Intersection capacity based on driver's visual characteristics

In order to reflect the influence of the drivers＇ characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver＇s visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver＇s visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver＇s visual characteristics is obtained.

Emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy for ruptured spleen:A case report

Splenic rupture is a common consequence of blunt abdominal trauma. Emergency splenectomy is indicated when conservative management is not effective. With better understanding of the immunologic function of the spleen, surgeons have begun to perform the splenic-preserving surgery. However, it is technical challenge to perform emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy for patient with spleen rupture. A 15-year-old male patient suffered from grade. spleen injury basing on the American association for the surgery of trauma splenic injury scale. Conservative treatment failed to success basing on the dramatically decreased hemoglobin level. During the laparoscopic exploration, we found that two individual ruptures were associated with the upper pole of spleen. An emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy was successfully carried out. The operative time was approximate 150 min and the estimated blood loss was 200 mL. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 7th post-operative day. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

The influence of nonparaxiality on the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by partially coherent light

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.

Mixture of a New Integral Transform and Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we present a new method, a mixture of homotopy perturbation method and a new integral transform to solve some nonlinear partial differential equations. The proposed method introduces also He’s polynomials [1]. The analytical results of examples are calculated in terms of convergent series with easily computed components [2].

Pretreatment of caffeine leads to partial neuroprotection in MPTP model of Parkinson＇s disease

Parkinson＇s disease （PD） is disorder affecting more than a common neurodegenerative 1% people above 60 years of age worldwide, manifesting as the impaired motor function such as tremors, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia and postural inefficiency with a reduced life expectancy （Dorsey et al., 2007）. PD is believed to be the end result of the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta （SNc）.

Electrical Power Losses in a Photovoltaic Solar Cell Operating under Partial Shading Conditions

The aim of this paper is to determine the power losses recorded by a PV generator operating under partial shading conditions. These losses are evaluated through two distinct methods. The first method is based on mathematical modeling, while the second is based on Simulink’s physical model. The losses recorded are considerable and increase as a function of the increase in the percentage of shading up to a limit value where they become constant in the case where an ideal by-pass diode is connected in parallel with the modules. This limit value is non-existent in the case where the bypass diode is not ideal, which in fact corresponds to the real model. However, it emerges that the power losses are minimized in a PV system comprising bypass diodes, in particular in the case where the partial shading is considerable.

DATA MODELING METHOD BASED ON PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE REGRESSION AND APPLICATIO N IN CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE STATOR BARS CONDITION PARAMETERS

Objective To investigate v arious data message of the stator bars condition parameters under the condition that only a few samples are available, especially about correlation information between the nondestructive parameters and residual breakdown voltage of the stat or bars. Methods Artificial stator bars is designed to simulat e the generator bars. The partial didcharge( PD) and dielectric loss experiments are performed in order to obtain the nondestructive parameters, and the residua l breakdown voltage acquired by AC damage experiment. In order to eliminate the dimension effect on measurement data, raw data is preprocessed by centered-compr ess. Based on the idea of extracting principal components, a partial least squar e (PLS) method is applied to screen and synthesize correlation information betwe en the nondestructive parameters and residual breakdown voltage easily. Moreover , various data message about condition parameters are also discussed. Re sults Graphical analysis function of PLS is easily to understand vario us data message of the stator bars condition parameters. The analysis Results ar e consistent with result of aging testing. Conclusion The meth od can select and extract PLS components of condition parameters from sample dat a, and the problems of less samples and multicollinearity are solved effectively in regression analysis.

Superjunction nanoscale partially narrow mesa IGBT towards superior performance

We present a detailed study of a superjunction （S J） nanoscale partially narrow mesa （PNM） insulated gate bipolar transistor （IGBT） structure. This structure is created by combining the nanoscale PNM structure and the SJ structure together. It demonstrates an ultra-low saturation voltage （Vce（sat）） and low turn-off loss （Eoff） while maintaining other device parameters. Compared with the conventional 1.2 kV trench IGBT, our simulation result shows that the gce（sat） of this structure decreases to 0.94 V, which is close to the theoretical limit of 1.2 kV IGBT, Meanwhile, the fall time decreases from 109.7 ns to 12 ns and the Eoff is down to only 37% of that of the conventional structure. The superior tradeoff characteristic between Vce（sat） and Eoff is presented owing to the nanometer level mesa width and SJ structure. Moreover, the short circuit degeneration phenomenon in the very narrow mesa structure due to the collector-induced barriers lowering （CIBL） effect is not observed in this structure. Thus, enough short circuit ability can be achieved by using wide, floating P-well technique. Based on these structure advantages, the SJ-PNM-IGBT with nanoscale mesa width indicates a potentially superior overall performance towards the IGBT parameter limit.

