysis of Pipe Network Zoning in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Design

With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.

One-dimensional nonlinear consolidation analysis of soil with continuous drainage boundary

Following the assumptions proposed by MESRI and ROKHSAR,the one-dimensional nonlinear consolidation problem of soil under constant loading is studied by introducing continuous drainage boundary.The numerical solution is derived by using finite difference method and its correctness is assessed by comparing with existing analytical and numerical solutions.Based on the present solution,the effects of interface parameters,stress ratios(i.e.,final effective stress over initial effective stress,N_(σ))and the ratio c_(c)/c_(k)of compression index to permeability index on the consolidation behavior of soil are studied in detail.The results show that,the characteristics of one-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of soil are not only related to c_(c)/c_(k)and N_(σ),but also related to boundary conditions.In the engineering practice,the soil drainage rate of consolidation process can be designed by adjusting the values of interface parameters.

Calculation of the ultimate depth of a scour pit after debris flow through drainage canal ribs

Drainage canals are engineering structures widely used for debris flow mitigation.When passing through a drainage canal,debris flow usually scours the gully bed at the back of the rib sill of the drainage canal,which leads to failure of the rib sill.Therefore,the scour depth at the back of the rib sill is an important design problem and it is related to the economic benefits of engineering and service years.To explore the law of the depth of the scour pit after debris flow through drainage canal ribs,we first proposed a formula for the calculation of the maximum scour depth at the back of a rib sill based on energy conservation.We then conducted a series of simulation experiments to test the proposed formula.The experimental results show that the scour depth,trench slope and the distance between ribs all increase with a decrease in debris flow density.We then compared the results of experiments and formula calculations.Through the testing analysis,we found that the calculation results of the conductedformula correspond with the experimental results better.Finally,taking Qipan Gully as an example,we designed the ultimate depth of a drainage canal for debris flow using the calculation formula.

广义Riccati展开法及其在foam drainage方程中的应用

应用双曲函数法结合Riccati方程,求得foam drainage方程的精确解.通过这种方法可以得到此方程的新的孤立波解与周期解,并且此方法可以用来求解其它许多的非线性演化方程.

Predicting air pressure in drainage stack of high-rise building

It is necessary to understand the features of air pressure in a drainage stack of a high-rise building for properly designing and operating a drainage system. This paper presents a mathematical model for predicting the stack performance. A step function is used to describe the effect of the air entrainment caused by the water discharged from branch pipes. An additional source term is introduced to reflect the gas-liquid interphase interaction （GLII） and stack base effect. The drainage stack is divided into upper and base parts. The air pressure in the upper part is predicted by a total variation diminishing （TVD） scheme, while in the base part, it is predicted by a characteristic line method （CLM）. The predicted results are compared with the data measured in a real-scale high- rise test building. It is found that the additional source term in the present model is effective. It intensively influences the air pressure distribution in the stack. The air pressure is also sensitive to the velocity-adjusting parameter （VAP）, the branch pipe air entrainment, and the conditions on the stack bottom.

WATER AND SALT MOVEMENTS IN SIMULTANEOUS FLOOD-IRRIGATION AND WELL-DRAINAGE OPERATIONS

This paper describes a new technology for solonchak soil reclamation in which surface flood irrigation of fresh water and pumped wells drainage of salty groundwater are combined. The comprehensive investigation of water and salt movement has been conducted through field test, laboratory simulation and numerical calculation. The dependence of desalination on irrigation water quantity, drainage quantity, leaching time and other parameters is obtained based on the field tests. The entire desalination process under the flood-irrigation and well-drainage operations was experimentally simulated in a vertical soil column. The water and salt movement has been numerically analysed for both the field and laboratory conditions. The present work indicates that this new technology can greatly improve the effects of desalination.

Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of fractional viscoelastic saturated soils under continuous drainage boundary conditions

This paper presents the one-dimensional(1D)viscoelastic consolidation system of saturated clayey soil under continuous drainage boundaries.The fractional-derivative Merchant(FDM)model has been introduced into the consolidation system to simulate the viscoelasticity.Swartzendruber’s flow law is also introduced to describe the non-Darcian flow characteristics simultaneously.The generalized numerical solution of the 1D consolidation under continuous boundaries is given by the finite difference scheme.Furthermore,to illustrate the effectiveness of the numerical method,two simplified cases are compared against the current analytical and numerical results.Finally,the effects of boundary parameters and model parameters on the viscoelastic consolidation were illustrated and discussed.The results indicated that the boundary parameters have a significant influence on consolidation.The larger the values of boundary parameters,the faster the whole dissipation of the excess pore-water pressure and soils’settlement rate.Fractional-order and viscosity parameter have little effect on consolidation,which are primarily significant in the middle and late consolidation phases.With the increase of the modulus ratio,the whole consolidation process becomes faster.Moreover,considering Swartzendruber’s flow delays the consolidation rate of the soil layer.

铺设方式对新型土工织物排水效率影响的试验研究

新型土工织物是一种排水效率较高的土工材料,相比传统土工织物,能将路基内的水分更高效率、更大程度地排出。目前关于这种新型土工织物的排水机理已有一定研究,但关于其铺设方式对排水效率的影响还缺乏系统研究。鉴于此,基于新型土工织物的编织结构、排水方式和墨水消散试验,通过在砂土中铺设一层土工织物,开展不同铺设方式下的排水对比试验,研究新型土工织物不同铺设方式对排水量、砂土湿润锋,砂土含水率(体积、质量)的影响规律。研究结果表明:新型土工织物水平+垂直向上铺设、新型土工织物水平+垂直向下铺设、传统土工织物水平+垂直向下铺设收集到的水量分别较砂土自由排水多12.23%、10.41%和5.97%;新型土工织物排水效率受铺设方式的影响,新型土工织物水平+垂直向上铺设排水效率最大;新型土工织物水平+垂直向上铺设时,不仅增加了排水路径,还扩大了排水影响范围,使砂土形成一定的湿度差,产生的吸力差能驱使水分迁移,加之新型土工织物的毛细作用,更多的水分被导出;砂土自由排水时,自由水沿孔隙排出,砂土中铺设传统土工织物,虽增加了排水路径,加速了排水效率,但其是憎水材料,在非饱和环境下排水效率低。研究成果可为新型土工织物处治路基病害的设计、施工提供参考。

经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术患者出院准备度评估指标的构建

目的构建经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术PTBD患者出院准备度评估指标。方法以Meleis等的转移理论为基础,通过查阅文献、半结构式访谈及小组讨论,初步形成PTBD患者出院准备度评估指标,并采用德尔菲法进行2轮专家函询,通过层次分析法确定各指标权重。结果2轮函询问卷的有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数为0.964和0.972,肯德尔和谐系数为0.240和0.228(P<0.001),最终形成的PTBD患者出院准备度评估指标,包含4个一级指标、35个二级指标。结论构建的PTBD患者出院准备度评估指标具有较好的科学性和可靠性,可作为判断PTBD患者出院准备程度的评估工具。

径向固结系数计算方法与试验验证研究

基于Terzaghi-Rendulic的轴对称固结理论,提出了一种径向固结系数计算公式,采用GDS固结试验验证该公式的有效性。首先,利用径向固结度和时间因子的关系,推导出径向固结系数的计算公式。然后,采用GDS固结试验系统,开展了不同固结压力下的径向排水固结试验,得到位移~时间曲线。最后,利用提出的公式计算出各级固结压力下的径向固结系数,并将理论解答与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明,提出的计算方法是可行的,能够实现对径向排水固结的试样位移随时间变化关系进行较为准确的预测。

