Presentation and management outcome of foot drop with tibialis posterior tendon transfer

BACKGROUND Foot drop causes considerable disability.The ankle-dorsiflexion is either weak or lost completely.Additionally,the ankle eversion and toe extensions are also impaired.This results in a high steppage gait while walking.Overall,the gait is awkward;there is greater energy consumption;increased proneness to sustain injury of the forefoot;and more frequent falling during walking.AIM To document the clinical and epidemiological profile of foot drop patients in our population and evaluate the outcome of tibialis posterior(TP)tendon transfer for restoring the lost dorsiflexion in foot drop.METHODS The study was carried out at the National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine in Islamabad over a period of 7 years.It included patients of all sexes and ages who presented with foot drop and had no contraindications for the procedure of TP tendon transfer.Exclusion criteria were patients who had contraindications for the operation.For instance,paralyzed posterior leg compartment muscles,Achilles tendon contracture,stiff ankle or toes,unstable ankle joint,weak gastrocnemius and scarred skin spanning over the route of planned tendon transfer.Also,patients who had the foot drop as a result of disc prolapses or brain diseases were excluded.Convenience sampling technique was used.The circum-tibial route of TP tendon transfer was employed.RESULTS Out of 37 patients,26(70.27%)were males whereas 11(29.72%)were females.The mean age was 22.59±8.19 years.Among the underlying causes of foot drop,road traffic accidents constituted the most common cause,found among 20(54.05%)patients.The share of complications included wound infections in 3(8.10%)patients and hypertrophic scars in 2(5.40%)patients.At 1-year postoperative follow-up visits,the outcome was excellent in 8(21.62%),good in 20(54.05%)and moderate in 9(24.31%).CONCLUSION The majority of cases of foot drop resulted from road traffic accidents that directly involved the common peroneal nerve.TP tendon transfer through the circumtibial route was found to be an easily executed effective operation which restored good dorsiflexion of the ankle among the majority of patients.

The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Dropping Pill Combined with Butylphthalide Capsule on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Impact on Serum Cytokines

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills combined with butylphthalide capsules on cognitive dysfunction in patients after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its impact on serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy. Methods: This study selected 76 patients with cognitive dysfunction after ischemic stroke who were hospitalized at Zhuji People’s Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group was treated with butylphthalide capsules, while the combination group received Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The neurological function, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and levels of serum cytokines CRP, IL-6, and Hcy were compared between the two groups after 1 month and 3 months of treatment. Results: The NIHSS scores, MMSE scores, ADL scores, and levels of CRP, IL-6, and Hcy in both groups showed statistically significant differences compared to before treatment (P Conclusion: The combination of Ginkgo biloba extract dropping pills and butylphthalide capsules has a better therapeutic effect on cognitive dysfunction in patients after ischemic stroke. It can improve the neurological function and cognitive function of patients, enhance their ability to perform daily activities, and reduce inflammatory responses.

Nonlinear dynamical response of high-voltage transmission lines based on cable dropping

In order to study the dynamic response of high-voltage transmission lines under mechanical failure, a finite element model of a domestic 500-kV high-voltage transmission line system is established. The initial equilibrium condition of the coupling system model is verified by nonlinear static analysis. The transient dynamic analysis method is proposed to analyze the variation law of dynamic response under cable or insulator rupture, and the dynamic response of structural elements next to the broken span is calculated. The results show that upper crossarm cable rupture has no effect on cable tension at adjacent suspension points, but it has a significant influence on tension in the insulator and the tower component of the upper crossarm next to the broken span. The peak tension in the conductor of the upper crossarm at the suspension point exceeds the design value under insulator rupture. Insulator rupture has no effect on the tower component of the upper crossarm, but it has a significant influence on insulator tension of the upper crossarm. Insulator rupture should be taken into account in the design of overhead transmission lines. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of transmission lines.

