Daqing Oilfield Liquid Phase Underbalanced Drilling Improving Drilling Speed Evaluation Method

Factors affecting the drilling speed are very complex, such as formation factor (layers lithology, depth, porosity and reservoir pressure), fluid density, drilling parameters (bit pressure and speed), drill types, etc. Although liquid phase underbalanced drilling technology is to increase the penetration rate and shorten the drilling cycle, there is no evaluation model currently, so we cannot evaluate which factors can have a greater impact on speed. Based on the establishment of equivalent density and improvement of ROP (Rate of Penetration) calculation model, this paper is about the application of underbalanced drilling technology to improve drilling speed multiple sizes.

A Novel Half-Bridge Power Supply for High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining

High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining (HSDEDM) uses controlled electric sparks to erode the metal in a work-piece. Through the years, HSDEDM process has widely been used in high speed drilling and in manufacturing large aspect ratio holes for hard-to-machine material. The power supplies of HSDEDM providing high power applica-tions can have different topologies. In this paper, a novel Pulsed-Width-Modulated (PWM) half-bridge HSDEDM power supply that achieves Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) for switches and Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) for the dis-charge gap has been developed. This power supply has excellent features that include minimal component count and inherent protection under short circuit conditions. This topology has an energy conservation feature and removes the need for output bulk capacitors and resistances. Energy used in the erosion process will be controlled by the switched IGBTs in the half-bridge network and be transferred to the gap between the tool and work-piece. The relative tool wear and machining speed of our proposed topology have been compared with that of a normal power supply with current limiting resistances.

D703C High Speed EDM Microhole Drilling

The machine is a third generation high-speed EDM microhole drilling machinedeveloped and produced by the SuzhouElectromachining Tool Research Institute.It is used in cutting wire-guiding holes,jetholes for fuel pumps,holes for jet plates

In situ strength profiles along two adjacent vertical drillholes from digitalization of hydraulic rotary drilling

Drilling speed and associated analyses from factual field data of hydraulic rotary drilling have not been fully utilized.The paper provides the reference and comparison for the utilization of drilling information from two adjacent vertical drillholes that were formed with the same hydraulic rotary drilling machine and bit.The analysis of original factual data is presented to obtain the constant drilling speed during net drilling process.According to the factual data along two adjacent drillholes,the digitalization results respectively include 461 linear zones and 210 linear zones with their constant drilling speeds and associated drilling parameters.The digitalization results can accurately present the spatial distributions and interface boundaries of drilled geomaterials and the results are consistent with the paralleled site loggings.The weighted average drilling speeds from 2.335 m/min to 0.044 m/min represent 13 types of drilled geomaterials from soils to hard rocks.The quantitative relation between drilling speed and strength property is provided.The digitalization results can statistically profile the basic strength quality grades of III to VI from soils to hard rocks.The thickness distributions of four strength quality grades are presented for each individual type of geomaterials along two drillholes.In total,50.2%of geomaterials from drillhole A are grade IV and 57.4%of geomaterials from drillhole B are grade III.The digitalization results can offer an accurate and cost-effective tool to quantitatively describe the spatial distribution and in situ strength profile of drilled geomaterials in the current drilling projects.

Drilling of TiO₂and Zns Filled Gfrp Composites

In the present work an attempt has been made in order to investigate the drilling behavior of the TiO2 and ZnS filled Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites (GFRP). The volume fractions in the matrix were chosen as 1%, 2% and 3%. Drilling has been conducted on a radial drilling machine. Speed of drilling and drill tool diameter were considered as the varying parameters with three levels. Thrust force has been considered as the output parameter and is been measured in each combination of parameters chosen. Results reveal that, the addition of filler will increase the thrust force developed during drilling, also results indicate that, addition of filler will increase thrust force upto 2 volume % of filler thereafter increase in filler content result in almost constant thrust developed. Also it can be observed that, with the increase in drill tool diameter the thrust developed also increases.

“NEW-DRILL”提速新工具在元坝气田的应用

元坝气田陆相深部的自流井组和须家河组地层岩性致密,非均质性强,砾岩含量高（最高可达50%）,地层研磨性强（可钻性为8 级以上）,且钻井液密度高（最高可达2.4 g/cm^3）,压持效应大,导致牙轮钻头磨损速度快,单只钻头进尺少,是制约元坝钻井提速的关键层段.为了解决这一关键层段钻井提速问题,针对元坝陆相深部高压致密研磨性地层的钻井难点,从破岩工具入手,通过对破岩机理的进一步研究分析,提出了要应用为钻头提供持续的扭矩、恒定转速和钻压的动力工具,以增加钻头的破岩能力,减少钻柱的震荡,减少切削时滑脱和钻压波动,同时配合高效的PDC 钻头或孕镶金刚石钻头,从而提高钻井效率的思路.为此,元坝气田开展了“NEW-DRILL”提速新工具的现场应用,获得了成功,取得了明显的效果.使元坝气田三开平均机械钻速由0.76 m/h 提高到2.06 m/h;周期由150-170 d 缩短到90-110 d.缩短率为35%,有效地解决了元坝气田钻井提速的技术瓶颈问题.现场应用表明,“NEW-DRILL”提速新工具能够有效提高陆相地层的机械钻速,具有进一步推广应用前景.

