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Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Amount on Stalk Lodging-Resistance and Yield of Summer Maize in Sichuan Basin 被引量:6
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作者 陈尚洪 陈红琳 +1 位作者 沈学善 刘定辉 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第10期2147-2151,共5页
[Objective] The experiment was conducted to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize in Sichuan Basin with the objective to provide technical reservation and scientific basis for high... [Objective] The experiment was conducted to explore the suitable planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize in Sichuan Basin with the objective to provide technical reservation and scientific basis for high-yielding cultivation technique.[Method] A widely planted maize cultivar 'Chengdan 30' was used as experimental material to study the effects of planting density and nitrogen amount on the stalk agronomic traits,stalk lodging-resistance mechanical characters,stalk breaking percentage and yield of maize.Experiment was arranged in a two-factor split plot design with three replicates.The planting density was the main factor with three density gradients(4.5×10^4,6.0×10^4 and 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2) and the nitrogen amount was the second factor with two different levels of nitrogen content(300 and 375 kg/hm^2).[Result] The stalk lodging-resistance and yield were affected by planting density significantly.The increase of planting density would result in an increase of internode length and decrease of internode diameter,dry matter weight of per unit stalk length,rind penetration strength and breaking resistance of 3rd and 4th basal internodes.When planting density increased from 6.0×10^4 plants/hm2 to 7.5×10^4 plants/hm^2,the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season increased by 17.17%,and the yield reduced by 17.58%.The interaction between planting density and nitrogen amount affected the stalk breaking percentage in the whole growing season and yield significantly.The treatment with planting density of 6.0×104 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen amount of 375 kg/hm^2 of pure N was an optimal combination,which may not only control the stalk breaking percentage of whole growing stage effectively,but also could obtain an optimum grain yield.[Conclusion] In Sichuan Basin,the appropriate planting density and nitrogen amount for summer maize were 6.0×10^4 plants/hm^2 and 375 kg/hm^2. 展开更多
关键词 Summer maize planting density Nitrogen amount Stalk lodging resistance YIELD
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Nature’s Pharmacy under Siege: Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Endophytic Bacteria of Medicinal Plants
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作者 Bonoshree Sarkar Afroza Sultana +5 位作者 Nabila Nawar Binti Farhana Tasnim Chowdhury Sadia Afrin Mohammad Fahim Taibur Rahman Atiqur Rahman 《Advances in Microbiology》 CAS 2024年第4期183-208,共26页
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating a thorough understanding of its prevalence in various ecological contexts. Medicinal plants, renowned for their therapeutic properties, hos... Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating a thorough understanding of its prevalence in various ecological contexts. Medicinal plants, renowned for their therapeutic properties, host endophytic bacteria that produce bioactive compounds. Understanding antibiotic resistance dynamics in these bacteria is vital for human health and antibiotic efficacy preservation. In this study, we investigated antibiotic resistance profiles in endophytic bacteria from five medicinal plants: Thankuni, Neem, Aparajita, Joba, and Snake plant. We isolated and characterized 113 endophytic bacteria, with varying resistance patterns observed against multiple antibiotics. Notably, 53 strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 14 exhibiting extensive drug resistance (XDR). Thankuni-associated bacteria displayed 44% MDR and 11% XDR, while Neem-associated bacteria showed higher resistance (60% MDR, 13% XDR). Aparajita-associated bacteria had lower resistance (22% MDR, 6% XDR), whereas Joba-associated bacteria exhibited substantial resistance (54% MDR, 14% XDR). Snake plant-associated bacteria showed 7% MDR and 4% XDR. Genus-specific distribution revealed Bacillus (47%), Staphylococcus (21%), and Klebsiella (11%) as major contributors to MDR. Our findings highlight diverse drug resistance patterns among plant-associated bacteria and underscore the complexity of antibiotic resistance dynamics in diverse plant environments. Identification of XDR strains emphasizes the severity of the antibiotic resistance problem, warranting further investigation into contributing factors. 展开更多
关键词 Antibiotic resistance Endophytic Bacteria Medicinal plants Drug resistance
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Development of Machine Learning Methods for Accurate Prediction of Plant Disease Resistance
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作者 Qi Liu Shi-min Zuo +10 位作者 Shasha Peng Hao Zhang Ye Peng Wei Li Yehui Xiong Runmao Lin Zhiming Feng Huihui Li Jun Yang Guo-Liang Wang Houxiang Kang 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期100-110,共11页