基于各种快速Spice仿真器的Post-Layout寄生效应验证

现在的深亚微米工艺使用复杂的多层金属结构与先进电介质材料,随着工艺的进步,集成电路的器件尺寸越来越小,金属互连线做得越来越细,金属互连产生的寄生效应对电路性能的影响也越来越明显,各种各样的问题譬如由耦合电容产生了串扰噪声和延迟,IR drop引起的电压降,高电流密度引起的电迁移效应,以及混合信号设计中DC-path泄漏已经成为非常普遍的问题。对于整个芯片,在post-layout仿真时加上提取的寄生参数,有助于在设计中精确地分析每个寄生效应。快速Spice仿真器具有大的数据处理的容量和高的处理效率,因此这种仿真流程在设计中已经被广泛地应用。讨论如何在各种模式的仿真器(如UltraSim,NanoSim和HSIM)中选择合适的仿真器来进行post-layout仿真,以及不同的选择会有什么样不同的结果,另外还将对一些post-layout仿真结果进行分析。

A 50-years record of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes and hexachloro-cyclohexanes in lake sediments and penguin droppings on King George Island, Maritime Antarctic

Since the ban on the use of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） such as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane （DDT） and hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH） in agriculture, their levels have generally dropped. In a number of cases, however, the levels of these OCPs were found to be unchanging or even increasing after the ban. With the aim to unveil the possible causes of these exceptions, we collected two lake cores from King George Island, West Antarctica, and determined their accumulation flux profiles and temporal trends of these OCPs. In the lake core sediments with glacier meltwater input, the accumulation flux of DDT shows an abnormal peak around 1980s in addition to the expected one in 1960s. In the lake core sediments without glacier meltwater input, the accumulation flux of DDT shows a gradual decline trend after the peak in 1960s. This striking difference in the DDT flux profiles between the two lake cores is most likely caused by the regional climate warming and the resulted discharge of the DDT stored in the Antarctic ice cap into the lakes in the Antarctic glacier frontier. Furthermore, to investigate the change of OCPs loadings in the Antarctic coastal ecosystem, we reconstructed the HCH and DDT concentration profiles in penguin droppings and observed a gradual increase for the former and a continuous decrease for the latter during the past 50 years. The increase of HCH seems to be due to the regional warming from the early 1970s and the resulted HCH discharge to the coastal ecosystem by glaciers＇ meltwater and the illegal use of HCH in the Southern Hemisphere in the recent decade. The different temporal trends of HCH and DDT accumulation rate in the lake core with glacier meltwater input and the aged penguin droppings can be explained by their different water-soluble property.

Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world;however,it lacks effective and safe treatments. Ginkgo biloba dropping pill(GBDP), a unique Chinese G. biloba leaf extract preparation, exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and has a potential as an alternative therapy for PD. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of GBDP in in vitro and in vivo PD models and to compare the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of GBDP and the G. biloba extract EGb 761. Using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, 46 GBDP constituents were identified. Principal component analysis identified differences in the chemical profiles of GBDP and EGb 761. A quantitative analysis of 12 constituents showed that GBDP had higher levels of several flavonoids and terpene trilactones than EGb 761, whereas EGb 761 had higher levels of organic acids.Moreover, we found that GBDP prevented 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron loss in zebrafish and improved cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mice. Although similar effects were observed after EGb 761 treatment,the neuroprotective effects were greater after GBDP treatment on several endpoints. In addition, in vitro results suggested that the Akt/GSK3β pathway may be involved in the neuroprotective effects of GBDP.These findings demonstrated that GBDP have potential neuroprotective effects in the treatment of PD.

The sediments of lake on the Ardley Island, Antarctica: Identification of penguin-dropping soil

During CHINARE 15(Dec. 1998 Mar. 1999), a lake core 67.5 cm in length, was sampled in Y2 lake, which is located on the Ardley Island, Antarctica. The concentrations of some chemical elements in Y2 lake sediments were analyzed. According to comparative research on elementary characters of sediments in Antarctic West Lake, fresh penguin dropping as well as guano soil on the Ardley Island and Pacific Island in South China Sea, it presents that the Y2 lake sediments were ameliorated by penguin dropping. The result of element cluster analysis shows that the type elements in the sediment impacted by penguin dropping include Sr,F,S,P,Ca,Se,Cu,Zn and Ba. This can provide a base for further interpreting the climatic and environmental event recorded in the sediment.