A LESO Based Backstepping Controller Considering Coal Seam Hardness for Rotary Speed in Coal Mine Tunnel Drilling Process

In the process of coal mine drilling,controlling the rotary speed is important as it determines the efficiency and safety of drilling.In this paper,a linear extended state observer(LESO)based backstepping controller for rotary speed is proposed,which can overcome the impact of changes in coal seam hardness on rotary speed.Firstly,the influence of coal seam hardness on the drilling rig’s rotary system is considered for the first time,which is reflected in the numerical variation of load torque,and a dynamic model for the design of rotary speed controller is established.Then an LESO is designed to observe the load torque,and feedforward compensation is carried out to overcome the influence of coal seam hardness.Based on the model of the compensated system,a backstepping method is used to design a controller to achieve tracking control of the rotary speed.Finally,the effectiveness of the controller designed in this paper is demonstrated through simulation and field experiments,the steady-state error of the rotary speed in field is 1 r/min,and the overshoot is reduced to 5.8%.This greatly improves the stability and security,which is exactly what the drilling process requires.

井研-犍为地区难钻地层钻头优选及应用

井研-犍为构造位于川西南坳陷铁山-威远穹隆带构造西南部,陡坡寺、龙王庙、沧浪铺地层可钻性差,已钻8口井普遍存在钻井周期长、机械钻速低的问题。对难钻地层进行露头采集,进行岩石力学分析,认为前期对该地区地层抗钻特征认识不清楚、钻头选型针对性不强是导致机械钻速低的主要因素。针对目前该区块钻井提速面临的主要问题,定量评价了难钻地层的抗钻特征,提出了钻井提速优化技术方案:二开优选6刀翼聚晶金刚石复合片钻头配合大扭矩等壁厚螺杆,强化钻井参数,提升破岩效率;三开优选混合钻头,利用牙轮齿的冲击压入作用和聚晶金刚石复合片钻头齿的剪切作用,提升在难钻地层中的定向效率。通过实施上述方案,同JS103HF井相比,JS103-4HF井难钻地层平均机械钻速提高75%,三开钻井周期同比缩短50.6%,提速效果显著,对加快该区块的油气勘探开发进程具有重要意义。

基于BO-LSTM的海洋浅层钻井机械钻速预测方法

机械钻速是衡量钻井效率的最重要指标,而机械钻速预测可以帮助钻井工程更加有效地对钻井过程进行优化,然而机械钻速受地质特性、钻柱组合、钻井液性能、钻井参数等多因素影响,难以准确预测。该文以渤中某区块的钻井实测数据为基础,提出一种基于贝叶斯优化算法优化长短时间记忆神经网络的机械钻速预测模型,并与标准的LSTM神经网络预测模型和灰狼优化算法优化LSTM神经网络的预测模型作对比分析。选取了渤中区块的3口井进行实验,评级模型的适应性。结果表明,贝叶斯优化LSTM机械钻速预测模型相对于另外两种模型,具有更良好的预测精度。

夏子街油田X50区块随钻地层边界探测工具应用

夏子街油田X50井区受构造复杂影响,水平井钻井过程中出现钻入储层上部或者下部低钻速泥岩中造成井壁不稳定、卡钻、水平段井斜调整困难、追不到目的层而导致侧钻等问题。针对存在问题,斯伦贝谢公司结合本区块地质及储层的电阻率特征,进行旋转导向配合边界探测工具的可行性研究。边界探测工具探测深度较深,是具有方向性测量的随钻电磁感应测井工具,应用实时导向软件对测量参数进行反演,估算出工具到地层边界的距离以及地层边界的延伸方向。现场实践表明,在第一口水平井SP-2井侧钻过程中,使用边界探测工具能够提前预判储层顶和底部泥岩的位置,并根据轨迹与边界的距离进行实时调整,避免钻遇泥岩,机械钻速提升近两倍,储层钻遇率达100%,减少了循环和决策时间,提高了钻井效率。SP-2井侧钻成功为后期新区开发提供了技术保障,也为实现工程地质一体化奠定了基础。

圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡性能与参数分析

为规避当前施工方法的不足,发展安全、高效和可靠的施工方法。依托东北地区某高速铁路路堑边坡工程,采用适于机械钻孔的圆形抗滑桩代替现行矩形抗滑桩,预制拱形挡土板,本文提出一种新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系;并构建有限元模型,分析桩长、桩径、桩间距以及拱形挡土板矢跨比对新型拱形板-桩墙支挡体系支护性能的影响;揭示不同参数下桩顶水平位移与桩身内力的变化规律。研究结果表明:桩长与桩身弯矩和剪力大小呈正相关关系,与桩顶水平位移呈负相关关系。桩长超过14 m时,其对桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力的影响效应明显减弱;随着桩间距增大,桩顶水平位移增大但变化幅度逐渐减小。拱形挡土板矢跨比增大时,桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩和剪力均减小。影响拱形板-桩墙体系支挡性能的因素依次为桩间距、桩长、桩径和矢跨比。研究结果为圆形抗滑桩-拱形挡土板支挡体系在实际工程中的应用提供新思路。

旋冲钻进系统控制策略研究现状与发展趋势

深部硬岩地层钻进效率低、成本高等问题是深井、超深井钻井过程中长期面临的难点问题。旋冲钻进技术由于破岩效率高、能降低黏滑振动以及钻压传递效率高等优点,在深地资源勘探开采、应急钻孔救援、钻井工程施工等领域逐渐得到应用,呈现出广阔的应用前景。然而,旋冲钻进系统具有强耦合、高度非线性、参数时变性、负载工况多变、多源动力协同等特性,常规控制方法难以取得理想的控制效果。为提升深井、超深井高端钻进装备的可靠性和智能化水平,研究钻进系统的控制策略具有重要的理论研究价值和工程实际意义。对旋冲钻进系统的组成结构及功能进行介绍;从钻速、钻压、钻进轨迹控制等角度综述近年来国内外研究机构和学者的研究成果;最后,对旋冲钻进系统控制策略未来的发展方向进行分析与展望。

胜利西部探区哈山地区组合钻井技术研究及应用

为解决胜利西部探区哈山地区中深层石炭系、二叠系坚硬地层可钻性差、地层倾角大、井斜难控制、井壁易失稳等技术难题,实现油气储量的高效勘探、效益开发,在现用常规钻井技术的基础上,通过分段组合钻井技术适用性研究与工艺优化,针对石炭系、二叠系的云质岩、火成岩难钻地层,提出气体钻井相关提速及安全施工配套技术,形成了地区施工规范;在气体钻井转钻井液施工后,优先选用“气体钻井+‘孕镶钻头+涡轮钻具/高速螺杆’”组合钻井技术,并针对地层特点研发了不同尺寸的高效孕镶钻头系列,实现井斜控制与机械钻速双提高。该组合钻井技术在哈山3和哈山2等井成功应用,取得了良好的效果,其中哈山3井气体钻井机械钻速达到5.2m/h,较常规钻井方式提速3倍以上,转钻井液施工后采用孕镶钻头+涡轮钻具/高速螺杆施工,地层倾角为30°,井斜控制良好,机械钻速接近1m/h,较常规钻井技术表现出良好的区域应用效果。现场应用表明,“气体钻井+‘孕镶钻头+涡轮钻具/高速螺杆’”组合钻井技术是实现胜利西部探区哈山地区中深层钻井提速提效的一种有效手段,但该组合钻井技术也存在瓶颈,结合对粒子冲击钻井技术的适用性研究,建议下步引进并完善粒子冲击钻井技术,力争实现区域钻井提速提效再突破。

基于Attention-LSTM时序模型的机械钻速预测方法

针对石油天然气开采成本优化的需求,聚焦钻井作业中提速的关键技术,即机械钻速的预测。传统预测方法通常只考虑瞬时工程参数对机械钻速的影响,而未充分考虑钻井作业的时序性以及机械钻速在时间序列上的相关性。提出一种结合时序特征的机械钻速预测模型,该模型基于Attention-LSTM架构。通过Attention机制,模型有效捕捉了工程参数与机械钻速之间的相关性,并利用LSTM网络提取参数的时序特征,增强了模型对时间依赖性的捕捉能力。实验结果证实,所提模型相较于传统深度神经网络在预测精度上有显著提升。添加的Attention机制进一步提升了模型的解释性、训练效率及预测准确性。采用实际油田钻井数据对提出的方法进行了验证,并与现有几种机械钻速预测模型进行了对比分析,证明了本文方法在准确性、可靠性及解释性方面的优势。

