The temperature drop of molten metal flowing in open channels is numerically determined. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular geometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side w...The temperature drop of molten metal flowing in open channels is numerically determined. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular geometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side walls and free surface of the channel have been taken from the literature. For each geometry, the volumetric flow rate, mean residence time and temperature drop as a function of the channel inclination angle were determined. The rectangular and trapezoidal geometries present the smallest temperature drops, while the triangular geometry presents the greatest temperature drop. The factors that most affect this drop are the value of the free surface area of the channel, and the average residence time of the molten metal in the channel.展开更多
The grid drop concept is introduced and used to develop a micromechanism-based methodology for calculating watershed flow concentration. The flow path and distance traveled by a grid drop to the outlet of the watershe...The grid drop concept is introduced and used to develop a micromechanism-based methodology for calculating watershed flow concentration. The flow path and distance traveled by a grid drop to the outlet of the watershed are obtained using a digital elevation model （DEM）. Regarding the slope as an uneven carpet through which the grid drop passes, a formula for overland flow velocity differing from Manning＇s formula for stream flow as welt as Darcy＇s formula for pore flow is proposed. Compared with the commonly used unit hydrograph and isochronal methods, this new methodology has outstanding advantages in that it considers the influences of the slope velocity field and the heterogeneity of spatial distribution of rainfall on the flow concentration process, and includes only one parameter that needs to be calibrated. This method can also be effectively applied to the prediction of hydrologic processes in un-gauged basins.展开更多
By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the e...By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.展开更多
The dropping scales is an important parameter for comber noil and combing quality. Because the rocking of the nipper shaft makes the nippers move backward and forward through a series of links, the original position o...The dropping scales is an important parameter for comber noil and combing quality. Because the rocking of the nipper shaft makes the nippers move backward and forward through a series of links, the original position of nipper frame is altered when changing the dropping scales, the other parameters of combing are changed accordingly. In this paper, the timing of opening-closing on nipper, the timing of cylinder’s combing, the timing of detaching-lapping and variation of nip pressure are calculated and their effects on combing are analyzed in different dropping scales on E7/6 comber.展开更多
In this paper,dual L defected hexagonal Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator(PCRR)using Channel Drop Filter(CDF)is designed for Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing(CWDM)systems.In this structure,the external rods of th...In this paper,dual L defected hexagonal Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator(PCRR)using Channel Drop Filter(CDF)is designed for Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing(CWDM)systems.In this structure,the external rods of the ring resonator are arranged in a hexagon and the internal rods are removed in L arrangement for introducing defects.Scatter rods are used to prevent leakage.By using the L defected hexagonal resonator,a multi-channel CDF is designed,which exhibits multiple wavelengths of CWDM(1500 nm–1600 nm)region.In addition,the selection of rod size and the position of rods in the proposed multi-channel CDF are validated by varying the radius of coupling and scattering rods,as well as the position of resonators,respectively.By using plane wave expansion and opti Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)method,the electromagnetic wave propagation and the photonic band gap are obtained.展开更多
Solvent extraction is an important process in the nuclear fuel cycle. Tributyl phosphate(TBP) diluted with dodecane is commonly used as a solvent for extracting heavy metals from nitric acid medium. Studies on hydrody...Solvent extraction is an important process in the nuclear fuel cycle. Tributyl phosphate(TBP) diluted with dodecane is commonly used as a solvent for extracting heavy metals from nitric acid medium. Studies on hydrodynamics of a single drop, which is the smallest mass transfer entity, are required for better understanding of the complex mass transfer and phase separation phenomena that occur in extraction equipment. In this study, drop formation at nozzles is studied using 30% TBP-dodecane as the dispersed phase and dilute nitric acid as the quiescent continuous phase. Experiments are carried out to determine the drop diameter, jetting velocity, drop detachment height and drop detachment time for various dispersed phase velocities, nozzle diameters(1.91, 3.04, and 4.88 mm), and nitric acid concentrations(0.01, 1, 3 N). Drop formation is captured using high-speed imaging, which enables quantification of drop size, onset of jetting, drop detachment height, and drop detachment time. Experimental data are used to propose correlations for predicting drop diameter and minimum jetting velocity. The correlations are found to be very accurate with average absolute relative errors being 5.23 and 2.97%, respectively.展开更多
文摘The temperature drop of molten metal flowing in open channels is numerically determined. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular geometries are considered. The overall heat transfer coefficients for the bottom, side walls and free surface of the channel have been taken from the literature. For each geometry, the volumetric flow rate, mean residence time and temperature drop as a function of the channel inclination angle were determined. The rectangular and trapezoidal geometries present the smallest temperature drops, while the triangular geometry presents the greatest temperature drop. The factors that most affect this drop are the value of the free surface area of the channel, and the average residence time of the molten metal in the channel.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50609005)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 101075)
文摘The grid drop concept is introduced and used to develop a micromechanism-based methodology for calculating watershed flow concentration. The flow path and distance traveled by a grid drop to the outlet of the watershed are obtained using a digital elevation model （DEM）. Regarding the slope as an uneven carpet through which the grid drop passes, a formula for overland flow velocity differing from Manning＇s formula for stream flow as welt as Darcy＇s formula for pore flow is proposed. Compared with the commonly used unit hydrograph and isochronal methods, this new methodology has outstanding advantages in that it considers the influences of the slope velocity field and the heterogeneity of spatial distribution of rainfall on the flow concentration process, and includes only one parameter that needs to be calibrated. This method can also be effectively applied to the prediction of hydrologic processes in un-gauged basins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673077)。
文摘By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
文摘The dropping scales is an important parameter for comber noil and combing quality. Because the rocking of the nipper shaft makes the nippers move backward and forward through a series of links, the original position of nipper frame is altered when changing the dropping scales, the other parameters of combing are changed accordingly. In this paper, the timing of opening-closing on nipper, the timing of cylinder’s combing, the timing of detaching-lapping and variation of nip pressure are calculated and their effects on combing are analyzed in different dropping scales on E7/6 comber.
文摘In this paper,dual L defected hexagonal Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator(PCRR)using Channel Drop Filter(CDF)is designed for Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing(CWDM)systems.In this structure,the external rods of the ring resonator are arranged in a hexagon and the internal rods are removed in L arrangement for introducing defects.Scatter rods are used to prevent leakage.By using the L defected hexagonal resonator,a multi-channel CDF is designed,which exhibits multiple wavelengths of CWDM(1500 nm–1600 nm)region.In addition,the selection of rod size and the position of rods in the proposed multi-channel CDF are validated by varying the radius of coupling and scattering rods,as well as the position of resonators,respectively.By using plane wave expansion and opti Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD)method,the electromagnetic wave propagation and the photonic band gap are obtained.
文摘Solvent extraction is an important process in the nuclear fuel cycle. Tributyl phosphate(TBP) diluted with dodecane is commonly used as a solvent for extracting heavy metals from nitric acid medium. Studies on hydrodynamics of a single drop, which is the smallest mass transfer entity, are required for better understanding of the complex mass transfer and phase separation phenomena that occur in extraction equipment. In this study, drop formation at nozzles is studied using 30% TBP-dodecane as the dispersed phase and dilute nitric acid as the quiescent continuous phase. Experiments are carried out to determine the drop diameter, jetting velocity, drop detachment height and drop detachment time for various dispersed phase velocities, nozzle diameters(1.91, 3.04, and 4.88 mm), and nitric acid concentrations(0.01, 1, 3 N). Drop formation is captured using high-speed imaging, which enables quantification of drop size, onset of jetting, drop detachment height, and drop detachment time. Experimental data are used to propose correlations for predicting drop diameter and minimum jetting velocity. The correlations are found to be very accurate with average absolute relative errors being 5.23 and 2.97%, respectively.