Do ankle braces provide similar effects on ankle biomechanical variables in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability during landing?

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a sport version of a semi-rigid ankle brace (ElementTM) and a soft ankle brace (ASO) on ankle biomechanics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during a drop landing activity in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI)compared to healthy subjects with no history of CAI.Methods:Ten healthy subjects and 10 subjects who had multiple ankle sprains participated in the study as the control and unstable subjects,respectively.The CAI subjects were age,body mass index and gender matched with the control subjects.The arch index and ankle functions of the subjects were measured in a subject screening session.During the biomechanical test session,participants performed five trials of drop landing from 0.6 m,wearing no brace ( NB),ElementTM brace and ASO brace.Simultaneous recording of three-dimensional kinematic (240 Hz)and GRF (1200 Hz) data were performed.Results:The CAI subjects had lower ankle functional survey scores.The arch index and deformity results showed greater arch deformity of ElementTM against a static load than in NB and ASO due to greater initial arch position held by the brace.CAI participants had greater eversion velocity than healthy coutrols.The ASO brace reduced the first peak vertical GRF whereas ElementTM increased 2nd peak vertical GRF.ElementTM brace reduced eversion range of motion (ROM) and peak eversion velocity compared to NB and ASO.In addition,ElementTM reduced dorsiflexion ROM and increased peak plantarflexion moment compared to NB and ASO.Conclusion:Results of static arch measurements and dynamic ankle motion suggest that the restrictions offered by both braces are in part due to more dorsiflexed ankle positions at contact,and higher initial arch position and stiffer ankle for ElementTM.

Coupling of anionic wetting agents to dust of sulfide ores by dropping liquid method

By using the experimental approach of dropping liquid, the coupling of three anionic wetting agents with ten dust samples of sulfide ores was studied, and particularly the wetting effects of the wetting agents on the sulfide dust influenced by factors of agent concentration and sulfate additive in the wetting agent solutions were investigated. The results show that when the solution temperature is about 20 ℃, all the selected wetting agents are effective to most dust samples, but the effect is different. Wetting agents are more effective to the dust which is difficult to be wetted. Wetting agent solution with sodium sulfate can improve the wetting ability of sulfide dust. For sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the suitable concentration of sodium sulfate is 12 mmol/L. The cost of wetting agents can be reduced because the sodium sulfate is much cheaper than many surfactants. Since the dust of sulfide ores is composed of various minerals and elements, the whole effect of depressing dust should be considered while innovating a wetting agent.

Clinical outcomes of combined flow-pressure drop measurements using newly developed diagnostic endpoint:Pressure drop coefficient in patients with coronary artery dysfunction

AIM:To combine pressure and flow parameter, pressure drop coefficient(CDP) will result in better clinical outcomes in comparison to the fractional flow reserve(FFR) group. METHODS:To test this hypothesis, a comparison was made between the FFR < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups in this study, for the major adverse cardiac events [major adverse cardiac events(MACE): Primary outcome] and patients’ quality of life(secondary outcome). Further, a comparison was also made between the survival curves for the FFR < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups. Two-tailed χ~2 test proportions were performed for the comparison of primary and secondary outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the survival curves of FFR < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups(MedcalcV10.2, Mariakerke, Belgium). Results were considered statistically significant for P < 0.05. RESULTS: The primary outcomes(%MACE) in the FFR < 0.75 group(20%, 4 out of 20) was not statistically different(P = 0.24) from the %MACE occurring in CDP > 27.9 group(8.57%, 2 out of 35). Noteworthy is the reduction in the %MACE in the CDP > 27.9 group, in comparison to the FFR < 0.75 group. Further, the secondary outcomes were not statistically significant between the FFR < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups. Survival analysis results suggest that the survival time for the CDP > 27.9 group(n = 35) is significantly higher(P = 0.048) in comparison to the survival time for the FFR < 0.75 group(n = 20). The results remained similar for a FFR = 0.80 cut-off. CONCLUSION: Based on the above, CDP could prove to be a better diagnostic end-point for clinical revascularization decision-making in the cardiac catheterization laboratories.

