Analysis of Drug Medical Insurance Access Pricing Based on the Perspective of Binary Equilibrium

Objective To study the influencing factors in the process of national medical insurance negotiation and drug pricing from the dualistic equilibrium perspective,and to provide reference for the harmonious management of drug pricing in China.Methods Through the literature analysis and policy review,the pricing subject,pricing basis and price control system in the pricing process of medical-accessed medicines were analyzed from the perspective of binary equilibrium and harmonious management.Results and Conclusion It is found that four balances in the drug pricing process,two balances in pricing basis and three balances in price control system need to be considered,respectively.Drug pricing is the key content of national medical insurance access,which is also the hotspot of the policy in the pharmaceutical fields in recent years.Drug pricing not only reflects the value of drugs,but also reflects a lot of top-level designs of binary equilibriums in medical insurance policy.While the rational design of drug pricing requires the joint efforts of the government,pharmaceutical companies and relevant experts to comprehensively consider many equilibriums,so as to improve the relevant systems.

Effect improvement of drug pricing reform based on multi-channel coordination

To improve the effect of the drug pricing reform,a business model of pharmaceutical e-commerce is introduced into the pharmaceutical supply chain.First,based on the measures of the drug pricing reform,a dual-channel model is established,consisting of a drugstore and a hospital.The analysis of the model indicates that the reform leads to higher costs for patients.Then,an e-pharmacy is added to the dual-channel supply chain.Meanwhile,to reduce the home-delivery cost of the e-pharmacy,a multi-channel coordination strategy called“order online,delivery by drugstore”is proposed.By comparing the optimal values under the two models with and without coordination strategy,respectively,the results show that the profits of the e-pharmacy and the drugstore increase while the retail prices of drugs drop,and a large number of patients are diverted from the hospital.Therefore,the business model of pharmaceutical e-commerce with multi-channel coordination can greatly improve the effect of the drug pricing reform.

药品价格指数的构建与应用

目的基于药品零售价格大数据构建药品价格指数,描述其波动特征,发挥其药品价格宏观监管作用,促进药品价格保持合理水平。方法运用链式拉氏指数构建原理建立药品价格指数模型,运用时间序列模型描述指数波动特征,识别并分析药品价格波动异常状况。结果2015年1月—2020年12月,药品价格总指数小幅上涨,累计涨幅为14.43%,年均涨幅约2.40%,市场化改革成效较为显著。通过基于局部加权回归的季节趋势分解(seasonal-trend decomposition using loess,STL)方法对获得的药品价格总指数时间序列进行分析,指数呈长期平缓上升趋势,不规则波动值为-1.41~2.03,说明药品价格受外因影响较小,周期性特征仍有待进一步研究。2015年1月—2020年12月,根据药品价格指数共监测到价格异常风险32次。结论药品价格指数较全面地反映药品价格走势,对于药品价格异常波动具有一定的预警作用,能够为我国药品价格监管提供有效工具。

Suggestions on Foreign Pharmaceutical Enterprises Dealing with China’s Drug Centralized Procurement - Taking the First Batch of Implementation Results as an Example

Objective To analyze the impact of the first batch of centralized drug procurement on foreign pharmaceutical enterprises since the national centralized drug procurement policy has brought great impact on pharmaceutical market,and put forward some suggestions on their marketing transformation in China.Methods Firstly,the documents of the drug centralized procurement were studied,and then the sales figures before and after the implementation of the policy were retrieved from MiNET.At the same time,the relevant business adjustment information of foreign pharmaceutical enterprises was collected for analysis.Results and Conclusion The sales of related products of foreign pharmaceutical enterprises have dropped sharply,so they have stripped off these products and reduced their staff.It is suggested that foreign pharmaceutical enterprises should adjust the structure of sales team,strengthen the layout of the market in the county,and accelerate the introduction of innovative drugs to cope with centralized drug procurement.

Who Raised My Drug Price?

The prices of some drugs have surged up recently with a cardiac medicine, for instance, costing 10 times more. Some consumers are linking it to the latest reform in China＇s drug regulation history. In May, the National Development and Reform Commission （NDRC）, China＇s top economic regulator, announced the price ceiling imposed by the government on over 2,700 pharmaceutical drugs would be removed from June 1 onward.

Development of the generic drug industry in the US after the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984

The key events in the development of the US generic drug industry after the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984 are systematically reviewed,including the process of approval for generic drugs,bioequivalence issues including“switchability”,bioequivalence for complicated dosage forms,patent extension,generic drug safety,generic substitution and low-cost generics.The backlog in generic review,generic drug user fees,and“quality by design”for generic drugs is also discussed.The evolution of the US generic drug industry after the Hatch-Waxman Act in 1984 has afforded several lessons of great benefit to other countries wishing to establish or re-establish a domestic generic drug industry.

Research on the sharing mechanism of drug price information in China-from the perspective of intergovernmental information sharing

Establishment of sharing mechanism for drug price information to guarantee the construction of a unified cross-departmental price information platform is a new national policy after Chinese government abandoned drug price control. Based on the theory of intergovernmental information sharing, this study aimed to investigate the drug price information sharing mechanism in China through literature research and stakeholder interviews, which included institution guarantee mechanism, department coordination mechanism and technical support mechanism.