农田排涝模数计算方法比较研究

【目的】探究径流深与排涝模数计算方法的差异性,确定合理的农田排水工程规模。【方法】基于历史降水资料、排涝泵站运行数据和土地利用类型数据,计算三江平原绥滨县蜿蜒河涝区实际径流深(RO),采用综合加权法和SCS-CN方法计算了涝区理论径流深(R_(GM)、R_(SCS)),在此基础上,用经验公式法和平均排除法计算区域排涝模数(Q_(E)、Q_(A)),比较分析径流深与排涝模数计算方法的适用性。【结果】在同一年份同一重现期下,降水历时越长实际径流深越大;同一降水历时同一重现期下,实际径流深随着年份的推移而减小;实际径流深和排涝模数与理论径流深和排涝模数存在偏差。大降水情况时,R_(GM)>R_(SCS)>R_(O);小降水情况时,R_(SCS)<R_(GM)<R_(O)。根据实际和理论径流深计算出的排涝模数规律与径流深规律相同;大降水情况下,1日降水历时Q_(A)>Q_(E);3日降水历时Q_(A)<Q_(E)。【结论】考虑了前期土壤状况的SCS-CN方法更适宜平原涝区径流深计算,但需要选择适宜的CN值。引入迟缓-槽蓄系数的平均排除法更能反映出大流域的调蓄作用。在经济发展水平较低且经济增速缓慢的地区,对于大面积滞蓄条件较好的平原涝区选择更长的排涝历时时,采用加入槽蓄-迟缓系数的平均排除法计算排涝模数更适宜。

固定化耐酸曲霉对Pb2+的去除及机理研究

固定化微生物技术凭借处理效率高、投入成本低的优势在重金属废水处理领域应用颇为广泛,然而相关的重金属去除机理尚不明确。以从酸性矿山废水中筛出的耐酸曲霉Aspergillus sp.MF1作为研究对象,对其进行固定化处理,运用亚细胞分离技术以及五步提取法并通过SEM、FTIR表征初步揭示固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1去除Pb^(2+)的机理。研究结果表明,在pH为3.5,初始Pb^(2+)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1对于Pb^(2+)的去除率最高可达78.26%。固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1去除Pb^(2+)的机理可归纳为两点,一是源于固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1载体的高比表面积、聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠等材料表面活性基团对Pb^(2+)的吸附,二是归于Aspergillus sp.MF1细胞壁对于Pb^(2+)的螯合、吸附和离子交换作用,以及液泡和其他细胞器的隔室化作用。此外,固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1连续循环使用5次对Pb^(2+)的去除率均能达到30%以上,且在去除过程中未发生破裂、细胞泄露等情况。

一步法与二步法超声引导经皮肝穿刺肝总管置管引流术在晚期低位胆道梗阻的疗效及并发症分析

目的探究一步法与二步法超声引导经皮肝穿刺肝总管置管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic hepatic duct drainage,PTHD)治疗晚期低位胆道梗阻的疗效。方法2019年1月~2023年7月于本院接受姑息性穿刺减黄手术治疗的晚期低位胆道梗阻病人112例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,一步组56例,采用一步法PTHD手术;二步组56例,采用二步法PTHD手术。比较两组病人手术相关指标、术前及术后3天血清总胆红素(TBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、术后并发症发生情况及病人满意度。结果一步组术中出血量为(2.96±0.50)ml,与二步组的(3.02±0.53)ml比较,差异无统计学意义,术后48小时引流量分别为(555.84±90.51)ml和(560.52±104.23)ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);一步组手术时间为(32.50±4.26)分钟,术后VAS评分为(3.72±1.57)分,二步组分别为(36.43±3.58)分钟和(4.53±1.34)分,穿刺成功率分别为96.43%和76.69%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后两组病人TBIL、ALP、ALT水平较术前均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但一步组与二步组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组并发症发生率分别为3.57%和7.14%,差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率=0.679);一步组病人的满意度显著高于二步组病人(94.64%vs.75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论一步法PTHD术操作时间更短且穿刺成功率更高,病人疼痛较轻,可显著提高病人满意度。

负压排水法处理工程泥浆的室内模型试验

现有传统处理工程泥浆的方法存在耗时、耗能、昂贵等缺点,而负压排水法具有绿色节能、施工简单、有效提高排水速率等特点。进行了负压排水法处理工程泥浆的室内模型试验研究,对其可行性进行讨论分析。通过使用自制试验箱和负压虹吸装置进行试验,并在虹吸管内连接测压表对装置负压实时监测。试验结果表明:在排水管内径为4 mm的前提下,负压排水能长期稳定进行;负压大小、排水效率都与排水高差呈正相关,且负压排水法处理小厚度泥浆效果较好,处理大厚度泥浆效果则会稍差。用该方法处理工程泥浆高效且免动力,可运用于实际。