Influence of Dropping scales of E7/6 Comber on Process Performance

The dropping scales is an important parameter for comber noil and combing quality. Because the rocking of the nipper shaft makes the nippers move backward and forward through a series of links, the original position of nipper frame is altered when changing the dropping scales, the other parameters of combing are changed accordingly. In this paper, the timing of opening-closing on nipper, the timing of cylinder’s combing, the timing of detaching-lapping and variation of nip pressure are calculated and their effects on combing are analyzed in different dropping scales on E7/6 comber.

Delineation of epicardial stenosis in patients with microvascular disease using pressure drop coefficient:A pilot outcome study

AIM To investigate the patient-outcomes of newly developed pressure drop coefficient(CDP) in diagnosing epicardial stenosis(ES) in the presence of concomitant microvascular disease(MVD).METHODS Patients from our clinical trial were divided into two subgroups with:(1) cut-off of coronary flow reserve(CFR) < 2.0;and(2) diabetes.First,correlations were performed for both subgroups between CDP and hyperemic microvascular resistance(HMR),a diagnostic parameter for assessing the severity of MVD.Linear regression analysis was used for these correlations.Further,in each of the subgroups,comparisons were made between fractional flow reserve(FFR) < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups for assessing major adverse cardiac events(MACE:Primary outcome).Comparisons were also made between the survival curves for FFR < 0.75 and CDP > 27.9 groups.Two tailed chi-squared and Fischer's exact tests were performed for comparison of the primary outcomes,and the log-rank test was used to compare the Kaplan-Meier survival curves.P < 0.05 for all tests was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Significant linear correlations were observed between CDP and HMR for both CFR < 2.0(r = 0.58,P < 0.001) and diabetic(r = 0.61,P < 0.001) patients.In the CFR < 2.0 subgroup,the %MACE(primary outcomes) for CDP > 27.9 group(7.7%,2/26) was lower than FFR < 0.75 group(3/14,21.4%);P = 0.21.Similarly,in the diabetic subgroup,the %MACE for CDP > 27.9 group(12.5%,2/16) was lower than FFR < 0.75 group(18.2%,2/11);P = 0.69.Survival analysis for CFR < 2.0 subgroup indicated better event-free survival for CDP > 27.9 group(n = 26) when compared with FFR < 0.75 group(n = 14);P = 0.10.Similarly,for the diabetic subgroup,CDP > 27.9 group(n = 16) showed higher survival times compared to FFR group(n = 11);P = 0.58.CONCLUSION CDP correlated significantly with HMR and resulted in better %MACE as well as survival rates in comparison to FFR.These positive trends demonstrate that CDP could be a potential diagnostic endpoint for delineating MVD with or without ES.

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MACRO-AND MICRO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DENSE FOG IN THE AREA SOUTH OF THE NANLING MOUNTAINS

Using the composite field observational data collected in the area south of the Nanling Mts. and numerical modeling, the seasonal features of dense fog and visibility, fog drop spectrum and physical concept of fog forming have been analyzed. The occurring frequency of low visibility(≤200 m) is very high with a mean of 24.7%, a maximum of 41.8% from the end of autumn to winter and next spring. The fog processes that occur in the area south of the Nanling Mts. in spring and winter result from the interactions of complicated micro-physical processes, the local terrain, water vapor transportation and the influencing weather system. The fog processes are arisen from advection or windward slope, which is much different from the radiation fog. Cooling condensation due to the air lifted by the local mountain plays an important role in fog formation. Windward slope of the mountain is favorable to the fog formation. Dense fog can occur at lower altitudes in the windward slope of mountain, resulting in the lower visibility. The fog is mainly of small-drop spectrum with smaller number-density than that of urban fog, and its drop spectrum has descending trend in the section of smaller diameter. The inverse relationship between fog water content and visibility is the best among several relationships of micro-variables. In addition to micro-physical processes of fog body itself, the motion of irregular climbing and crossing over hillside while the fog body is being transported by the wind are also important reasons for the fluctuation of micro-physical parameters such as fog water content.

