Research Progress on Analysis and Detection Techniques of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Foods

As an important guarantee for the prevention and control of animal diseases,veterinary drugs have important functions in improving animal production performance and product quality and maintaining ecological balance.They are an important guarantee for the healthy development of animal husbandry,food safety and public health.However,the irrational use and abuse of veterinary drugs and feed pharmaceutical additives are widespread,causing harmful substances in animal foods and damage to human health,and threatening the sustainable development of the environment and animal husbandry as well.In order to ensure human health,it is urgent to develop a simple,rapid,high-sensitivity,high-throughput and low-cost veterinary drug residue detection technology.In this paper,the sample pretreatment methods and detection techniques for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal foods were reviewed.

Situations and Countermeasures on Veterinary drug residues and Detection to Animal Material Food of Entry-Exit Trade

With the people's lives improving,the demands of livestock products on the import and export aspects were growing. Veterinary drug residues as the important factor which might influence animal products safety has become a major concern. In this paper,the status quo and inspection of the veterinary drug residue and the corresponding control measures were put forward.

Determination of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal-derived Foods by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a rapid and effective method for simultaneous extraction of 54 kinds of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived food, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, malachite greens, penicillins, nitroimidazoles, tranquilizers and macrolides, by HPLC-MS. [Methods] The samples were extracted with 80% acetonitrile water(containing 0.1% formic acid), combined with QuEChERS extraction technology and C18 and PSA purification, analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and quantified by external standard method. The target substances were analyzed on ZORBAX Eclipse C18 chromatographic column using 0.2% formic acid water and 0.2% methanol as mobile phases. The gradient elution mode was used for chromatographic separation and multiple reaction detection. [Results] In the linear range of 0.5-50.0 ng/ml, the linear relationship of the 54 kinds of veterinary drug residues was good, with correlation coefficients(r~2) greater than 0.995, and the detection limits ranged from 0.30 to 1.00 μg/kg. The results showed that the recovery ranged from 75.4% to 118.2% when different matrixes were added for recovery. [Conclusions] This method is simple, efficient, accurate, stable, and highly operable. It is applicable to simultaneous batch screening of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived food, and has high practical application value.

Background, Current Situation and International Experience of Food and Drug Police System

Establishing the food and drug police system is particularly important for effectively striking at illegal and criminal activities related to food and drug. This study firstly revealed actual background of establishment of the food and drug police system. Taking the high profile gutter oil case in 2013 as an example,it analyzed advantages of the police in food safety supervision. Then,it summarized some pilot projects in China and analyzed characteristics of the Office of Criminal Investigations of FDA. Finally,it came up with problems and recommendations for improving food and drug police system.

美国食品药物管理总局(FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,简称 FDA)情况简介

FDA是美联邦政府卫生部(DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE简称DHHS直译应为卫生及人类服务部,实即卫生部及有关福利事宜)下的直属机构。是对食品及药物等方面制定规范及进行管理的权威性机关。FDA除主要对食品、药物外还包括有生物制品,化妆品及医疗设施等的管理,与农业部(负责肉类、疏菜、水果的管理)、环境保护局(E.P.A)(负责空气、饮水、废弃物、农药、毒品等的管理)分工统管环境中的化学物。它们都是以立法为根据的代表政府的执法机关。 FDA的前身为化学部(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMLSTRY)建于1906年。现有工作人员约8。

Analysis on Epidemiology Causality Relationship Theory under Food and Drug Safety Context

Violation of food and drug safety and other hazard crimes have the features of long latency and multiple factors. Traditional criminal law causality theory is no controversy to determine causality of criminal responsibility, thus it is necessary to introduce the epidemiology causality theory-it is a kind of causality theory based on epidemic diseases, and it is the high degree of probability in the determination of causality in criminal laws so as to solve the traditional attribution problem, but the theory also exists applicable restriction conditions in judicial practice.