基于遗憾值决策分析的排水管网改造方案评估方法研究

城市排水管网优化改造是当前我国解决城市水环境污染问题的重要途径之一。基于遗憾值决策分析理论提出了排水管网改造方案优化评估方法,在获取排水管网数据准确值受限时,可从改造方案的遗憾值角度量化评估排水管网改造方案的优劣性,并以典型混合型体制排水系统为例,全生命周期优化评估管网改造方案,结果表明截流式合流制相比于雨污分流与调蓄池措施更具有优越性。研究成果不仅为排水管网改造方案优化评估提供了创新思路,而且进一步丰富了不同排水体制优劣性问题的理论研究。

竹炭密度测定方法研究

采用排液法、振实法和自然堆积法3种方法测定竹炭密度,探究不同测定方法对试样规格、测试参数的要求及其对测试结果精确度的影响。结果表明:用排液法测试颗粒状竹炭密度时,测试介质宜选用液体石蜡,且机械窑竹炭的密度测定结果精确度更高,标准差为0.047 g·cm^(-3);用振实法测试粉末状竹炭密度时,选择振动频率200 r·min^(-1)、振动次数1000次、试样规格180目的参数条件下测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.0032 g·cm^(-3);使用自然堆积法测定颗粒状竹炭密度时设定高度差3 cm时的测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.00095 g·cm^(-3),测定粉末状竹炭密度时选择试样规格60目,下落高度5 cm时的测定结果精确度最高,标准差为0.00014 g·cm^(-3)。

聚合物改性钙基膨润土制备工艺对水力性能的影响

以钙基膨润土为原土,聚丙烯酸钠为聚合物添加剂,采用干混、湿混、物理捏合和原位聚合法制备改性膨润土.通过自由膨胀和改进滤失试验,评估了酸性矿山废水作用下制备工艺对改性膨润土水力性能的影响.结果表明,在酸性矿山废水作用下,干混、湿混和物理捏合法制备的改性膨润土膨胀指数较原土增大1.1~4倍,滤失量、渗透系数增大2.7~5.3倍和1.4~2.4倍,原位聚合法制备的改性膨润土膨胀指数较原土增大4倍,滤失量、渗透系数下降30%和97%.改性膨润土在酸性矿山废水中的水力性能如下:原位聚合>物理捏合>湿混>干混.场地污染较轻、材料应用成本有限时,可采用干混制备工艺;场地污染严重、污染物管控严格时,可采用原位聚合制备工艺.

关于城市生活污水集中收集率核算方法的研究

阐述了核算城市生活污水集中收集率的必要性及该指标对管网精准排查的指导作用。在探讨原有城市生活污水集中收集率核算方法局限性的基础上,综述了现有国内对城市生活污水收集处理设施质效的研究和评估,对比了不同的研究思路和核算方法,提出更为科学、准确的核算方式。基于优化核算参数的需求,综述了运用监测和模拟技术分析管网内部复杂运行状态、量化影响管网水量、水质变化因素的研究。对广泛运用智慧水务进行全流域一体化动态监测及实时水量水质平衡分析的前景提出了展望。

排水方式及加载条件对三筒型基础水平承载的影响

以三筒型基础为研究对象,分析吸力筒筒高、加载角度、加载速度以及排水条件对其承载性能的影响。研究表明,在其他3种影响因素不变的情况下,随着筒裙高度的增大,三筒基础的水平承载力提高;不排水条件下,加载速度明显影响筒型基础水平承载力和筒内孔隙水压力,排水条件下加载速度对筒型基础的水平承载力影响有限;加载角度不同,筒型基础的水平承载力最大增加1倍;不排水条件较排水条件可致使水平极限承载力最大增幅达149%。因此,实际工程中,沉放三筒型基础后,宜关闭筒顶阀门,有助于筒型基础保持较好的水平承载能力。