Rate-distortion optimized frame dropping and scheduling for multi-user conversational and streaming video

We propose a Rate-Distortion (RD) optimized strategy for frame-dropping and scheduling of multi-user conversa- tional and streaming videos. We consider a scenario where conversational and streaming videos share the forwarding resources at a network node. Two buffers are setup on the node to temporarily store the packets for these two types of video applications. For streaming video, a big buffer is used as the associated delay constraint of the application is moderate and a very small buffer is used for conversational video to ensure that the forwarding delay of every packet is limited. A scheduler is located behind these two buffers that dynamically assigns transmission slots on the outgoing link to the two buffers. Rate-distortion side information is used to perform RD-optimized frame dropping in case of node overload. Sharing the data rate on the outgoing link between the con- versational and the streaming videos is done either based on the fullness of the two associated buffers or on the mean incoming rates of the respective videos. Simulation results showed that our proposed RD-optimized frame dropping and scheduling ap- proach provides significant improvements in performance over the popular priority-based random dropping (PRD) technique.

Effect of relative humidity at either acute or chronic moderate temperature on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relative humidity(RH) at either acute or chronic moderate ambient temperature(Ta) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites of broilers.Two experiments were conducted: effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on average daily feed intake(ADFI) and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at acute(1 d: 20–26 or 31–20°C,26 or 31°C for 6 h d–1 at 10:00–16:00) moderate Ta(experiment 1) and effect of RH(35,60 or 85%) on growth performance and droppings' corticosterone metabolites at chronic(step-wisely increasing temperature by 3°C every 3 d from 20 to 32°C within 15 d: 20–23–26–29–32°C) moderate Ta(experiment 2).Droppings were collected at the 2,4,6,8,and 22 h after Ta-RH controlled in experiment 1 and at the 2,4,6,and 22 h after Ta controlled to 32°C in experiment 2.The results showed that: 1) In experiment 1,85% RH increased(P<0.05) the droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8,and 22 h and 35% RH increased(P<0.05) it at the 2 and 22 h compared to the 60% RH.Moreover,85% RH further increased(P<0.05) it compared to the 35% RH,however,no difference(P>0.05) was found in ADFI among the three RH groups at acute moderate 26°C; 35 and 85% RH increased(P<0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites at the 2,6,8 and 22 h and decreased(P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 60% RH,moreover,85% RH further increased(P<0.05) droppings' corticosterone metabolites and further decreased(P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 35% RH at acute moderate 31°C; and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period had a negative correlation(P<0.02) with the ADFI.2) In experiment 2,85% RH increased(P<0.01) droppings' corticosterone metabolites only at the 2 h and decreased(P<0.02) ADFI and average daily gain(ADG) compared to the 60% RH,no difference(P>0.05) in droppings' corticosterone metabolites was found between the 35 and 60% RH,however,35% RH decreased(P<0.01) ADG compared to the 60% RH,and the average of droppings' corticosterone metabolites in the whole period also had a negative correlation(P<0.02) with ADFI and ADG.In conclusion,droppings' corticosterone metabolites could be used as a RH stress index and low and high RH,especially high RH,reduced growth performance possibly through inducing RH stress at moderate temperature.

Observer-based H_∞ control over packet dropping networks

A new controller design problem of networked control systems with packet dropping is proposed. Depending on the place that the observer is put in the system, the network control systems with packet dropping are modeled as stochastic systems with the random variables satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution. The observer-based controller is designed to stabilize the networked system in the sense of mean square, and the prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is achieved. The controller design problem is formulated as the feasibility of the convex optimization problem, which can be solved by a linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Analysis of the inter-annual variability and southward expansion of red tides in the Zhejiang coastal waters from 1981 to 2018

