After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, ha...After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats.展开更多
China, the East Asian giant, now faces a growing problem of illicit drug use, which is deeply harmful to its stability. The outcome of intensive enforcements, named ＂People＇s anti-drug war＂, though reaching some ac...China, the East Asian giant, now faces a growing problem of illicit drug use, which is deeply harmful to its stability. The outcome of intensive enforcements, named ＂People＇s anti-drug war＂, though reaching some accomplishments, is still insufficient to settle this increasingly serious problem. This essay, therefore, highlights the four limits of China＇s current lawful enforcement through examining the outcome of ＂anti-drug war＂ launched in 2015. Furthermore, the essay provides four potential recommendations for the adjustment in China＇s anti-drug strategy, in terms of its particular political system and geographical environment. With the increasing younger-age trend and geographical expansion of illicit drug problem, the serious situation is calling for a more flexible and artful regulatory framework in China.展开更多
What about a convicted criminal when he or she is ill? Let it run its own course or extend a humanitarian hand? The case of Deng Jinhua furnished an example. Deng Jinhua, 37, was born in Linquan County, Anhui Province...What about a convicted criminal when he or she is ill? Let it run its own course or extend a humanitarian hand? The case of Deng Jinhua furnished an example. Deng Jinhua, 37, was born in Linquan County, Anhui Province. On 26 January 2000, She was sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment for drug trafficking by the People’s Court of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province. She suffers from recurrent epilepsy. While she was serving her term, the disease often recurred. But, instead of seeing her suffer, the prison wardens extended a warm help to her while making great efforts to make her repent.展开更多
This article has the objective of putting forward the claim that there is a strong convergence between terrorism and organized crime. The terrorist organization Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan （PKK） is the perfect exampl...This article has the objective of putting forward the claim that there is a strong convergence between terrorism and organized crime. The terrorist organization Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan （PKK） is the perfect example in portraying the organized crime and terrorism nexus. PKK uses organized crime as a technique in broadening the financial resources of the terrorist organization. In order to reach that goal the paper has the objective of contributing to the theoretical framework of the terror-crime nexus. It borrows Prof. Tamarenko＇s conceptual framework of ＂The Crime-terror nexus＂. Europe is the logistical base for PKK. Despite all the counter terrorism measures that Europe tried to bolster after the attacks in Spain and UK how can a region still be a base for a terrorist organization？ Is Europe a safe haven for terrorist organizations？ The first part will put forward a theoretical framework of the article centered upon the argument whether organized crime and terrorism converge or diverge in terms of motivations, objectives and anticipated outcomes. The second part will concentrate on the PKK. A brief historical introduction of how the terrorist organization was formed will be provided. The second sub pan in this section will mainly deal with PKK＇s methods of using organized crime as its tool in achieving its political goals. The third pan will be the concluding section of the paper. Points for further research and policy suggestions will be discussed,展开更多
Organized crime impacts on societies,and it is one of the main threats to global justice.Assessment of the presence and activities of organized crime is therefore crucial for the design of effective policies and actio...Organized crime impacts on societies,and it is one of the main threats to global justice.Assessment of the presence and activities of organized crime is therefore crucial for the design of effective policies and actions.Several methodological approaches have been proposed to address the two main challenges implied by this effort:(1)the complexity of defining what organized crime is;and(2)the collection and generation of reliable data to estimate it.Moreover,organized crime groups increasingly engage in illicit activities that extend beyond their traditional territories and the borders of a single state.This expansion is facilitated by the ever-growing economic and social connections among people and countries.This poses serious threats to countries and their citizens by generating direct and indirect economic damage,affecting social structures,and hindering the development and stability of states.This paper discusses the latest methodological advances in measurement of OC within a country or a region.It then describes a strategy for assessing OC presence based on the estimation of the transnational illicit markets and the role of countries in those illicit networks.Examples from the current research studies are provided.展开更多
文摘After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats.
文摘China, the East Asian giant, now faces a growing problem of illicit drug use, which is deeply harmful to its stability. The outcome of intensive enforcements, named ＂People＇s anti-drug war＂, though reaching some accomplishments, is still insufficient to settle this increasingly serious problem. This essay, therefore, highlights the four limits of China＇s current lawful enforcement through examining the outcome of ＂anti-drug war＂ launched in 2015. Furthermore, the essay provides four potential recommendations for the adjustment in China＇s anti-drug strategy, in terms of its particular political system and geographical environment. With the increasing younger-age trend and geographical expansion of illicit drug problem, the serious situation is calling for a more flexible and artful regulatory framework in China.
文摘What about a convicted criminal when he or she is ill? Let it run its own course or extend a humanitarian hand? The case of Deng Jinhua furnished an example. Deng Jinhua, 37, was born in Linquan County, Anhui Province. On 26 January 2000, She was sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment for drug trafficking by the People’s Court of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province. She suffers from recurrent epilepsy. While she was serving her term, the disease often recurred. But, instead of seeing her suffer, the prison wardens extended a warm help to her while making great efforts to make her repent.
文摘This article has the objective of putting forward the claim that there is a strong convergence between terrorism and organized crime. The terrorist organization Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan （PKK） is the perfect example in portraying the organized crime and terrorism nexus. PKK uses organized crime as a technique in broadening the financial resources of the terrorist organization. In order to reach that goal the paper has the objective of contributing to the theoretical framework of the terror-crime nexus. It borrows Prof. Tamarenko＇s conceptual framework of ＂The Crime-terror nexus＂. Europe is the logistical base for PKK. Despite all the counter terrorism measures that Europe tried to bolster after the attacks in Spain and UK how can a region still be a base for a terrorist organization？ Is Europe a safe haven for terrorist organizations？ The first part will put forward a theoretical framework of the article centered upon the argument whether organized crime and terrorism converge or diverge in terms of motivations, objectives and anticipated outcomes. The second part will concentrate on the PKK. A brief historical introduction of how the terrorist organization was formed will be provided. The second sub pan in this section will mainly deal with PKK＇s methods of using organized crime as its tool in achieving its political goals. The third pan will be the concluding section of the paper. Points for further research and policy suggestions will be discussed,
文摘Organized crime impacts on societies,and it is one of the main threats to global justice.Assessment of the presence and activities of organized crime is therefore crucial for the design of effective policies and actions.Several methodological approaches have been proposed to address the two main challenges implied by this effort:(1)the complexity of defining what organized crime is;and(2)the collection and generation of reliable data to estimate it.Moreover,organized crime groups increasingly engage in illicit activities that extend beyond their traditional territories and the borders of a single state.This expansion is facilitated by the ever-growing economic and social connections among people and countries.This poses serious threats to countries and their citizens by generating direct and indirect economic damage,affecting social structures,and hindering the development and stability of states.This paper discusses the latest methodological advances in measurement of OC within a country or a region.It then describes a strategy for assessing OC presence based on the estimation of the transnational illicit markets and the role of countries in those illicit networks.Examples from the current research studies are provided.