The traditional method of screening plants for disease resistance phenotype is both time-consuming and costly.Genomic selection offers a potential solution to improve efficiency,but accurately predicting plant disease... The traditional method of screening plants for disease resistance phenotype is both time-consuming and costly.Genomic selection offers a potential solution to improve efficiency,but accurately predicting plant disease resistance remains a challenge.In this study,we evaluated eight different machine learning(ML)methods,including random forest classification(RFC),support vector classifier(SVC),light gradient boosting machine(lightGBM),random forest classification plus kinship(RFC_K),support vector classification plus kinship(SVC_K),light gradient boosting machine plus kinship(lightGBM_K),deep neural network genomic prediction(DNNGP),and densely connected convolutional networks(DenseNet),for predicting plant disease resistance.Our results demonstrate that the three plus kinship(K)methods developed in this study achieved high prediction accuracy.Specifically,these methods achieved accuracies of up to 95%for rice blast(RB),85%for rice black-streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV),and 85%for rice sheath blight(RSB)when trained and applied to the rice diversity panel I(RDPI).Furthermore,the plus K models performed well in predicting wheat blast(WB)and wheat stripe rust(WSR)diseases,with mean accuracies of up to 90%and 93%,respectively.To assess the generalizability of our models,we applied the trained plus K methods to predict RB disease resistance in an independent population,rice diversity panel II(RDPII).Concurrently,we evaluated the RB resistance of RDPII cultivars using spray inoculation.Comparing the predictions with the spray inoculation results,we found that the accuracy of the plus K methods reached 91%.These findings highlight the effectiveness of the plus K methods(RFC_K,SVC_K,and lightGBM_K)in accurately predicting plant disease resistance for RB,RBSDV,RSB,WB,and WSR.The methods developed in this study not only provide valuable strategies for predicting disease resistance,but also pave the way for using machine learning to streamline genome-based crop breeding. 展开更多
关键词 Predicting plant disease resistance Genomic selection Machine learning Genome-wide association study
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CRISPR–Cas9-mediated promoter editing of FERONIA-Like receptor 13 increases plant growth and disease resistance in rice
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作者 Yanan Guo Yinyao Qi +8 位作者 Kai Liu Xiao Luo Weiyu Xiao Xiaonan Qiang Junjie Xing Feng Yu Zhenghong Zhao Long Wang Lifeng Wang 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期1597-1606,共10页
Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotro... Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotropy poses a constraint on the utilization of such genes in agricultural breeding.In this study,we identified the receptor kinase gene FERONIA-Like Receptor 13(FLR13)as a pleiotropic gene influencing plant height,tillering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Using promoter editing,we generated novel alleles(FLR13T5T6-1,FLR13T5T6-2)that confer resistance to rice blast and increase per-plant yield.The knockout of the T5T6 segment alleviates the inhibitory effects of two transcription factors,OsGBP1 and OsWRKY53,on FLR13 expression.In summary,our study presents a promising avenue for enhancing the pivotal attributes of receptor-like kinases through a promoter-editing strategy. 展开更多
关键词 Oryza sativa L. FERONIA like receptor CRISPR–Cas9-mediated promoter editing plant growth resistance OsWRKY53
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Utilizing metabolomic approach to study the mode of action of fungicides and corresponding resistance in plant pathogens
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作者 Zhaochen Wu Ziqi Liu +6 位作者 Zhihong Hu Tingting Wang Lijie Teng Tan Dai Pengfei Liu Jianjun Hao Xili Liu 《Advanced Agrochem》 2024年第3期197-205,共9页
Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control.Various modes of action(MOAs)have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens.The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has... Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control.Various modes of action(MOAs)have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens.The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has been recommended to prevent the development of pathogen resistance.In studying MOAs,metabolomics has been proven to be a robust and high-throughput method.Because metabolites are unique and distinct depending on the biological activities of an organism,MOAs can be identified and classified by establishing metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiles.Similarly,if fungicide resistance is developed in a pathogen,the metabolome will change,which can be identified.In this review,we have discussed the principles and advanced applications of metabolomics in the study of MOAs and resistance mechanisms of fungicides,and the potential of metabolic data in understanding the interaction between fungicides and pathogens.Challenges are also discussed in the application of metabolomics,improvement of the study on the mechanism of fungicides in their functions against pathogens and advancing the development of novel fungicides. 展开更多
关键词 Fungicide resistance plant pathogens Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Metabolic fingerprinting
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Recent Progress in Elucidating the Structure, Function and Evolution of Disease Resistance Genes in Plants 被引量:28
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作者 刘金灵 刘雄伦 +1 位作者 戴良英 王国梁 《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第9期765-776,共12页
Plants employ multifaceted mechanisms to fight with numerous pathogens in nature. Resistance (R) genes are the most effective weapons against pathogen invasion since they can specifically recognize the corresponding... Plants employ multifaceted mechanisms to fight with numerous pathogens in nature. Resistance (R) genes are the most effective weapons against pathogen invasion since they can specifically recognize the corresponding pathogen effectors or associated protein(s) to activate plant immune responses at the site of infection. Up to date, over 70 R genes have been isolated from various plant species. Most R proteins contain conserved motifs such as nucleotide-binding site (NBS), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain (TIR, homologous to cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila Toll protein and the manamalian intefleukin-1 receptor), coiled-coil (CC) or leucine zipper (LZ) structure and protein kinase domain (PK). Recent results indicate that these domains play significant roles in R protein interactions with effector proteins from pathogens and in activating signal transduction pathways involved in innate immunity. This review highlights an overview of the recent progress in elucidating the structure, function and evolution of the isolated R genes in different plant-pathogen interaction systems. 展开更多
关键词 plant disease resistance gene defense signaling evolution of resistance gene cluster
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Effect of LaCl_3 on Resistance and Absorptive Capacity to Formaldehyde of Indoor Ornamental Plants under Formaldehyde Stress
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作者 闫生荣 花海蓉 +1 位作者 杨春和 张跃群 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第12期2607-2609,共3页
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive c... [Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive capacity to formaldehyde can be increased most greatly by LaCl3. [Method] Effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, the indoor ornamental plant, which could significantly en- hance the degradation capacity of formaldehyde, was screened out to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formaldehyde resistance. [Result] The ability to absorb formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was enhanced by dif- ferent ranges after spraying with LaCl3 at suitable concentrations. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aureun and Sansevieria trifasciata increased by 15.16%, 4.72%, 19.75% and 7.68%, respectively. In the four indoor ornamental plants, the capacity of S. au- reun to absorb formaldehyde was greatly improved by spraying LaCl3. When S. au- reun was stressed by formaldehyde, its chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and POD activity increased by 8.17%, 56.92%, and 11.32%, respectively. However, compared the pre-spraying group with the no-spraying group under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of S. aureun reduced less, membrane permeability and MDA cumulative both increased less, but POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] The formaldehyde absorption capacity of S. aureun was mostly improved after LaCl3 was sprayed. 展开更多
关键词 La3+ Indoor ornamental plants Absorptive capacity to formaldehyde resistance
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Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes 被引量:6
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作者 ZHANG Pei-pei Takele Weldu Gebrewahid +3 位作者 ZHOU Yue LI Qing-luo LI Zai-feng LIU Da-qun 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第5期1014-1023,共10页
Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant culti... Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.In the present study,a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr(leaf rust resistance)genes were inoculated with 16Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s)in the greenhouse.These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance(APR)genes(Lr12,Lr22b,Lr34,Lr35 and Lr37)were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding,Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.Furthermore,10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.Nonetheless,Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46.Lr genes namely,Lr9,Lr19,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr47,Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.Lr18,Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage.Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.Four race-specific APR genes Lr12,Lr13,Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.Seven race-specific genes,Lr2b,Lr2c,Lr11,Lr16,Lr26,Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China. 展开更多
关键词 TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. WHEAT leaf RUST gene postulation adult plant resistance
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Pathogenesis-related protein genes involved in race-specific allstage resistance and non-race specific high-temperature adultplant resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat 被引量:5
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作者 Sumaira Farrakh Meinan Wang Xianming Chen 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第11期2478-2491,共14页