旋挤钻法在软土及砂土地层施工灌注桩的研究

研究目的:采用常规旋挖钻法在地下水丰富的黏土地层和软土及砂土地层施工的灌注桩,部分灌注桩因坍孔出现扩径和缩径,扩径浪费混凝土,缩径使灌注桩不合格,由此提出把旋挖钻法改进为旋挤钻法,达到灌注桩轻微扩径不缩径不浪费混凝土的完整合格桩,本文对其展开研究。研究结论:(1)把旋挖钻法钻斗的慢速重钻改进为旋挤钻法钻斗的快速轻钻可行,可减小振动,挤密孔壁土,预防孔壁坍孔;(2)旋挤钻法成孔对于地表浅部极易坍孔地层用长护筒护壁,且护筒长度要大于极易坍孔地层厚度,对于易坍孔和不易坍孔地层用比重1.25和1.15等指标的泥浆护壁,且泥浆护壁是以垂直式的可控泥浆和离心力水平式的扰动土混合泥浆共同作用于护壁,迫使孔内部分扰动土与泥浆粘黏旋挤进入孔壁内,孔壁得到加固稳定不坍孔;(3)采用旋挤钻法在地下水丰富的黏土地层和软土及砂土地层施工的灌注桩,灌注混凝土充盈系数为1.02~1.03和1.04~1.05,均达到轻微扩径不缩径不浪费混凝土的完整合格桩;且成孔效率高,可减少污染、节约成本;(4)本研究成果可为铁路、公路等领域提高混凝土灌注桩施工质量提供参考。

疏松砂岩稠油油田钻井液提速技术研究

渤海绥中36-1、旅大5-2油田属于特高孔、特高渗储层,经过二次调整开发地层压力体系复杂,钻井过程中要钻遇到多种复杂地层,存在地层压力、地层状态、岩性和地层分层深度等不确定等因素,制约了钻井时效。为了加快勘探开发进程,研究和开发了钻井液提速剂,降低了钻屑对钻具的吸附,改变岩石表面润湿性,提高钻井液润滑性能,从而提高钻井速度。提速剂在渤海油田A6井、A9井、A12井、A18、A22井得到了应用,从应用的效果来看,试用的5口井平均倒划眼率比原来降低了21.6%。

Development and experiment of rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land based on proportional speed regulation

Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in rice fields.The technique is also beneficial in improving root growth and root structure and in increasing lodging resistance.The high-yield record of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp’s first division for three consecutive years shows that rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land is one of the important directions to developed rice cultivating mechanization technology.To further improve the quality of rice precision hill-drop drilling machine for dry land,a single profiling,electro-hydraulic proportional real-time adjustment of system was developed according to the agronomic requirements.This machine can simultaneously finish various kinds of seedbed leveling,furrowing and seeding operations,as well as soil covering and pressing.Electro-hydraulic proportional speed regulation makes an AMESim simulation test and analyzes the stability and error of hydraulic adjusting planting distance.Bench testing was carried out on the metering device by simultaneously employing high speed photography technology and analyzing the relationship of the high speed of hill distance and seed charge height.Finally,machine trial was completed.The two-year field experiments of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp showed that when the machine operation speed is 2.8-3.2 km/h,the sowing depth percent of pass is 75%or higher,the qualified rate of row spacing is 80%or more,the pass rate of row spacing is 90%or higher,and the quantity per hill is 75%or higher.This machine met the various indicators of hill sowing quality requirements.

顺北超深超高温油气藏钻完井提速关键技术

顺北超深超高温断控型油气藏地质条件复杂、埋藏深,地层温度高、强度高,钻完井过程中漏失、坍塌、气侵、井斜和仪器工具失效等井下故障与复杂情况频发,严重制约了该油气藏的高效勘探开发。为此,针对古生界钻速慢的问题,研究了地层可钻性,优选高效钻头和大扭矩长寿命螺杆,推广应用预弯曲防斜打快技术;针对储层温度高、定向难度大的问题,推广应用高温随钻工具,配套井眼轨道设计和井眼控制技术;针对窄间隙漏失问题,采用“随钻封堵+段塞堵漏”和高性能水基钻井液;针对漏溢同层问题,应用控压钻井和平推法压井技术;针对长裸眼固井质量差的问题,采用超高温固井水泥浆体系和配套工艺。综合上述技术,研究形成了顺北超深超高温油气藏钻完井提速关键技术。该技术在顺北不同条带6口井进行了应用,基本解决了超深超高温油气藏钻井提速困难、漏溢同存等问题,钻井周期同比缩短了55.0%,机械钻速提高了184.2%。研究结果为顺北超深超高温断控型油气藏高效勘探开发提供了技术支持。

In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil improvement.Factual drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring method.These factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injection with permeable polyurethane.Result from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement vs.net drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil profile.The soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky soil.The results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site loggings.The constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled soils.By comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty clay.Laboratory tests,i.e.uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling speeds.Results show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty clay.The UCS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ method.This method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.