以碳纤维纸为电热材料,通过三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶与纤维板基材叠层热压制备电热功能复合板,采用全因子试验方法探究热压压力及施胶量的影响。结果表明:热压压力对复合板电阻下降率(Drop rate of resistance,DRR)的影响不显著;施胶量...以碳纤维纸为电热材料,通过三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶与纤维板基材叠层热压制备电热功能复合板,采用全因子试验方法探究热压压力及施胶量的影响。结果表明:热压压力对复合板电阻下降率(Drop rate of resistance,DRR)的影响不显著;施胶量的影响则极显著,胶黏剂的增加明显干扰电热层碳纤维搭接界面,两者呈高度线性下降关系,DRR变化范围在24%~40%。综合考虑内结合强度等性能,确定较优工艺参数为:压力0.8 MPa,双面施胶量130 g/m^2。展开更多
为了考察不同抽吸状态下卷烟动态通风特征,测量了3R4F卷烟在非燃烧不同抽吸状态下的压降与总通风率,建立了包含通风孔结构的全烟支气体流动3维数学模型,通过测量3R4F卷烟在17.5 m L/s恒速抽吸过程中的压降与总通风率对数学模型进行了验...为了考察不同抽吸状态下卷烟动态通风特征,测量了3R4F卷烟在非燃烧不同抽吸状态下的压降与总通风率,建立了包含通风孔结构的全烟支气体流动3维数学模型,通过测量3R4F卷烟在17.5 m L/s恒速抽吸过程中的压降与总通风率对数学模型进行了验证,发现测量值和模拟值两者相对误差均小于1.5%。利用所建数学模型分析了17.5 m L/s恒速抽吸状态下与ISO标准抽吸状态下3R4F卷烟内部气流压降和速率的3维分布规律以及轴向分布规律。结果显示:在恒速抽吸状态下,从3R4F卷烟纸进入卷烟内部的气流速率与距卷烟气流入口端距离成正比例关系;在ISO标准抽吸状态下,3R4F卷烟压降与抽吸流量呈正比例关系,而卷烟总通风率与抽吸流量无关并保持恒定不变。所得结果可为深入理解卷烟燃烧过程中气流运动规律、燃烧过程调控机理以及卷烟参数优化设计提供理论支持。展开更多
One of the most significant considerations in the design of a heat sink is thermal management due to increasing thermal flux and miniature in size.These heat sinks utilize plate or pin fins depending upon the required...One of the most significant considerations in the design of a heat sink is thermal management due to increasing thermal flux and miniature in size.These heat sinks utilize plate or pin fins depending upon the required heat dissipation rate.They are designed to optimize overall performance.Elliptical pin fin heat sinks enhance heat transfer rates and reduce the pumping power.In this study,the Firefly Algorithm is implemented to optimize heat sinks with elliptical pin-fins.The pin-fins are arranged in an inline fashion.The nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm performs powerfully and efficiently in solving numerical global optimization problems.Based on mass,energy,and entropy balance,three models are developed for thermal resistance,hydraulic resistance,and entropy generation rate in the heat sink.The major axis is used as the characteristic length,and the maximum velocity is used as the reference velocity.The entropy generation rate comprises the combined effect of thermal resistance and pressure drop.The total EGR is minimized by utilizing the firefly algorithm.The optimization model utilizes analytical/empirical correlations for the heat transfer coefficients and friction factors.It is shown that both thermal resistance and pressure drop can be simultaneously optimized using this algorithm.It is demonstrated that the performance of FFA is much better than PPA.展开更多
文摘为了考察不同抽吸状态下卷烟动态通风特征,测量了3R4F卷烟在非燃烧不同抽吸状态下的压降与总通风率,建立了包含通风孔结构的全烟支气体流动3维数学模型,通过测量3R4F卷烟在17.5 m L/s恒速抽吸过程中的压降与总通风率对数学模型进行了验证,发现测量值和模拟值两者相对误差均小于1.5%。利用所建数学模型分析了17.5 m L/s恒速抽吸状态下与ISO标准抽吸状态下3R4F卷烟内部气流压降和速率的3维分布规律以及轴向分布规律。结果显示:在恒速抽吸状态下,从3R4F卷烟纸进入卷烟内部的气流速率与距卷烟气流入口端距离成正比例关系;在ISO标准抽吸状态下,3R4F卷烟压降与抽吸流量呈正比例关系,而卷烟总通风率与抽吸流量无关并保持恒定不变。所得结果可为深入理解卷烟燃烧过程中气流运动规律、燃烧过程调控机理以及卷烟参数优化设计提供理论支持。
基金This research is supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research/Saudi Electronic University[Research Number:7638-HS-2019-1-1-S].Initials of authors who received the grant:N.N.HamadnehW.A.Khan.
文摘One of the most significant considerations in the design of a heat sink is thermal management due to increasing thermal flux and miniature in size.These heat sinks utilize plate or pin fins depending upon the required heat dissipation rate.They are designed to optimize overall performance.Elliptical pin fin heat sinks enhance heat transfer rates and reduce the pumping power.In this study,the Firefly Algorithm is implemented to optimize heat sinks with elliptical pin-fins.The pin-fins are arranged in an inline fashion.The nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm performs powerfully and efficiently in solving numerical global optimization problems.Based on mass,energy,and entropy balance,three models are developed for thermal resistance,hydraulic resistance,and entropy generation rate in the heat sink.The major axis is used as the characteristic length,and the maximum velocity is used as the reference velocity.The entropy generation rate comprises the combined effect of thermal resistance and pressure drop.The total EGR is minimized by utilizing the firefly algorithm.The optimization model utilizes analytical/empirical correlations for the heat transfer coefficients and friction factors.It is shown that both thermal resistance and pressure drop can be simultaneously optimized using this algorithm.It is demonstrated that the performance of FFA is much better than PPA.