Interactions of the stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp responses. Among various genes involved in the plant-pathogen related (PR) protein genes determine different defense responses tritici) with wh... Interactions of the stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp responses. Among various genes involved in the plant-pathogen related (PR) protein genes determine different defense responses tritici) with wheat plants activate a w^ae range OT nost nteractions, the expressions of particular pathogenesis-Different types of resistance have been recognized and utilized for developing wheat cultivars for resistance to stripe rust. All-stage resistance can be detected in seedling stage and remains at high levels throughout the plant growth stages. This type of resistance is race-specific and not durable. In contrast, plants with only high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance are susceptible in seedling stage, but become resistant when plants grow older and the weather becomes warmer. HTAP resistance controlled by a single gene is partial, but usually non-race specific and durable. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of PR protein genes involved in different types of wheat resistance to stripe rust. The expression levels of 8 PR protein genes (PR1, PRI.2, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR9 and PRIO) were quantitatively evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after inoculation in single resistance gene lines of wheat with all-stage resistance genes YrTrl, Yr76, YrSP and YrExp2 and lines carrying HTAP resistance genes Yr52, Yr59, Yr62 and Yr7B. Races PSTv-4 and PSTv-37 for compatible and incompatible interactions were used in evaluation of PR protein gene expression in wheat lines carrying all-stage resistance genes in the seedling- stage experiment while PSTv-37 was used in the HTAP experiment. Analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that all of the PR protein genes were involved in the different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes. However, these genes were upregulated at different time points and at different levels during the infection process among the wheat lines with different Yr genes for either all-stage resistance or HTAP resistance. Some of the genes were also induced in compatible interactions, but the levels were almost always higher in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction at the same time point for each Yr gene. These results indicate that both salicylic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways are involved in both race-specific all-stage resistance and non-race specific HTAP resistance. Although expressing at different stages of infection and at different levels, these PR protein genes work in concert for contribution to different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT stripe rust plant resistance pathogen-related protein QRT-PCR
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Enhanced Stem Nematode Resistance of Transgenic Sweetpotato Plants Expressing Oryzacystatin-I Gene 被引量:4
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作者 GAO Shang YU Bo ZHAI Hong HE Shao-zhen LIU Qing-chang 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2011年第4期519-525,共7页
Enhanced stem nematode resistance of transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Lizixiang) was achieved using Oryzacystatin-I (OCI) gene with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbor... Enhanced stem nematode resistance of transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Lizixiang) was achieved using Oryzacystatin-I (OCI) gene with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 harbors a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 with OCI gene, gusA gene and hptII gene. Selection culture was conducted using 25 mg L-1 hygromycin. A total of 1 715 plants were produced from the inoculated 1 450 cell aggregates of Lizixiang via somatic embryogenesis. GUS assay and PCR analysis of the putative transgenic plants randomly sampled showed that 90.54% of them were transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to stem nematodes compared to the untransformed control plants by the field evaluation with stem nematodes. Stable integration of the OCI gene into the genome of resistant transgenic plants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and the copy number of integrated OCI gene ranged from 1 to 4. Transgene overexpression in stem nematode-resistant plants was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. This study provides a way for improving stem nematode resistance in sweetpotato. 展开更多
关键词 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Oryzacystatin-I gene stem nematode resistance transgenic plant
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Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density 被引量:6
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作者 Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK +6 位作者 Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期417-433,共17页
Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide.In this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,ligni... Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide.In this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density.We compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.The optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin content.The application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.Internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging percentage.In conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density. 展开更多
关键词 high plant density lodging resistance MAIZE nitrogen rates nitrogen application modes
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Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants on Antiinsulin Resistance Bioactivity of DXMS-Induced Insulin Resistant HepG2 Cells 被引量:4
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作者 Jun-Zeng Ma Li-Xin Yang +7 位作者 Xiao-Ling Shen Ji-Huan Qin Li-Lan Deng Selena Ahmed Hong-Xi Xu Da-Yuan Xue Jiang-Xia Ye Gang Xu 《Natural Products and Bioprospecting》 CAS 2014年第4期197-206,共10页
Medicinal plants have a long history of use in China to treat diabetic symptoms.Ancient Chinese medical manuscripts and ethnobotanical surveys document plant remedies that continue to be actively used in China for the... Medicinal plants have a long history of use in China to treat diabetic symptoms.Ancient Chinese medical manuscripts and ethnobotanical surveys document plant remedies that continue to be actively used in China for the treatment of diabetic symptoms.Based on a systematic ancient Chinese medical manuscripts review in combination with ethnobotanical survey,16 medicinal plants for the traditional treatment of diabetic symptoms were identified for the evaluation of anti-insulin resistance bioactivity.The biological activity of 16 medicinal plants was tested on dexamethasone(DXMS)-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells.The result shows that 11 of the 16 medicinal plants enhanced glucose uptake of DXMS-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells,thereby demonstrating their ability to increase insulin sensitivity,other five medicinal plants including Astragalus membranaceus were found ineffective.The study shows that ancient Chinese medical manuscripts and ethnobotanical surveys on plants for the prevention and treatment of diabetic symptoms provide a promising knowledge base for drug discovery to mitigate the global diabetes epidemic. 展开更多
关键词 Traditional medicinal plants Diabetes Anti-insulin resistance bioactivity DXMS-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells
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Molecular mechanisms of stress resistance in sorghum: Implications for crop improvement strategies
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作者 Hongxiang Zheng Yingying Dang +1 位作者 Xianmin Diao Na Sui 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期741-768,共28页
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a C4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficie... Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution, are the main environmental factors that limit crop growth and yield. Sorghum, a C4 grass plant with high photosynthetic efficiency, can grow in adverse environmental conditions due to its excellent stress resistance characteristics. Therefore, unraveling the stress-resistance mechanism of sorghum could provide a theoretical basis for developing and cultivating various stress-resistant crops. This understanding could also help to create a conducive environment for using marginal soil in agriculture and ensuring food security. In this review, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum under drought, salinity, temperature, and soil heavy metal stresses, the specific response to stress, the screening of sorghum-resistant germplasm, and the identification and functional analysis of the relevant genes and quantitative trait loci(QTL). In addition, we discuss the application potential of different stress-tolerant sorghum germplasms reported to date and emphasize the feasibility and potential use in developing and promoting highly stress-tolerant sorghum in marginal soil. 展开更多
关键词 abiotic stress C4 plants QTL SORGHUM stress resistance yield stability
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Multifactorial nature of hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance: Could plant polyphenols be helpful? 被引量:3
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作者 Natale D'Alessandro Paola Poma Giuseppe Montalto 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第14期2037-2043,共7页
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a quite frequent tumor which results in high mortality and most often exhibits a poor response to present drug therapies. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the biological... Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a quite frequent tumor which results in high mortality and most often exhibits a poor response to present drug therapies. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the biological bases of this malignancy might suggest new strategies for its treatment. Here we examine the evidences that both "pharmacological" mechanisms (e.g. drug transporter or detoxification enzyme over-expression) and alterations in other critical factors, including the IAPs (Inhibitory of Apoptosis Proteins), involved in enhancement of cell survival and proliferation may determine the therapeutic resistance of HCC; we also underline the possible role in the process of the activation of transcription factors, like NF-κB, capable of contemporaneously up-regulating the mechanisms discussed. On this basis, we finally comment on the possible use of natural multi-targeted antitumoral agents like plant polyphenols to achieve sensitization to treatments in HCC. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatocellular carcinoma Drug resistance Drug transporters Inhibition of cell death LAPS NF-κB plant polyphenols
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Plant Resistance to Pest and Research Progress of Its Genetic Improvement 被引量:2
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作者 Chen Manfeng Wang Xuejun +4 位作者 Ge Hong Miao Yamei Wang Kaihua Gu Chunyan Meng Lingyang 《Plant Diseases and Pests》 CAS 2015年第1期7-12,共6页
Pest damage is a significant factor that cuts agricultural production, and cultivation of pest-resistant varieties is the most economic and effective approach of controlling pest damage. Plant pest resistance includes... Pest damage is a significant factor that cuts agricultural production, and cultivation of pest-resistant varieties is the most economic and effective approach of controlling pest damage. Plant pest resistance includes antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. Current popular methods for the genetic improvement of crop pest resistance are traditional breeding method, transgenic breeding, and molecular mark-assisted breeding. This paper introduced major mechanisms and genetic bases of plant pest resistance, "and reviewed research progress of domestic and international genetic improvement of plant pest resistance, analyzed the problems and its de- velopment prospects. 展开更多
关键词 plant pest resistance Genetic improvement
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Characterization and screening of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)germplasm for leafhopper(Amrasca biguttula biguttula(Ishida))resistance
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作者 Mawblei Chossterfield Premalatha Nallathambi +1 位作者 Manivannan Alagarsamy Senguttuvan Kannan 《Journal of Cotton Research》 CAS 2024年第2期188-195,共8页
Background Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is one of the most significant fibre and cash crops and plays an important role in Indian industrial and agricultural economies.However,over the years quantity and quality have ... Background Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is one of the most significant fibre and cash crops and plays an important role in Indian industrial and agricultural economies.However,over the years quantity and quality have been hampered by the pest leafhopper.Leafhopper alone has been shown to cause yield losses of up to 40%.In this study,screening and evaluation were performed to identify and categorize 100 cotton genotypes along with 5 checks as resistant,moderately resistant,sensitive and highly sensitive to leafhoppers.Results A total of hundred genotypes were evaluated along with five checks for leafhopper resistance.Based on the screening results,a total of 19 genotypes were resistant to leafhoppers,which was on par with the findings of the check KC 3.The contents of total soluble sugar,total soluble protein,and total free amino acids were significantly positively correlated with the mean grade,whereas total phenols content and trichome density were significantly negatively correlated with the susceptibility grade.However,based on screening and biochemical analysis,the genotypes KC 2,JR-23,Samaru-26-T,D 4,TCH 1728,RS 253,and B-61-1862 exhibited high resistance to leafhopper.Conclusion According to the findings of this study,choosing genotypes with high total phenolics content together with high trichome density and low contents of total soluble sugar,total soluble protein,and free amino acids may aid in the development of resistant genotypes. 展开更多
关键词 GOSSYPIUM Amrasca biguttula biguttula Field screening Host plant resistance Biochemical parameters
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Study on the Resistance Indexes of Four Kinds of Desert Plants in Qinghai Lake Area 被引量:1
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作者 SHI Hui-lan Department of Biosciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2011年第5期54-57,共4页
[Objective] The research aimed to study the resistance of four kinds of desert plants in Qinhai Lake area.[Method] By contrasting the resistance indexes of four kinds of plants which included Ephedra intermedia,Stelle... [Objective] The research aimed to study the resistance of four kinds of desert plants in Qinhai Lake area.[Method] By contrasting the resistance indexes of four kinds of plants which included Ephedra intermedia,Stellera chamaejasme,Achnatherum splendens and Xanthopappus subacaulis,the resistance of four kinds of plants in Qinghai Lake area was analyzed.The resistance indexes included the soluble protein,MDA,free Pro content and the activities of SOD,POD,CAT.Moreover,the resistance of four kinds of plants was evaluated comprehensively by using Fuzzy membership function method.[Result] Under the low-temperature and arid adversity in Qinghai Lake area,SOD activity presented as Stellera chamaejasme>Xanthopappus subacaulis>Ephedra intermedia>Achnatherum splendens,and CAT activity presented as Stellera chamaejasme>Xanthopappus subacaulis>Achnatherum splendens>Ephedra intermedia.Under the same high-salt environment,CAT activity of Stellera chamaejasme was eight times higher than that of Ephedra intermedia.It illustrated that the salt resistance of Stellera chamaejasme was stronger than that of Ephedra intermedia.The free Pro content showed as Xanthopappus subacaulis>Ephedra intermedia>Stellera chamaejasme>Achnatherum splendens.Under the same adversity,Pro content of Ephedra intermedia was 2.83 times of Stellera chamaejasme.It was because that MDA content in Stellera chamaejasme was the lowest,and the membranous peroxide harm was the smallest.It caused that Pro content (stress penetration material) was low.It also illustrated that the resistance of Stellera chamaejasme was stronger than that of Ephedra intermedia.The comprehensive evaluation of Fuzzy membership function showed that the resistance presented as Xanthopappus subacaulis>Stellera chamaejasme>Ephedra intermedia>Achnatherum splendens.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for the breeding of drought-resistance new variety and the development of good germ plasm resource in Qinghai Lake area. 展开更多
关键词 Qinghai Lake area Desert plant resistance China
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Evaluation of cotton germplasm for morphological and biochemical host plant UPdates resistance traits against sucking insect pests complex 被引量:2
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作者 RIZWAN Muhammad ABRO Saifullah +4 位作者 ASIF Muhammad Usman HAMEED Amjad MAH BOOB Wajid DEHO Zaheer Ahmed SIAL Mahboob Ali 《Journal of Cotton Research》 2021年第3期211-218,共8页
Background:Sucking insect pests cause severe damage to cotton crop production.The development of insect resistant cotton cultivars is one of the most effective measures in curtailing the yield losses.Considering the r... Background:Sucking insect pests cause severe damage to cotton crop production.The development of insect resistant cotton cultivars is one of the most effective measures in curtailing the yield losses.Considering the role of morphological and biochemical host plant resista nee(HPR)traits in plant defense,12 cotton genotypes/varieties were evaluated for leaf area,leaf glanding,total soluble sugars,total soluble proteins,total phenolics,tannin and total flavonoids against fluctuating populations of whitefly,thrips and jassid under field conditions.Results:The population of these insects fluctuated during the growing seas on and remained above threshold level(whitefly>5,thrips>(8-10)f or jassid>1 per leaf)during late June and early July.Strong and negative association of whitefly(r=-0.825)and jassid(r=-0.929)with seed cotton yield was observed.Mean population of insects were the highest in Glandless-1 followed by NIA-82 and NIA-M30.NIAB-Kiran followed by NI AB-878 and Sadori were the most resistant,with the mean population of 1.41,1.60,1.66(whitefly);2.24,232,2.53(thrips)and 037,0.31,036(jassid),respectively.The resistant variety NIAB-Kiran showed less soluble sugars(8.54 mg.g^(-1)),soluble proteins(27.11 mg.g^(-1))and more phenolic(36.56 mg.g^(-1))and flavonoids(13.10mg.g^(-1))as compared with the susceptible check Glandless-1.Moreover,all insect populations were positively correlated with total soluble sugars and proteins.Whitefly populations exhibited negative response to leaf gossypol glands,total phenolics,tannins and flavonoids.The thrips and jassid populations had a significant and negative correlation with these four biochemical HPR traits.Conclusion:The ide ntified resistant resources and HPR traits can be deployed against sucking in sect pests'complex in future breeding programs of developing insect resistant cotton varieties. 展开更多
关键词 GOSSYPIUM Insect resistance plant defense plant breeding resistant traits Sucking in sects
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Study of the Adult-Plant Resistance at Different Growth Stages to Stripe Rust in Wheat 被引量:2
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作者 ZHAOHuan-huan RPSingh +2 位作者 Huerta-Espino YANGZuo-min SUNQi-xin 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2005年第7期528-532,共5页
Components of resistance were investigated for five adult-plant resistant (APR) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars at sixgrowth stages and two temperatures in the greenhouse, and disease progress in a field trial. Ch... Components of resistance were investigated for five adult-plant resistant (APR) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars at sixgrowth stages and two temperatures in the greenhouse, and disease progress in a field trial. Chinese cultivar Chuanyu 12displayed high to intermediate infection type (IT) in the greenhouse but was highly resistant in the field. Weebill showedan intermediate IT in the greenhouse and also in the field. Chpaio, Tukuru and Saar, known to carry combinations of Yr18and 2-3 additional minor genes, were highly resistant in both experiments. Greenhouse experiments indicated that thelower IT of APR cultivars initiated at tillering stage. Latent periods (LP) for APR cultivars were generally longer as thegrowth stage progressed. We conclude that APR to stripe rust can be best characterized in field trials although significantcorrelations are seen between field severity and IT and LP measured in the greenhouse. 展开更多
关键词 WHEAT Puccinia striiformis Adult-plant resistance
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Identification of Bt-transgenic Rice Plants for Resistance to Stripe Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis) and Genetic Analysis of the Transgenes
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作者 ZHU Chang-xiang, YAO Fang-yin, LI Guang-xian and WEN Fu-jiang( College of Life Sciences , Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China Shandong Rice Research Institute , Jining 272077, P.R. China) 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2002年第4期388-390,共3页
Resistance to herbicide Basta was used to identify Bt-transgenic rice plants and the progenies of crosses between the Bt-transgenic rice and the rice varieties cultivated in the Huang Huai area of China. The results d... Resistance to herbicide Basta was used to identify Bt-transgenic rice plants and the progenies of crosses between the Bt-transgenic rice and the rice varieties cultivated in the Huang Huai area of China. The results demonstrated that the Basta-positive rice plants were highly resistant to stripe stem borer (Chilo sup-pressalis) both in the laboratory and field tests. Both cryIA (b) and bar genes were expressed and co-inherited in both self ing and crossing progenies. Mendelian segregation of the marker gene bar was observed in F2 and BC1 progenies. The results implicates that it is possible to transfer cryIA (b) gene into other cultivated varieties through crosses and back crosses. 展开更多
关键词 Bt-transgenic plants Basta-resistance resistance to stripe stem borer Genetic analysis Chilo suppressalis
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