U-Type Designs via New Generalized Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with <i>m</i>= 4, 5 and 7 Associated Classes

The traditional combinatorial designs can be used as basic designs for constructing designs of computer experiments which have been used successfully till now in various domains such as engineering, pharmaceutical industry, etc. In this paper, a new series of generalized partially balanced incomplete blocks PBIB designs with m associated classes (m = 4, 5 and 7) based on new generalized association schemes with number of treatments v arranged in w arrays of n rows and l columns (w ≥ 2, n ≥ 2, l ≥ 2) is defined. Some construction methods of these new PBIB are given and their parameters are specified using the Combinatory Method (s). For n or l even and s divisor of n or l, the obtained PBIB designs are resolvable PBIB designs. So the Fang RBIBD method is applied to obtain a series of particular U-type designs U (wnl;) (r is the repetition number of each treatment in our resolvable PBIB design).

THREE-SPHERE INEQUALITIES FOR SECOND ORDER SINGULAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this article, we give the three-sphere inequalities and three-ball inequalities for the singular elliptic equation div（A∨u） - Vu =0, and the three-ball inequalities on the characteristic plane and the three-cylinder inequalities for the singular parabolic equation Эtu-div（A∨u） ＋ Vu = 0, where the singular potential V belonging to the Kato-Fefferman- Phong＇s class. Some applications are also discussed.

Extraction of Partial Discharge Acoustic Signal by Wavelet Transform with Teager′s Energy Operator

To develop a measurement system for monitoring partial discharge （PD） without the effect of external interferences,an algorithm of PD signal extraction based on wavelet transform with Teager＇s energy operators was presented. Acoustic signal generated by PD was selected to remove excessive interfering signals and electromagnetic interferences. Acoustic signals were collected and decomposed into I0 levels by wavelet transform into approximation and detail components. “Daubechies 25” was proved to be the most suitable mother wavelet for the extraction of PD acoustic signals. Compared with conventional wavelet denoising method, Teager＇s energy operators were adopted to the PD signal reconstruction and the signal to noise ratio was in creased by 20%-25% inthe experiment,without lost in energy and pulse amplitude.

Excision and Partial Primary Closure of Wound for Pilonidal Disease

Background: Pilonidal disease is a common chronic disorder of the sacrococcygeal region;and its surgical management is still a matter of discussion. The ideal therapy would be a quick cure that allowed patients to return rapidly to normal activity, that is minimally invasive with no morbidity, a low risk of complication and easy to learn. Methods: Sixty seven patients with pilonidal disease were subjected to excision and partial closure procedure, from November 2006 to March 2010 at General Surgery Department, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig University, Egypt. The mean age was 27.5 years. Complete but close excision of all diseased tissues was achieved. Then, the wound partially was closed from the deepest parts only by multiples buried vertical mattress sutures by using Lasheen’s needle, and left the superficial wound parts to heal by second intention. The follow up period was ranged from 14 - 39 months (mean 27 months). Results: The mean hospital stay was 12 hours, mean operation time was 30 minutes and mean time to return to normal activity was 8 days (range 7 - 12 days). Nine cases show superficial wound infection and one case of recurrence. Conclusion: Excision and partially closure technique by using Lasheen’s needle for pilonidal diseases is minimal invasive and less morbidity, easy to learn and has favorable results regarding to return to normal activity, rate of recurrence and cosmetically acceptable.

Partial Frequencies and Chladni’s Law in Church Bells

The rim partials of a church bell (those with an antinode at the soundbow) generate the strike pitch or perceived note of the bell. The spacing in frequency of the higher rim partials has an important effect on the tonal quality of the bell. Investigations into the partial frequencies of 2752 bells, both bronze and steel, of a wide variety of dates, founders and sizes, show a simple and unexpected relationship between the frequencies of the rim partials. This relationship explains why attempts to tune the higher rim partials independently have failed. A modified version of Chladni’s law provides insight into the musical relationship of the partials, and predicts the partials of individual bells well, but fails to give a simple model of the spacing between the partials seen in bells with different profiles.

CO_(2)分压对S135钢在CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存体系中腐蚀行为的影响

为了给井下油气管材的选择和腐蚀预测模型的建立提供理论依据,利用高温高压反应釜进行S135钢在CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存体系中的腐蚀模拟试验,采用失重法、恒载荷法、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、三维轮廓扫描仪等手段研究了CO_(2)分压对S135钢在温度100℃、CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存体系中腐蚀行为的影响及规律。结果表明,随CO_(2)分压升高,S135钢的腐蚀速率增大,屈服强度损伤加剧,CO_(2)分压为5,10,15,20 MPa时,其屈服强度(σs)损伤率分别为1.4%、3.6%、4.5%和15.9%;抗拉强度(σb)损伤率分别为1.2%、3.4%、5.2%和15.4%。S135钢在低CO_(2)分压下发生全面腐蚀,随CO_(2)分压增大发展为以全面腐蚀为主,辅以局部腐蚀。应力腐蚀裂纹在萌生阶段以局部阳极溶解作用(点蚀)为主,随CO_(2)分压增大应力腐蚀裂纹更易生长,应力腐蚀敏感性增加,加剧了基体的腐蚀进程。

On the Convergence of Observed Partial Likelihood under Incomplete Data with Two Class Possibilities

In this paper, we discuss the theoretical validity of the observed partial likelihood (OPL) constructed in a Coxtype model under incomplete data with two class possibilities, such as missing binary covariates, a cure-mixture model or doubly censored data. A main result is establishing the asymptotic convergence of the OPL. To reach this result, as it is difficult to apply some standard tools in the survival analysis, we develop tools for weak convergence based on partial-sum processes. The result of the asymptotic convergence shown here indicates that a suitable order of the number of Monte Carlo trials is less than the square of the sample size. In addition, using numerical examples, we investigate how the asymptotic properties discussed here behave in a finite sample.

Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

The glutathione-S-transferase genes mainly the GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

A General Method to Compute the Electric Flux Lines between Two Magnet Wires in Close Contact and Its Application for the Evaluation of Partial Discharge Risks in the Slots of Electric Machines Embedded in Future Transportation Systems

The sizing of the Electrical Insulation System (EIS) is an important challenge in electric motors of higher specific power driven by faster inverters. That keeps increasing the electric stress which the winding is submitted in the stator slot. Consequently, Partial Discharges (PD) are more likely to occur. Nowadays, the Paschen’s criterion is widely used to evaluate the risk of partial discharge. It requires the knowledge of electric field lines. This paper presents a method to precisely compute the electric field lines in a two-dimensional (2D) electrostatic problem. The field of study is composed of two magnet wires in close contact. Such configuration is representative of the turn-to-turn interaction in an electric motor slot. The problem is solved using the scalar potential formulation only. The notion of flux tubes is used for the post process of the electric field lines in a developed numerical code on Matlab. The developed method is compared to a ballistic method already included on Matlab. The work presented here is included in an automatic tool to suppress or reduce the partial discharge risk in a stator slot of high power density motor destined for future transportation systems.

Spatio-temporal characteristics of regional sustainable economic growth drivers of China

Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC)evaluation literature,we used the regional intellectualcapitalindicator(RICI)as a model for China’s RIC evaluation to indirectly understand China’s potential economic growth drivers.Specifically,we collected statisticaldata of31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2016to measure RICI and analyze its dynamic characteristics from temporal and spatial perspectives.In this paper,Delphi analysis was used to construct RICI model,and cluster analysisand exploratory spatial data analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of RICI in China.The results showedthat RICI,which represents China’s overall economic growth drivers,increases annuallyand is consistent with economic developmentlevelduring the study period.Regarding the geo-spatial space,RICI follows the trend of“high in the east and low in the west”,gradually decreasing from eastern to western China.ForRIC structure,the shape of the radar chart of IC structure located in the eastern coastal areas is usually biased towards strong external relational capital,while that in western China is generally biased towards structural capital.For spatial correlation,China’s RICI has dependence on geographical adjacent space and economic space.Our research can provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of regional economy from an IC perspective.

碳钢在CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存体系下油田采出水中的腐蚀行为研究

CO_(2)、H_(2)S和高矿化度是油田采出水中3种常见的腐蚀因素,当3种腐蚀因素同时存在时,腐蚀行为远比CO_(2)、H_(2)S和高矿化度单独作用时复杂。利用反应釜模拟高矿化度采出水同时存在CO_(2)和H_(2)S的实际工况,研究了CO_(2)分压分别为0.15,0.75,1.5 MPa,H_(2)S分压为0.00015 MPa,温度为50,60,70℃条件下,20G、L245N和L360Q三种碳钢的腐蚀行为。结果表明,3种碳钢在CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存的油田高矿化度采出水体系中均腐蚀严重,在液相中比在气相中腐蚀更为严重,最大腐蚀速率达到3.4 mm/a,随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率整体呈现波动性下降的趋势;随实验温度的提高其腐蚀速率呈总体增大趋势;在3种分压条件下,腐蚀速率随CO_(2)分压增加先增大后减小,在分压0.75 MPa时腐蚀速率最大;3种材质腐蚀速率大小顺序为L245N>L360Q>20G,则耐蚀顺序为20G>L360Q>L245N。

H_(2)S分压对SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)炼化管道用钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探究H_(2)S分压对SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)炼化管道用钢腐蚀行为的影响,采用高压釜进行试验,通过SEM,EDS,XRD和EPMA分析了SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)钢腐蚀产物的形貌、成分和物相。结果表明,随着H_(2)S分压(PH_(2)S)的增加,SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)钢的腐蚀减薄量增大。PH_(2)S≤0.5 MPa时,以全面腐蚀为主;PH_(2)S=1.0 MPa时,钢发生全面腐蚀伴随局部腐蚀,应力促进了局部腐蚀。SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)钢耐硫化物应力腐蚀性能良好。PH_(2)S≤0.5 MPa时,腐蚀产物膜中Cr的化合物和具有保护性的硫铁化合物发挥协同作用,有效阻止介质中Cl-的侵入;PH_(2)S=1.0 MPa时,腐蚀产物膜中Cr的化合物含量少,生成的硫铁化合物不具有保护性。H_(2)S分压影响了腐蚀产物膜的生成;Cr的化合物和硫铁化合物的组成和结构的变化,是导致SA387M Gr.11CL2(H)钢发生全面腐蚀和局部腐蚀的主要原因。