The State Food and Drug Administration:Supervisory Regulations on Cosmetics May Be Introduced This Year

On May 28, 2019 Chinese Cosmetics Development Conference was held in Beijing. At the conference, Li Nan, chief of the General Division, Supervision Department of the State Food and Drug Administration introduced China’s development concerning the cosmetics supervisory rules and regulations from the perspectives of legislation plan and thinking. He mentioned that the regulations on supervision and administration of cosmetics are expected to be released this year, and the regulations on cosmetic registration and label management.

Repurposing Loperamide as an Anti-Infection Drug for the Treatment of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Infections caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens are difficult to treat since most antibiotics have low cell permeability and undergo rapid degradation within cells.The rapid development and dissemination of antimicrobial–resistant strains have exacerbated this dilemma.With the increasing knowledge of host–pathogen interactions,especially bacterial strategies for survival and proliferation within host cells,host-directed therapy(HDT)has attracted increased interest and has emerged as a promising antiinfection method for treating intracellular infection.Herein,we applied a cell-based screening approach to a US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug library to identify compounds that can inhibit the intracellular replication of Salmonella Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium).This screening allowed us to identify the antidiarrheal agent loperamide(LPD)as a potent inhibitor of S.Typhimurium intracellular proliferation.LPD treatment of infected cells markedly promoted the host autophagic response and lysosomal activity.A mechanistic study revealed that the increase in host autophagy and elimination of intracellular bacteria were dependent on the high expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B(GPNMB)induced by LPD.In addition,LPD treatment effectively protected against S.Typhimurium infection in Galleria mellonella and mouse models.Thus,our study suggested that LPD may be useful for the treatment of diseases caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens.Moreover,LPD may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-infection drugs based on the HDT strategy.

Work Hard to Ensure Food,Drugs Safety for the People——An interview with Shao Mingli,director-general of the State Food and Drug Administration(SFDA)

Following is an interview given by Shao Mingli, director-general of China＇s State Food and Drug Administration to our reporter on what is being done to ensure food and drug safety in China. As everybody knows, food and drug safety is vital to people＇s lives.

Rapid testing methods for food contaminants and toxicants

Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.

Effects of tomato juice on the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-substrate drugs

We previously demonstrated that tomato juice(TJ) contains potent mechanism-based inhibitor(s) of CYP3A4. In this study, we investigated the effects of TJ and grapefruit juice(GFJ)on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A4-substrate drugs, nifedipine(NFP) and midazolam(MDZ), in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of GFJ 90 min before the intraduodenal administration of NFP or MDZ increased the area under the concentration–time curves(AUCs)of NFP and MDZ by 32.4% and 89.4%, respectively. TJ increased MDZ blood concentrations and AUC after intraduodenal MDZ administration;however, it had no effect on NFP. When MDZ and NFP were intravenously administered, GFJ significantly increased the AUC of MDZ,but only slightly increased that of NFP. In contrast, TJ only slightly increased the AUC of MDZ.These results suggest that, similar to GFJ, TJ influences the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4-substrate drugs;however, it may be a drug-dependent partial effect.

Determination of Sym-triazine Residues in Animal-derived Food by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

[Objective]The research aimed to establish a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting residues of diclazuril,toltrazuril and its metabolites in animal-derived food.[Method]The samples were pre-treated by QuEChERS technology and detected by Exactive liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.The liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting the residues of diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide in animal-derived food was established.[Result]Diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide showed a good linear correlation in the range of 2.0-50.0μg/L（r^2〉0.99）.The average recoveries of these four compounds in bovine power at the spiked levels of 2,10 and 20μg/kg were 74.5%-90.1%,and the relative standard deviations（RSD）were 15.4%-17.5%.[Conclusion]This method was stable and reliable,and could be used to detect diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide in animal-derived food.

Anti-obesity drugs currently used and new compounds in clinical development

Obesity is a chronic disease which requires treatment. As lifestyle interventions alone hardly ever result in long-term weight loss, pharmacotherapy is an impor-tant adjunct to lifestyle measures to improve the induc-tion and maintenance of weight loss. Owing to the lim-ited options currently available for the pharmacological treatment of obesity, it is imperative to develop new safe compounds. This study aims to review the current medications approved by European Medicines Agency and United States Food and Drug Administration （FDA） for the treatment of obesity, focusing essentially on their benefits and risks, as well as on the new drugs which are presently under clinical trials. Moreover, it lists the anti-obesity agents that have been recently withdrawn from the market. A revision of the scientifc literature was carried out, through a search on Pubmedfor papers published from January 2010 to January2013. Orlistat （Xenical？） is currently the only long-termpharmacotherapy for obesity available in the Europeanmarket, as rimonabant and sibutramine were with-drawn in 2008 and 2010, respectively, due to serious psychiatric and cardiovascular adverse effects. Lorca-serin （Belviq？） and the association of phentermine and topiramate （QsymiaTM） were recently approved by FDA. Orlistat suppresses appetite inhibiting gastrointestinal lipase, being its adverse effects mostly gastrointestinal. Lorcaserin activates 5-HT2C receptors, phentermine is a norepinephrine releasing drug, and topiramate is an anticonvulsivant drug with weight loss properties.

淮安市218批婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因检测和耐药性分析

目的 了解淮安市婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染现状及其对药物敏感、主要毒力基因携带情况。方法2022~2023年抽取淮安市七个县区的婴幼儿奶粉及婴幼儿辅助食品共218批,根据GB4789.14-2014《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验蜡样芽胞杆菌检验》蜡样芽胞杆菌平板计数法(第一法)进行检测,并进行药物敏感性试验,采用荧光定量PCR对检出的蜡样芽胞杆菌进行溶血性(hblC)基因、非溶血性基因(nheB)、呕吐毒素基因(ces)检测。结果 218批婴幼儿食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出39批次,检出率达17.89%。在23种药物敏感性试验中,蜡样芽胞杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、替考拉宁、万古霉素、氯霉素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因、利福平、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星敏感率100%,对环丙沙星、米诺环素、四环素、红霉素、克林霉素、莫匹罗星高浓度、复方新诺明、苯唑西林敏感率分别为97.44%、92.31%、89.74%、82.05%、38.46%、23.08%、20.51%、5.13%,对达托霉素非敏感,对头孢洛林、氨苄西林、青霉素全部耐药。溶血性hblC基因携带率高达100%,非溶血性基因nheB携带率为58.97%,本次试验未检出呕吐毒素基因ces。结论 婴幼儿食品蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率较高且检出菌中携带至少一种毒力基因的概率高达100%。对头孢洛林、氨苄西林、青霉素全部耐药,对达托霉素、苯唑西林等药物敏感性差,可为临床用药方案提供指导。

不同百合食药用功能指标检测分析

百合(Lilium spp.)是百合科(Liliaceae)百合属(Lilium L.)多年生球根草本植物的统称,是传统的药食同源植物,含有多糖、甾体皂苷等生物活性物质和淀粉、可溶性糖等营养成分,具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗抑郁、止咳等多种药理功能。受品种少、种源退化、重茬障碍等因素制约,现有食药用百合产能无法满足消费市场日益增长的需求,需要开发新的品种。选择百合原生种、药用百合杂交后代和栽培品种为试验材料,检测百合鳞茎多糖、总皂苷、总酚、黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等生物活性成分和可溶性总糖、维生素C、总淀粉、游离氨基酸、粗蛋白、总膳食纤维等营养成分含量,以卷丹和兰州百合为对照,开展百合食药用指标检测分析。结果表明:大花卷丹多糖含量达到281.58 mg·g^(-1)Dw,多项指标优于或接近卷丹和兰州百合,具有开发成食药用百合新品种的潜力;卷丹杂交后代辽宁晨曦多糖含量244.97 mg·g^(-1)Dw,粗蛋白含量130.94 mg·g^(-1)Dw,适合作为提取百合多糖和加工高蛋白食品的原料;栽培品种穿梭和伯格菲的淀粉、可溶性糖、膳食纤维含量等单项指标较为突出,适合作为提取单类营养物质的原料;凌源产兰州百合与大连产兰州百合5项指标差异极显著,可见产地环境条件能够对百合品质产生重要影响。

云南部分地区畜禽肉中沙门氏菌的污染状况及其耐药性

【目的】了解云南省部分地区生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的污染及其耐药情况。【方法】采集生鲜畜禽肉样164份,对沙门氏菌分离培养后,运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术进行鉴定;采用玻片凝集法分析沙门氏菌血清型,并通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)进行分子分型和聚类分析;再用药敏检测板(微量肉汤稀释法)对沙门氏菌进行14种抗生素药敏试验。【结果】164份样品中,有12份样品检出沙门氏菌19株,总检出率为7.32%;分属于5个血清群,B群最多(10株,占52.60%);主要血清型包括鼠伤寒沙门氏菌5株、圣保罗沙门氏菌3株、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌2株和鸭沙门氏菌2株。15株沙门氏菌PFGE分型产生14条不同的带型,表明畜禽肉中的少数沙门氏菌存在地域聚集,且存在交叉污染。19株沙门氏菌中有17株对抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为68.42%。【结论】生鲜畜禽肉中沙门氏菌检出率较高,呈现多重血清型,存在地域交叉污染,且耐药情况较为严重,需加强生肉制品卫生管理及抗生素使用管理。

我国限制使用的兽药在食品动物中的残留概况

从我国食品动物禁用、停用、特定时期不得使用以及允许使用但不得检出等层面,对我国兽药使用的限制、相关残留检测方法标准适用范围以及相关问题的分析和建议进行综述,以期为养殖业规范用药、食品安全监管部门政策制定和调整、科研机构针对不得检出兽药残留标准相关研究的开展提供参考。

药食同源理论及其在航天营养健康研究中的应用

载人航天飞行中面临的重力场变化、辐射、狭小空间孤闭隔离、噪声及生物节律变化等航天特因环境给维持航天员机体营养健康带来了挑战。根据载人航天实践,综述了航天特因环境下机体适应性变化,阐述了药食同源在航天营养健康保障中的应用预先研究现状,分析并提出了药食同源在支持未来载人深空探测方面的潜在应用价值。

检察公益诉讼的法理分析——从食药检察公益诉讼展开

我国检察公益诉讼包括民事检察公益诉讼和行政检察公益诉讼两大类,涉及14个领域;二者的确责设权基点、法理基础和内在逻辑皆迥异,如民事检察公益诉讼的法理基础是检察机关的代表功能,而行政检察公益诉讼的法理基础是检察机关的监督职能。检察公益诉讼介入食药领域,其背后的法理是检察机关肩负着对食药领域公共利益、保护私益主体利益、司法公共资源保护的国家职责。

表面增强拉曼光谱在动物源性食品兽药残留检测的研究进展

动物性食品安全问题日益突出,愈演愈烈,有关问题食品的报道也受到了公众的广泛关注。一旦兽药在畜牧养殖过程中被过度使用或滥用,药物残留将给人类健康带来严重危害。常见的残留检测方法存在成本高、速度慢和效率低等缺点,通常需要专业人员操作,传统的理化方法已不能满足食品质量检测的需要,因此研发快速高效的兽药残留检测方法起着关键作用。近年来,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术在真伪鉴别、非法添加物检测和农兽药残留等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,并以其快速检测、无损等优势在食品检测领域有着更为广阔的发展前景。与其他检测方法不同的是,SERS通过信号放大和高灵敏度的指纹光谱,可以快速识别目标分析物,进行定性或半定量分析。本文主要介绍了拉曼光谱和SERS在动物源性食品中兽药残留检测中的研究和应用,重点介绍了SERS的优势、食品样品的前处理以及SERS结合其他技术检测多种兽药的相关研究,并提出了SERS在实际监测中面临的挑战。