A time series dataset spanning 39 years(1981-2018) on red tide events in Zhejiang coastal waters was used to study the characteristics of inter-annual spatial and temporal variations. A distinct inter-annual pattern characterized by low frequency, explosive growth and fluctuating decline stages was found over the studied time scale. Most red tide events occurred in parallel to the bathymetric contour, and 95.4% were located to the west of the 50 m isobath. Additionally, the high-incidence area of red tides is expanding southward. In this paper, local sea surface temperature(SST), mariculture area and secondary industry growth rate are introduced and identified as the main factors influencing the nutrient and hydrometeorological conditions. A multivariate nonlinear regression equation based on these factors was constructed, and the goodness of fit coefficient was 0.907. The causes of the annual variation and high-frequency area in the southward expansion were quantitatively analyzed based on the proposed regression model. Finally, the results indicated that 68.7% of the annual occurrence variation of red tide was due to the SST and mariculture area, which are the main impact factors;however,secondary industry growth could compensate for the nutrient deficiency caused by the sharp mariculture area reduction and decreased SST. The background nutrient level, which is elevated by coastal economic development, especially secondary industry, is the main determinant of the southward expansion. Although the trend of the southward expansion of high-frequency areas has not changed, the red tide frequency in coastal cities has decreased by half and remained at a stable level after 2010 due to substantial economic restructuring and environmental protection.

Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill combined with thrombus aspiration improves myocardial perfusion after PCI in patients with STEMI: the clinical research

Objective:To study the effect of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill combined with thrombus aspiration on improving myocardial perfusion after PCI in patients with STEMI.Methods:A total of 104 patients with STEMI who received emergency PCI combined with thrombus aspiration in our hospital between May 2013 and October 2015 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups: observation group received perioperative antiplatelet combined with Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill therapy, and the control group received perioperative antiplatelet therapy alone. Before treatment and 3 days after treatment, serum myocardial injury indexes, endothelial injury indexes and RAS system indexes were determined;4 weeks after treatment, serum ventricular remodeling indexes were determined. Results:3 d after treatment, serum CK, CK-MB, cTnI, cTnT, ET-1, vWF, PRA, AngII and ALD levels of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment while NO level was significantly higher than that before treatment;serum CK, CK-MB, cTnI, cTnT, ET-1, vWF, PRA, AngII and ALD levels of observation group 3 d after treatment were significantly lower than those of control group while NO level was significantly higher than that of control group;4 weeks after treatment, serum PICP, ICTP, PIIINP, HSP47 and GDF-15 levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill application during perioperative period of PCI combined with thrombus aspiration can reduce myocardial cell damage and endothelial function injury as well as inhibit RAS system activation and ventricular remodeling.

Meta analysis about the efficacy and safety of anti-ocular hypertension eye drops without benzalkonium chloride

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of eye drops without benzalkonium chloride(BAK)in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Methods:The clinical case-control literatures about eye drops without BAK treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension were retrieved in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and Chinese Biological and Medical database.Mela 5.0 software was used to analyze the literatures.Results:Five clinical control studies were included.The results indicated both eye drops could lower the intraocular pressure,and the intraocular pressurelowering difference between two eye drops was 0.07 mmHg(95%CI:0.04,0.19)(P>0.05).Two adverse reactions occurred more were conjunctival injection(10.78%)and allergic conjunctivitis(4.78%).The odd ratio of two eye drops occurring conjunctival injection and allergic conjunctivitis was 0.67(95%CI,0.25,1.10)and 0.82(95%CI,0.09,1.54),respectively(P<0.05)in fixed effect model.Conclusions:There is no difference between the eye drops with or without BAK in lowering intraocular pressure.but the latter is of higher safety.In consideration of the relatively small sample size of this research,more high-quality clinical research contrasts are needed as evidence.

Spherical silicon solar cell with reflector cup fabricated by decompression dropping method

A spherical Si solar cell with a reflector cup was successfully fabricated by a dropping method at decompression state. In the dropping method, melted Si droplets were instilled at decompression state (0.5×105 Pa) to reduce crystal growth rate, dominating crystal quality such as dislocation density in crystal grains. Spherical Si solar cells were fabricated using the spherical Si crystals with a diameter of 1 mm and then mounted on a reflector cup. The current-voltage measurement of the solar cell shows an energy conversion efficiency of 11.1% (short-circuit current density (Jsc): 24.7 mA·cm-2, open-circuit voltage: 601 mV, fill factor: 74.6%). Minority carrier diffusion length determined by surface photovoltage method was 98 μm. This value can be enhanced by the improvement of crystal quality of spherical Si crystals. These results demonstrate that spherical Si crystals fabricated by the dropping method has a great potential for substrate material of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells.