Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-sav...Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-saving irrigation conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying these properties are unclear.We investigated how improved agronomic traits contribute to higher yield and higher water use efficiency(WUE)in DRRs than in DSRs under alternate wetting and drying(AWD).Two DRRs and two DSRs were field-grown in 2015 and 2016 using two different irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF)and AWD.Under CF,no statistical differences in grain yield and WUE were observed between DRRs and DSRs.Irrigation water under the AWD regime was 275–349 mm,an amount 49.8%–56.2% of that(552–620 mm)applied under the CF regime.Compared to CF,AWD significantly decreased grain yield in both DRRs and DSRs,with a more significant reduction in DSRs,and WUE was increased in DRRs,but not in DSRs,by 9.9%–23.0% under AWD.Under AWD,DRRs showed a 20.2%–26.2% increase in grain yield and an 18.6%–24.5% increase in WUE compared to DSRs.Compared to DSRs,DRRs showed less redundant vegetative growth,greater sink capacity,higher grain filling efficiency,larger root biomass,and deeper root distribution under AWD.We conclude that these improved agronomic traits exert positive influences on WUE in DRRs under AWD.展开更多
Water-saving and drought-resistance upland rice has become a preferable choice for cotton farmlands ready for changing crops or paddy fields with water in short,because simplified and mechanical cultivation can be app...Water-saving and drought-resistance upland rice has become a preferable choice for cotton farmlands ready for changing crops or paddy fields with water in short,because simplified and mechanical cultivation can be applied for the rice varieties of drought resistance and high yield.At present,it has been applied with an area of 400 000 hm2 in Hunan Province and the area continues growing.The research bred and introduced the relevant cultivation technology standard applicable to local water-saving and drought-resistance rice varieties in order to improve farmer's benefits.展开更多
Construction of "water-saving landscape architecture" is a crucial content of building "conservation-minded society'',an important approach of ensuring the sustainable development of landscaping...Construction of "water-saving landscape architecture" is a crucial content of building "conservation-minded society'',an important approach of ensuring the sustainable development of landscaping industry.It targets at exploring a reasonable means of using the nature,so as to improve ecological conditions and environment,save resources and energies,and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.Landscape plant is a significant component of landscape architecture,it is a key section to choose proper drought-resistant plant species for the landscape construction.展开更多
To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistan...To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding (NTDS) mode and conventional tillage direct seeding (CTDS) mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.展开更多
As the connotations of urban green spaces and urban eco-green spaces have been more realized,drought-resistant green spaces have become a unique development trend,and drought-resistant flowers have been more applied i...As the connotations of urban green spaces and urban eco-green spaces have been more realized,drought-resistant green spaces have become a unique development trend,and drought-resistant flowers have been more applied in green spaces.This paper summarized characteristics of drought-resistant flowers,foreign and domestic researches in this field,advantages and disadvantages of their application in urban green spaces,and proposed key directions of the future researches.展开更多
In this experiment, using the methods of drought-stress in the pot and PEG simulative drought-stress, three native rocky-slope grasses Pogonatherum panideum(Lam.) Hack, Erioophorum comosum nees and Cynodon dactylon ...In this experiment, using the methods of drought-stress in the pot and PEG simulative drought-stress, three native rocky-slope grasses Pogonatherum panideum(Lam.) Hack, Erioophorum comosum nees and Cynodon dactylon cultivated in the pots were selected as materials to study their drought-resistance by analyzing the indexes such as the leaf area index, the drying roots accumulation, the holding water ability of leaf, the relative conductance of leaf, the soluble protein, chlorophyll. At the same time, by comparing with membership function value of each index, the order of each grass drought-resistance was decided. The results showed that the drought-resistance of Erioophorum comosum nees was stronger than Cynodon dactylon and drought-resistance of Cynodon dactylon was stronger than Pogonatherum panideum (Lam.) Hack. The purpose of the experimental results was to find theoretical foundations for selecting and cultivating native protecting-slope vegetations to adapt to rocky slopes.展开更多
Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety Huhan 3 was subjected to drought stress from tille...Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety Huhan 3 was subjected to drought stress from tillering to grain-filling stages in six successive growth cycles. The variations in DNA methylation pattern between the original generation (Go) and the sixth generation (G6) were analyzed by using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results revealed that the methylated loci accounted for 34.3% to 34.8% of the total loci. Among these methylated loci, 83.1% to 84.8% were full- and hyper-methylated and 15.2% to 16.9% were hemi-methylated. The DNA methylation level decreased from the three-leaf to four-leaf stages in Huhan 3. Differentially methylated loci (DML) between generations or/and between different developmental stages accounted for 4.0% of the total loci, most of which were only related to plant development (57.9%). Compared to Go, the DNA methylation pattern of G8 changed after drought domestication, at the three-leaf stage, de-methylation accounting for 59.1%, while at the four-leaf stage, re-methylation for 47.9%. Genome-wide alternations of DNA methylation were observed between the two seedling stages, and DML mainly occurred on the gene's promoter and exon region. The genes related to DML involved in a wide range of functional biology and participated in many important biological processes.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant veml to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [ Method] A drought-resistant mutant veml was isolated from the Arabidops/s mut...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant veml to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [ Method] A drought-resistant mutant veml was isolated from the Arabidops/s mutant pool. The germination rates of wild-type (WT) and mutant veml were detected to investigate the responses of mutant veml to mannitol, NaCl and ABA stress. [ Result] The mutant veml was resistant to mannitol and NaC1 stress but sensitive to ABA stress. VEM1 gene was cloned by Tail-PCR technology and sequenced. The sequencing result was submitted to NCBI for sequence alignment and gene mapping using BLAST. Database analysis suggested that VEM1 gene was a transposable clement gene. [ Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for functional analysis of drought-resistant gene VEM1.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching (plastic film on sowing, as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing) and chemicals (a drou...Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching (plastic film on sowing, as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing) and chemicals (a drought resistant agent and a water- retaining agent) on growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring millet (Setaria italica L.). The experimental results showed that water-collecting and -retaining techniques can effectively increase soil moisture content, the leaf photosynthetic rate and crop growth. Due to increased soil moisture under the plastic-covered ridge and furrow water-collecting in July and August, dry matter and plant height had a increase at the booting stage (late growth advantage). However, the plastic-covered flat soil and hole sowing reduced soil evaporation during early growth, the increase of dry matter and plant height appeared at the seedling stage (early growth advantage). Plastic-covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents had significant positive effects on water collection and soil moisture retention. Improvement of soil moisture resulted into the increase of the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation yield and WUE. The water-collecting and -retaining techniques can improve WUE and enhance crop yield. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the photosynthetic rate under the water-collecting and -retaining techniques was significantly associated with the soil moisture, but had no significant relationship with leaf chlorophyll content. Plastic- covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents increased the yield and WUE by 114% and 8.16 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, compared with the control; while without the chemical reagents the yield and WUE were 95% and 7.42 kg ha-1 mm-1 higher, respectively, than those of the control.展开更多
Exploring the molecular mechanism of soybean response to drought stress,providing a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of heat-resistant varieties,relying on the transcriptome sequencing data of unpollinated o...Exploring the molecular mechanism of soybean response to drought stress,providing a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of heat-resistant varieties,relying on the transcriptome sequencing data of unpollinated ovary at the seven-leaf stage of soybean Jinong 18(JN18)and Jinong 18 mutant(JB18)soybeans,using reverse transcription,one gene in the sHSP family was cloned using PCR(RT-PCR)and it was named sHSP26.In this experiment,the soybean sHSP26 gene was successfully cloned by RT-PCR,the protein encoded by the sHSP26 gene was analyzed by bioinformatics,and the sHSP26 gene overexpression vector and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed.The positive plants were derived from Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean cotyledon nodes,and T2 plants were identified through conventional PCR,QT-PCR,and Southern blot hybridization.Finally,through the determination of drought-related physiological and biochemical indicators and the analysis of agronomic traits,further research on gene function was conducted.The results indicated that the overexpression vector plant GmsHSP26 gene expression increased.After stress,the SOD and POD activities,and the PRO content of the transgenic overexpression plants increased,while the MDA content decreased.The reverse was true for soybean plants with genetically modified editing vectors.A survey of agronomic traits indicated that the fourpod ratio and yield per plant of the transgenic overexpression plants were higher than those of the control and transgenic editing vector soybean plants.It indicates that the expression of the sHSP26 gene can enhance drought resistance and soybean yield.The soybean sHSP26 gene cloning and its functional verification have not yet been reported.This is the first report where PCR amplification of soybean sHSP26 genes and gene expression vector were applied.It lays the foundation for creating new drought-resistant transgenic soybean lines through genetic engineering technology and is essential for improving soybean yield and quality.展开更多
Water shortage is increasingly an important factor limiting the sustainable development of global economy, posing a hugethreat to social security and human existence. Water usage in agriculture accounts for about 70% ...Water shortage is increasingly an important factor limiting the sustainable development of global economy, posing a hugethreat to social security and human existence. Water usage in agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water consumptionin the world, and rice cultivation is in turn the largest water user, which accounts for about 50% of total water usage inagriculture. Therefore, it is quite important to improve water utilization efficiency to reduce water consumption in rice.Water stress causes severe inhibition of plant growth and development as well as yield reduction, however the extent ofinhibition or reduction varies greatly with the growth stages, duration and severity of stress, and plant genotypes. In rice,drought resistance and water utilization efficiency might be improved by developing stress resistant cultivars and conductingproper agronomic practices. It is hence imperative to determine the suitable criteria in morphological and physiologicaltraits for drought resistance and water utilization efficiency in conventional breeding of rice. At present, leaf rolling, leafwater potential and carbon isotope discrimination are commonly used criteria for the evaluation and identification ofgermplasm with high drought resistance or water utilization efficiency. With rapid development of molecular biology,marker-assisted selection has been used in rice breeding against water stress. In this review, therefore, the agronomicaspect of water saving techniques such as selection of suitable rice cultivars, planting pattern, mulching, deficit irrigationand alternative drying and moist irrigation are discussed and effective approaches are also recommended.展开更多
The relationships between the changes of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and free proline contents in sweet potato leaves, and drought resistant ...The relationships between the changes of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and free proline contents in sweet potato leaves, and drought resistant ability under different concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment applied at rhizosphere of sweet potato seedlings were studied. A highly positive correlation between RWC and drought resistance (r =0.783, P〈0.01), a highly negative correlation between MDA contents and drought resistance (r = -0.848, P〈0.01), a highly positive correlation between SOD activity and drought resistance (r = 0.777, P〈0.01) was observed. Free proline contents in leaves was not related obviously to the sweet potato drought resistance under 25% PEG treatment. The stronger the drought resistance of variety, the less decrease of RWC and increase of MDA contents, the more increase of SOD activity. By determining these physiological indices in sweet potato leaves under 25% PEG treatment, rapid identification of drought resistant ability of different varieties can be obtained in the lab.展开更多
There is a rapid development of lawn industry, however, the researches on lawn culture, maintenance and its mechanisms lag behind. Studies of drought-resistance, fertilization, management and maintenance of lawn are d...There is a rapid development of lawn industry, however, the researches on lawn culture, maintenance and its mechanisms lag behind. Studies of drought-resistance, fertilization, management and maintenance of lawn are discussed in this paper. Besides, problems with the research on lawn culture and its maintenance in China are also analyzed. For example, soil has been destroyed seriously by the production of wrapping sward, but the studies on turf medium are deficient. Besides, the maintenance and management of lawn have not a standard due to the shortage of studies on turf quality assessment; applications of high-technique to lawn sciences are inadequate too. The developing tendency of lawn research in China is suggested at the end of this paper to help for the further studies in this field.展开更多
Fifty soybean germplasms with drought resistance selected from Huang-Huai-Hai Region were studied under field drought condition. The results showed that there was a diversity of drought resistance at different growth ...Fifty soybean germplasms with drought resistance selected from Huang-Huai-Hai Region were studied under field drought condition. The results showed that there was a diversity of drought resistance at different growth stages. Some varieties had drought resistance in whole growing period, but some only at one stage or several stages. Some varieties had both drought resistance and higher yield characters, some with drought resistance but lower yield. It was also found in present study that some drought resistant germplasms展开更多
120 azuki bean germplasms from different regions of China were selected for drought-resistance. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between drought-resistance and photooxidation-resistance....120 azuki bean germplasms from different regions of China were selected for drought-resistance. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between drought-resistance and photooxidation-resistance. So, the detecting technique for photooxidation-resistance should be suggested as a reference method to select the drought-resistance germplasms in azuki bean.展开更多
The article discusses the effective use of degraded foothill lands of the Kamashy district of the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Sustainable land use in the arid lands of the foothill zone, due to water conservatio...The article discusses the effective use of degraded foothill lands of the Kamashy district of the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Sustainable land use in the arid lands of the foothill zone, due to water conservation, growing seedlings of nut and fruit trees, growing fodder crops in row spacing, allows local livestock breeders to create a rational model of agroforestry system of land use. The organization and development of agroforestry will ensure sustainable land use, create additional jobs, increase household incomes and improve the standard of living of the population.展开更多
Soil drying-rewetting(DRW) events affect nutrient transformation and microbial community composition; however, little is known about the influence of drying intensity during the DRW events. Therefore, we analyzed soil...Soil drying-rewetting(DRW) events affect nutrient transformation and microbial community composition; however, little is known about the influence of drying intensity during the DRW events. Therefore, we analyzed soil nutrient composition and microbial communities with exposure to various drying intensities during an experimental drying-rewetting event, using a silt loam from a grassland of northern China, where the semi-arid climate exposes soils to a wide range of moisture conditions, and grasslands account for over 40% of the nation's land area. We also conducted a sterilization experiment to examine the contribution of soil microbes to nutrient pulses. Soil drying-rewetting decreased carbon(C) mineralization by 9%–27%. Both monosaccharide and mineral nitrogen(N) contents increased with higher drying intensities(drying to ≤ 10% gravimetric water content), with the increases being 204% and 110% with the highest drying intensity(drying to 2% gravimetric water content), respectively, whereas labile phosphorus(P)only increased(by 105%) with the highest drying intensity. Moreover, levels of microbial biomass C and N and dissolved organic N decreased with increasing drying intensity and were correlated with increases in dissolved organic C and mineral N, respectively,whereas the increases in labile P were not consistent with reductions in microbial biomass P. The sterilization experiment results indicated that microbes were primarily responsible for the C and N pulses, whereas non-microbial factors were the main contributors to the labile P pulses. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated that soil microbes were highly resistant to drying-rewetting events and that drought-resistant groups were probably responsible for nutrient transformation. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that moderate soil drying during drying-rewetting events could improve the mineralization of N, but not P, and that different mechanisms were responsible for the C, N, and P pulses observed during drying-rewetting events.展开更多
Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwe...Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia,to investigate the effects of two tillage practices(reduced tillage[RT]and conventional tillage[CT]),two planting methods(row planting[RP]and broadcast planting[BP]),and two compaction options(with[+T]and without[-T]trampling)on soil loss and teff yields in a split-split plot arrangement.Sediment concentration ranged from 0.01 to 5.37 g L^(-1)(mean,0.25 g L^(-1))in our study.Accordingly,the estimated total(August-October)soil loss ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 t ha^(-1)(mean,0.3 t ha^(-1)).The sediment concentration and total soil loss were significantly influenced(P<0.05)by tillage,planting methods,and trampling only in the third monitoring year.RT reduced soil loss by 19% relative to that of CT,whereas RP resulted in a 13%reduction in soil loss over BP.The-T plots showed a 15%reduction in soil loss as compared to+T plots.Results revealed significant increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen in RT and-T.Less soil loss and greater teff grain yield were obtained in plots with improved agronomic practices(RT and RP)compared to conventional ones(CT and BP).Based on our findings we conclude that the use of RT,RP,and-T practices can effectively minimize soil loss without any crop yield penalty.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300507,2016YFD0300108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671630,31671638,31501264)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01)
文摘Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-saving irrigation conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying these properties are unclear.We investigated how improved agronomic traits contribute to higher yield and higher water use efficiency(WUE)in DRRs than in DSRs under alternate wetting and drying(AWD).Two DRRs and two DSRs were field-grown in 2015 and 2016 using two different irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF)and AWD.Under CF,no statistical differences in grain yield and WUE were observed between DRRs and DSRs.Irrigation water under the AWD regime was 275–349 mm,an amount 49.8%–56.2% of that(552–620 mm)applied under the CF regime.Compared to CF,AWD significantly decreased grain yield in both DRRs and DSRs,with a more significant reduction in DSRs,and WUE was increased in DRRs,but not in DSRs,by 9.9%–23.0% under AWD.Under AWD,DRRs showed a 20.2%–26.2% increase in grain yield and an 18.6%–24.5% increase in WUE compared to DSRs.Compared to DSRs,DRRs showed less redundant vegetative growth,greater sink capacity,higher grain filling efficiency,larger root biomass,and deeper root distribution under AWD.We conclude that these improved agronomic traits exert positive influences on WUE in DRRs under AWD.
文摘Water-saving and drought-resistance upland rice has become a preferable choice for cotton farmlands ready for changing crops or paddy fields with water in short,because simplified and mechanical cultivation can be applied for the rice varieties of drought resistance and high yield.At present,it has been applied with an area of 400 000 hm2 in Hunan Province and the area continues growing.The research bred and introduced the relevant cultivation technology standard applicable to local water-saving and drought-resistance rice varieties in order to improve farmer's benefits.
文摘Construction of "water-saving landscape architecture" is a crucial content of building "conservation-minded society'',an important approach of ensuring the sustainable development of landscaping industry.It targets at exploring a reasonable means of using the nature,so as to improve ecological conditions and environment,save resources and energies,and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.Landscape plant is a significant component of landscape architecture,it is a key section to choose proper drought-resistant plant species for the landscape construction.
基金supported by the Key Project of Developing Agriculture through Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission,China(Grant No.2010-1-1)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds,China(Grant No.11QA1405900)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA101102)
文摘To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding (NTDS) mode and conventional tillage direct seeding (CTDS) mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.
基金Sponsored by Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(20122BBF60111)Jiangxi Provincial Spark Program(20141BBF61047)Production-Teaching-Research Cooperation Fund of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences(2013-09)
文摘As the connotations of urban green spaces and urban eco-green spaces have been more realized,drought-resistant green spaces have become a unique development trend,and drought-resistant flowers have been more applied in green spaces.This paper summarized characteristics of drought-resistant flowers,foreign and domestic researches in this field,advantages and disadvantages of their application in urban green spaces,and proposed key directions of the future researches.
基金The National Technologies Research and Development Program in the 10th Five-Year Plan of China(2001ba606a-6).
文摘In this experiment, using the methods of drought-stress in the pot and PEG simulative drought-stress, three native rocky-slope grasses Pogonatherum panideum(Lam.) Hack, Erioophorum comosum nees and Cynodon dactylon cultivated in the pots were selected as materials to study their drought-resistance by analyzing the indexes such as the leaf area index, the drying roots accumulation, the holding water ability of leaf, the relative conductance of leaf, the soluble protein, chlorophyll. At the same time, by comparing with membership function value of each index, the order of each grass drought-resistance was decided. The results showed that the drought-resistance of Erioophorum comosum nees was stronger than Cynodon dactylon and drought-resistance of Cynodon dactylon was stronger than Pogonatherum panideum (Lam.) Hack. The purpose of the experimental results was to find theoretical foundations for selecting and cultivating native protecting-slope vegetations to adapt to rocky slopes.
基金supported by the National High-Technology R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2012AA101102)the Project for High-Level Talents of China (Grant No. 2010C1120)Shanghai Key Program for Agriculture Science and Technology, China
文摘Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety Huhan 3 was subjected to drought stress from tillering to grain-filling stages in six successive growth cycles. The variations in DNA methylation pattern between the original generation (Go) and the sixth generation (G6) were analyzed by using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results revealed that the methylated loci accounted for 34.3% to 34.8% of the total loci. Among these methylated loci, 83.1% to 84.8% were full- and hyper-methylated and 15.2% to 16.9% were hemi-methylated. The DNA methylation level decreased from the three-leaf to four-leaf stages in Huhan 3. Differentially methylated loci (DML) between generations or/and between different developmental stages accounted for 4.0% of the total loci, most of which were only related to plant development (57.9%). Compared to Go, the DNA methylation pattern of G8 changed after drought domestication, at the three-leaf stage, de-methylation accounting for 59.1%, while at the four-leaf stage, re-methylation for 47.9%. Genome-wide alternations of DNA methylation were observed between the two seedling stages, and DML mainly occurred on the gene's promoter and exon region. The genes related to DML involved in a wide range of functional biology and participated in many important biological processes.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science from the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2011ZD08)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1208085MC47)National Innovation Training Program for College Students of China(201210359061)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the responses of drought-resistant mutant veml to stress and clone VEM1 gene in Arabidopsis. [ Method] A drought-resistant mutant veml was isolated from the Arabidops/s mutant pool. The germination rates of wild-type (WT) and mutant veml were detected to investigate the responses of mutant veml to mannitol, NaCl and ABA stress. [ Result] The mutant veml was resistant to mannitol and NaC1 stress but sensitive to ABA stress. VEM1 gene was cloned by Tail-PCR technology and sequenced. The sequencing result was submitted to NCBI for sequence alignment and gene mapping using BLAST. Database analysis suggested that VEM1 gene was a transposable clement gene. [ Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for functional analysis of drought-resistant gene VEM1.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300213 and 30070439)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China (NCET-07-0700)
文摘Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching (plastic film on sowing, as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing) and chemicals (a drought resistant agent and a water- retaining agent) on growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring millet (Setaria italica L.). The experimental results showed that water-collecting and -retaining techniques can effectively increase soil moisture content, the leaf photosynthetic rate and crop growth. Due to increased soil moisture under the plastic-covered ridge and furrow water-collecting in July and August, dry matter and plant height had a increase at the booting stage (late growth advantage). However, the plastic-covered flat soil and hole sowing reduced soil evaporation during early growth, the increase of dry matter and plant height appeared at the seedling stage (early growth advantage). Plastic-covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents had significant positive effects on water collection and soil moisture retention. Improvement of soil moisture resulted into the increase of the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation yield and WUE. The water-collecting and -retaining techniques can improve WUE and enhance crop yield. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the photosynthetic rate under the water-collecting and -retaining techniques was significantly associated with the soil moisture, but had no significant relationship with leaf chlorophyll content. Plastic- covered ridge and furrow sowing supplemented with chemical reagents increased the yield and WUE by 114% and 8.16 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively, compared with the control; while without the chemical reagents the yield and WUE were 95% and 7.42 kg ha-1 mm-1 higher, respectively, than those of the control.
基金the Jilin Province Education Department Science and Technology Research Project[JJKH20210350KJ]the Jilin Province Science and Technology Guidance Program Project[20200402023NC]+1 种基金the Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project[20200201027JC]the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jilin Province[2021]。
文摘Exploring the molecular mechanism of soybean response to drought stress,providing a basis for genetic improvement and breeding of heat-resistant varieties,relying on the transcriptome sequencing data of unpollinated ovary at the seven-leaf stage of soybean Jinong 18(JN18)and Jinong 18 mutant(JB18)soybeans,using reverse transcription,one gene in the sHSP family was cloned using PCR(RT-PCR)and it was named sHSP26.In this experiment,the soybean sHSP26 gene was successfully cloned by RT-PCR,the protein encoded by the sHSP26 gene was analyzed by bioinformatics,and the sHSP26 gene overexpression vector and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector were constructed.The positive plants were derived from Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean cotyledon nodes,and T2 plants were identified through conventional PCR,QT-PCR,and Southern blot hybridization.Finally,through the determination of drought-related physiological and biochemical indicators and the analysis of agronomic traits,further research on gene function was conducted.The results indicated that the overexpression vector plant GmsHSP26 gene expression increased.After stress,the SOD and POD activities,and the PRO content of the transgenic overexpression plants increased,while the MDA content decreased.The reverse was true for soybean plants with genetically modified editing vectors.A survey of agronomic traits indicated that the fourpod ratio and yield per plant of the transgenic overexpression plants were higher than those of the control and transgenic editing vector soybean plants.It indicates that the expression of the sHSP26 gene can enhance drought resistance and soybean yield.The soybean sHSP26 gene cloning and its functional verification have not yet been reported.This is the first report where PCR amplification of soybean sHSP26 genes and gene expression vector were applied.It lays the foundation for creating new drought-resistant transgenic soybean lines through genetic engineering technology and is essential for improving soybean yield and quality.
文摘Water shortage is increasingly an important factor limiting the sustainable development of global economy, posing a hugethreat to social security and human existence. Water usage in agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water consumptionin the world, and rice cultivation is in turn the largest water user, which accounts for about 50% of total water usage inagriculture. Therefore, it is quite important to improve water utilization efficiency to reduce water consumption in rice.Water stress causes severe inhibition of plant growth and development as well as yield reduction, however the extent ofinhibition or reduction varies greatly with the growth stages, duration and severity of stress, and plant genotypes. In rice,drought resistance and water utilization efficiency might be improved by developing stress resistant cultivars and conductingproper agronomic practices. It is hence imperative to determine the suitable criteria in morphological and physiologicaltraits for drought resistance and water utilization efficiency in conventional breeding of rice. At present, leaf rolling, leafwater potential and carbon isotope discrimination are commonly used criteria for the evaluation and identification ofgermplasm with high drought resistance or water utilization efficiency. With rapid development of molecular biology,marker-assisted selection has been used in rice breeding against water stress. In this review, therefore, the agronomicaspect of water saving techniques such as selection of suitable rice cultivars, planting pattern, mulching, deficit irrigationand alternative drying and moist irrigation are discussed and effective approaches are also recommended.
文摘The relationships between the changes of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and free proline contents in sweet potato leaves, and drought resistant ability under different concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment applied at rhizosphere of sweet potato seedlings were studied. A highly positive correlation between RWC and drought resistance (r =0.783, P〈0.01), a highly negative correlation between MDA contents and drought resistance (r = -0.848, P〈0.01), a highly positive correlation between SOD activity and drought resistance (r = 0.777, P〈0.01) was observed. Free proline contents in leaves was not related obviously to the sweet potato drought resistance under 25% PEG treatment. The stronger the drought resistance of variety, the less decrease of RWC and increase of MDA contents, the more increase of SOD activity. By determining these physiological indices in sweet potato leaves under 25% PEG treatment, rapid identification of drought resistant ability of different varieties can be obtained in the lab.
文摘There is a rapid development of lawn industry, however, the researches on lawn culture, maintenance and its mechanisms lag behind. Studies of drought-resistance, fertilization, management and maintenance of lawn are discussed in this paper. Besides, problems with the research on lawn culture and its maintenance in China are also analyzed. For example, soil has been destroyed seriously by the production of wrapping sward, but the studies on turf medium are deficient. Besides, the maintenance and management of lawn have not a standard due to the shortage of studies on turf quality assessment; applications of high-technique to lawn sciences are inadequate too. The developing tendency of lawn research in China is suggested at the end of this paper to help for the further studies in this field.
文摘Fifty soybean germplasms with drought resistance selected from Huang-Huai-Hai Region were studied under field drought condition. The results showed that there was a diversity of drought resistance at different growth stages. Some varieties had drought resistance in whole growing period, but some only at one stage or several stages. Some varieties had both drought resistance and higher yield characters, some with drought resistance but lower yield. It was also found in present study that some drought resistant germplasms
文摘120 azuki bean germplasms from different regions of China were selected for drought-resistance. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between drought-resistance and photooxidation-resistance. So, the detecting technique for photooxidation-resistance should be suggested as a reference method to select the drought-resistance germplasms in azuki bean.
文摘The article discusses the effective use of degraded foothill lands of the Kamashy district of the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Sustainable land use in the arid lands of the foothill zone, due to water conservation, growing seedlings of nut and fruit trees, growing fodder crops in row spacing, allows local livestock breeders to create a rational model of agroforestry system of land use. The organization and development of agroforestry will ensure sustainable land use, create additional jobs, increase household incomes and improve the standard of living of the population.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(No.2017YJ17)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province,China(No.SXYBKY201720)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2013CB127403)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB15020402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571130061)
文摘Soil drying-rewetting(DRW) events affect nutrient transformation and microbial community composition; however, little is known about the influence of drying intensity during the DRW events. Therefore, we analyzed soil nutrient composition and microbial communities with exposure to various drying intensities during an experimental drying-rewetting event, using a silt loam from a grassland of northern China, where the semi-arid climate exposes soils to a wide range of moisture conditions, and grasslands account for over 40% of the nation's land area. We also conducted a sterilization experiment to examine the contribution of soil microbes to nutrient pulses. Soil drying-rewetting decreased carbon(C) mineralization by 9%–27%. Both monosaccharide and mineral nitrogen(N) contents increased with higher drying intensities(drying to ≤ 10% gravimetric water content), with the increases being 204% and 110% with the highest drying intensity(drying to 2% gravimetric water content), respectively, whereas labile phosphorus(P)only increased(by 105%) with the highest drying intensity. Moreover, levels of microbial biomass C and N and dissolved organic N decreased with increasing drying intensity and were correlated with increases in dissolved organic C and mineral N, respectively,whereas the increases in labile P were not consistent with reductions in microbial biomass P. The sterilization experiment results indicated that microbes were primarily responsible for the C and N pulses, whereas non-microbial factors were the main contributors to the labile P pulses. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated that soil microbes were highly resistant to drying-rewetting events and that drought-resistant groups were probably responsible for nutrient transformation. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that moderate soil drying during drying-rewetting events could improve the mineralization of N, but not P, and that different mechanisms were responsible for the C, N, and P pulses observed during drying-rewetting events.
基金This research was supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(grant no.JPMJSA 1601)Japan Science and Technology Agency,and Japan International Cooperation Agency.
文摘Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia,to investigate the effects of two tillage practices(reduced tillage[RT]and conventional tillage[CT]),two planting methods(row planting[RP]and broadcast planting[BP]),and two compaction options(with[+T]and without[-T]trampling)on soil loss and teff yields in a split-split plot arrangement.Sediment concentration ranged from 0.01 to 5.37 g L^(-1)(mean,0.25 g L^(-1))in our study.Accordingly,the estimated total(August-October)soil loss ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 t ha^(-1)(mean,0.3 t ha^(-1)).The sediment concentration and total soil loss were significantly influenced(P<0.05)by tillage,planting methods,and trampling only in the third monitoring year.RT reduced soil loss by 19% relative to that of CT,whereas RP resulted in a 13%reduction in soil loss over BP.The-T plots showed a 15%reduction in soil loss as compared to+T plots.Results revealed significant increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen in RT and-T.Less soil loss and greater teff grain yield were obtained in plots with improved agronomic practices(RT and RP)compared to conventional ones(CT and BP).Based on our findings we conclude that the use of RT,RP,and-T practices can effectively minimize soil loss without any crop yield penalty.